Myliobatis

Myliobatis
Temporal range: 65–0 Ma

Danian to Present[1]

Myliobatis californica
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Chondrichthyes
Subclass: Elasmobranchii
Order: Myliobatiformes
Family: Myliobatidae
Genus: Myliobatis
Cuvier, 1816

Myliobatis is a genus of eagle rays in the family Myliobatidae.

Description

Myliobatis species can reach a length of about 150 centimetres (59 in). Body consist of a rhomboidal disc, wider than long, with a one dorsal fin. The head is broad and short, with eyes and spiracles on the sides. The tail is slender, with 1-2 large spines at the base, without tail fin.[2]

The teeth are arranged in the lower and upper jaw in flat tooth plates called pavement teeth, each consisting of about 7 series of plates. Said mouth plates are useful to crush clam shells and crustaceans.[2]

Biology

Myliobatis species are ovoviviparous. Their gestation last about 6 months and a female produces 4-7 embryos. Myliobatis species mainly feed on molluscs, bottom-living crustaceans and small fishes.[3]

Habitat

Mylobatis species live in warm, shallow waters. Adults prefer sandy shores while juveniles can usually be encountered offshore.[2][3]

Extant Species

There are currently 11 recognized species in this genus:[4]

Extinct Species

Fossil tooth or plate of Myliobatis dixoni from Khouribga (Morocco), 55-45 mya

Extinct species within this genus include:[7]

  • †Myliobatis acutus Agassiz, 1843
  • †Myliobatis affinis Chapman & Cudmore, 1924
  • †Myliobatis albestii Pauca, 1929
  • †Myliobatis altavillae Meschinelli, 1924
  • †Myliobatis altus Davis, 1888
  • †Myliobatis americanus Bravard, 1884
  • †Myliobatis angustidens Sismonda, 1849
  • †Myliobatis angustus Agassiz, 1843
  • †Myliobatis arcuatus Davis, 1888
  • †Myliobatis bellardii Issel, 1877
  • †Myliobatis bilobatus Dartevelle & Casier, 1943
  • †Myliobatis bisulcus Marsh, 1870
  • †Myliobatis bothriodon White, 1926
  • †Myliobatis canaliculatus Agassiz, 1843
  • †Myliobatis colei Agassiz, 1843
  • †Myliobatis crassidens Dartevelle & Casier, 1959
  • †Myliobatis dimorphus Delfortrie, 1871
  • †Myliobatis dispar Leriche, 1913
  • †Myliobatis dixoni Agassiz, 1843
  • †Myliobatis elatus Stromer, 1905
  • †Myliobatis enormis Mendiola, 1999
  • †Myliobatis erctensis Salinas, 1901
  • †Myliobatis fastigiatus Leidy, 1876
  • †Myliobatis fraasi Stromer, 1905
  • †Myliobatis frangens Eastman, 1904
  • †Myliobatis funiculatus Delfortrie, 1871
  • †Myliobatis gigas Cope, 1867
  • †Myliobatis girondicus Pedroni, 1844
  • †Myliobatis goniopleurus Agassiz, 1843
  • †Myliobatis granulosus Issel, 1877
  • †Myliobatis haueri Penecke, 1884
  • †Myliobatis holmesii Gibbes, 1849
  • †Myliobatis intermedius Dartevelle & Casier, 1943
  • †Myliobatis kummeli Fowler, 1911
  • †Myliobatis lagaillardei Thomas, 1904
  • †Myliobatis lateralis Agassiz, 1843
  • †Myliobatis leidyi Hay, 1899
  • †Myliobatis leognanensis Delfortrie, 1871
  • †Myliobatis lepersonnei Dartevelle & Casier, 1959
  • †Myliobatis llopisi Bauzá & Gomez Pallerola, 1982
  • †Myliobatis magister Leidy, 1876
  • †Myliobatis marginalis Agassiz, 1843
  • †Myliobatis merriami Jordan & Beal, 1913
  • †Myliobatis meyeri Weiler, 1922
  • †Myliobatis micropleurus Agassiz, 1843
  • †Myliobatis microrhizus Delfortrie, 1871
  • †Myliobatis miocenicus Böhm, 1942
  • †Myliobatis mokattamensis Stromer, 1905
  • †Myliobatis monnieri Cappetta, 1986
  • †Myliobatis moorabbinensis Chapman & Pritchard, 1907
  • †Myliobatis mordax Leidy, 1876
  • †Myliobatis moutai Dartevelle & Casier, 1959
  • †Myliobatis nzadinensis Dartevelle & Casier, 1943
  • †Myliobatis oweni Agassiz, 1843
  • †Myliobatis pachyodon Cope, 1867
  • †Myliobatis pachyrhizodus Fowler, 1911
  • †Myliobatis pentoni Woodward, 1893
  • †Myliobatis placentinus Carraroli, 1897
  • †Myliobatis plicatilis Davis, 1888
  • †Myliobatis prenticei Chapman & Cudmore, 1924
  • †Myliobatis raouxi Arambourg, 1952
  • †Myliobatis rima Meyer, 1844
  • †Myliobatis rivierei Sauvage, 1878
  • †Myliobatis rugosus Leidy, 1855
  • †Myliobatis salentinus Botti, 1877
  • †Myliobatis semperei Mendiola, 1999
  • †Myliobatis sendaicus Hatai, Murata & Masuda, 1965
  • †Myliobatis serratus Meyer, 1843
  • †Myliobatis sinhaleyus Deraniyagala, 1937
  • †Myliobatis stokesii Agassiz, 1843
  • †Myliobatis striatus Buckland, 1837
  • †Myliobatis strobeli Issel, 1877
  • †Myliobatis sulcidens Dartevelle & Casier, 1943
  • †Myliobatis testae Philippi, 1846
  • †Myliobatis tewarii Mishra, 1980
  • †Myliobatis toliapicus Agassiz, 1843
  • †Myliobatis transversalis Gibbes, 1849
  • †Myliobatis tumidens Woodward, 1889
  • †Myliobatis undulatus Chaffee, 1939
  • †Myliobatis vicomicanus Cope, 1867
  • †Myliobatis wurnoensis White, 1934

These eagle rays lived from the Cretaceous to the Quaternary periods (from 70.6 to 0.012 Ma). Fossils of these fishes have been found worldwide.[7]

The extinct species Myliobatis dixoni is known from Tertiary deposits along the Atlantic seaboards of the United States, Brazil, Nigeria, England, and Germany.[7]

Bibliography

  • Aguiar, A.A.; Gallo, V.; Valentin, J.L. (2004). "Using the size independent discriminant analysis to distinguish the species of Myliobatis Cuvier (Batoidea: Myliobatidae) from Brazil". Zootaxa. 464: 1–7. 
  • Compagno, L.J.V. (1999): Checklist of living elasmobranchs. A: Hamlett W.C. (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes., The Johns Hopkins University Press: 471-498.
  • Garman, S (1913). "The Plagiostomia (Sharks, Skates and Rays)". Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. 36: 1–515. 
  • Gill, T.N. (1865). "Note on the family of myliobatoids, and on a new species of Aetobatis". Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York. 8: 135–138. 
  • Walker, C. & Ward, D. (1993): - Fossielen: Sesam Natuur Handboeken, Bosch & Keuning, Baarn. ISBN 90-246-4924-2

See also

References

  1. ↑ Sepkoski, J. (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera (Chondrichthyes entry)". Bulletins of American Paleontology. 364: 560.
  2. 1 2 3 Discover life
  3. 1 2 World Register of Marine Species
  4. ↑ White, W.T. (2014). "A revised generic arrangement for the eagle ray family Myliobatidae, with definitions for the valid genera". Zootaxa. 3860 (2): 149–166. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3860.2.3.
  5. 1 2 White, W.T.; Kawauchi, J.; Corrigan, S.; Rochel, E.; Naylor, G.J.P. (2015). "Redescription of the eagle rays Myliobatis hamlyni Ogilby, 1911 and M. tobijei Bleeker, 1854 (Myliobatiformes: Myliobatidae) from the East Indo-West Pacific". Zootaxa. 3948 (3): 521–548. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3948.3.7.
  6. ↑ Ruocco, N.L.; Lucifora, L.O.; de Astarloa, J.M.D.; Mabragaña, E.; Delpiani, S.M. (2012). "Morphology and DNA barcoding reveal a new species of eagle ray from the Southwestern Atlantic: Myliobatis ridens sp. nov. (Chondrichthyes, Myliobatiformes, Myliobatidae)" (PDF). Zoological Studies. 51 (6): 862–873.
  7. 1 2 3 Shark References
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