Nakajima Ki-6

Ki-6

Civil version of Ki-6 in use by Japan Air Transport
Role	transport, training aircraft
Manufacturer	Nakajima Aircraft Company
First flight	1930
Introduction	1931
Primary users	IJA Air Force Manchukuo Air Force
Developed from	Fokker Super Universal

The Nakajima Ki-6 (九五式二型練習機, Kyūgo-shiki nigata renshuki) was a licensed-produced version of the Fokker Super Universal transport built by Nakajima Aircraft Company in the 1930s. Initially used as an airliner, the militarized version was used by the Imperial Japanese Army in a variety of roles, ranging from medical evacuation to transport and training aircraft. It was used extensively in combat zones in Manchukuo and in China during the Second Sino-Japanese War.

Design and development

The Ki-6 originated as the Model 8 Super Universal, launched by Fokker in the United States in 1927 as a further development of its successful Fokker Universal. The Super Universal was slightly larger and could carry six passengers rather than four. In addition, the aircraft was equipped with a more powerful engine and a cantilever high-wing. In total, about 200 Super Universals are thought to have been built. Due to its rugged durability, long-range flight ability and large cargo capacity, the Fokker Super Universal was extensively used in bush flying and was well regarded for its versatility. The first flight took place in March 1928. Shortly after, the type entered production at a new factory in Glendale, California. The Super Universal remained in production until January 1931.

The Super Universal caught the attention of a number of civil airlines from 1928 onwards. There was also interest from the United States military, although no order was placed. Fokker received export orders from Colombia, Argentina, South Africa and Japan and a license production agreements were made with the Canadian subsidiary of Vickers and with Nakajima Aircraft Company in Japan.

Operational history

The first Super Universal was brought to Japan in components and was assembled by Nakajima for Japan Air Transport, the national airline of the Empire of Japan from 1928 to 1938. Under license production, Nakajima replaced the engine with a 336 kW (450 hp) Bristol Jupiter radial engine, also license-built in Japan, and later by its own Nakajima Kotobuki 343 kW (460 hp) engine.

Nakajima's production began in September 1930, with the first aircraft delivered in March 1931. Production ended in October 1936, but the total number of aircraft built is unknown. Nakajima also sub-licensed additional production to its subsidiary Manshūkoku Hikōki Seizo KK in Manchukuo, which also produced an unknown number of units. The first military Super Universals were introduced into service following Japan's invasion of Manchuria in 1931 when the Imperial Japanese Army commandeered seven Super Universals from the Japan Air Transport Company.

In 1932, the Imperial Japanese Army Air Force decided to acquire its own transports, which it designated as the Army Type 95 Training Aircraft under the former aircraft naming nomenclature system, or Ki-6 under the new system. The first aircraft was delivered as a flying ambulance fitted with two stretchers and three seats.^[1] This was followed by an order for 20 trainers to be used for training pilots, gunners, bombardiers and wireless operators.^[2]

The Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service also ordered 20 Ki-6s, re-designating the aircraft as the Navy Fokker Land-Based Reconnaissance Aircraft or in short C2N1 when used for land-based operations and an additional 30 Navy Fokker Reconnaissance Seaplane or in short C2N2, which were fitted with a floatplane.^[3] The naval version had a larger cabin and was used on reconnaissance and military transport missions.

The aircraft built in Japan were used for both civil and military roles with some remaining in operation until after World War II.

Variants

Nakajima Super Universal

Civilian transport

Ki-6 (Army Type 95 Training Aircraft)

Military transport for the IJAAF

C2N1 (Navy land-based reconnaissance aircraft)

Military transport for the IJN

C2N2 (Navy reconnaissance seaplane)

Military transport for the IJN

Manshū Super Universal

Civil and military transport built in Manchukuo (Manchuria)

Operators

Civilian operators

Japan Air Transport (Nihon Kōkū Yusō KK), the national airline of the Empire of Japan from 1928 to 1938.
Imperial Japanese Airways (Dai Nippon Kōkū KK), the national airline of the Empire of Japan from 1938 to 1945.
Manchukuo National Airways

Military operators

Specifications (Ki-6)

Data from Japanese AIrcraft, 1910-1941^[4]

General characteristics

Crew: 1
Capacity: 6
Length: 11.25 m (36 ft 11 in)
Wingspan: 15.44 m (50 ft 7.87 in)
Height: 2.79 m (9 ft 2 in)
Wing area: 37.37 m² (402.26 ft²)
Empty weight: 1,640 kg (3,616 lb)
Gross weight: 2,820 kg (6,217 lb)
Powerplant: 1 × Nakajima Kotobuki air-cooled radial engine, 336 kW (450 hp)

Performance

Maximum speed: 245 km/h (152 mph)
Range: 1,045 km (650 miles)
Service ceiling: 6,000 m (19,685 ft)

References

Notes

Bibliography

Francillon, Ph.D., René J. (1979). Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War. London: Putnam & Company Ltd. ISBN 0-370-30251-6.
Mikesh, Robert C.; Shorzoe Abe (1990). Japanese Aircraft, 1910-1941. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-563-2.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nakajima Ki-6.

Fokker Aircraft site

Aircraft produced by Nakajima Aircraft Company

Imperial Japanese Navy types

Carrier fighters	A1N A2N A3N A4N

Carrier Torpedo Bombers	B3N B4N B5N B6N

Reconnaissance aircraft	C2N C3N C6N

Dive bombers	D3N

Reconnaissance floatplanes	E2N E4N E8N

Land-based Attack Bombers	G5N G8N G10N

Interceptors	J1N J5N Nakajima Kikka

Transports	L1N

Floatplane fighter	A6M2-N

Other	LB-2

Imperial Japanese Army types

Army type-year	type 91 fighter type 94 reconnaissance aircraft type 95 training aircraft type 97 fighter type 97 transport type 100 heavy bomber type 1 fighter type 2 single-seat fighter type 4 fighter

Kitai (airframe #)	Ki-4 Ki-6 Ki-8 Ki-11 Ki-12 Ki-19 Ki-27 Ki-34 Ki-43 Ki-44 Ki-49 Ki-58 Ki-62 Ki-63 Ki-80 Ki-84 Ki-87 Ki-106 Ki-115 Ki-201

WW2 Allied reporting names

Imperial Japanese Army Air Service aircraft designations

1-50	Ki-1 Ki-2 Ki-3 Ki-4 Ki-5 Ki-6 Ki-7 Ki-8 Ki-9 Ki-10 Ki-11 Ki-12 Ki-13 Ki-14 Ki-15 Ki-16 Ki-17 Ki-18 Ki-19 Ki-20 Ki-21 Ki-22 Ki-23 Ki-24 Ki-25 Ki-26 Ki-27 Ki-28 Ki-29 Ki-30 Ki-31 Ki-32 Ki-33 Ki-34 Ki-35 Ki-36 Ki-37 Ki-38 Ki-39 Ki-40 Ki-41 Ki-42 Ki-43 Ki-44 Ki-45 Ki-46 Ki-47 Ki-48 Ki-49 Ki-50

51-100	Ki-51 Ki-52 Ki-53 Ki-54 Ki-55 Ki-56 Ki-57 Ki-58 Ki-59 Ki-60 Ki-61 Ki-62 Ki-63 Ki-64 Ki-66 Ki-67 Ki-68 Ki-69 Ki-70 Ki-71 Ki-72 Ki-73 Ki-74 Ki-75 Ki-76 Ki-77 Ki-78 Ki-79 Ki-80 Ki-81 Ki-82 Ki-83 Ki-84 Ki-85 Ki-86 Ki-87 Ki-88 Ki-89 Ki-90 Ki-91 Ki-92 Ki-93 Ki-94 Ki-95 Ki-96 Ki-97 Ki-98 Ki-99 Ki-100

100-	Ki-101 Ki-102 Ki-103 Ki-105 Ki-106 Ki-107 Ki-108 Ki-109 Ki-110 Ki-111 Ki-112 Ki-113 Ki-114 Ki-115 Ki-116 Ki-117 Ki-118 Ki-119 Ki-148 Ki-167 Ki-174 Ki-200 Ki-201 Ki-202 Ki-230

Japanese Navy Reconnaissance Aircraft designations

Carrier-based	C1M C2N C3N C4A C5M C6N CXP

Land-based	R1Y R2Y

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