Nalchik

For other uses of "Nalchik", see Nalchik (disambiguation).
Nalchik (English)
Нальчик (Russian)
Налщӏэч (Kabardian)
Нальчик (Balkar)
-  City  -

Nalchik

Location of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic in Russia
Nalchik
Location of Nalchik in the Kabardino-Balkar Republic
Coordinates: 43°29′N 43°37′E / 43.483°N 43.617°E / 43.483; 43.617Coordinates: 43°29′N 43°37′E / 43.483°N 43.617°E / 43.483; 43.617
Coat of arms
Flag
City Day September 1[1]
Administrative status (as of October 2008)
Country Russia
Federal subject Kabardino-Balkar Republic
Administratively subordinated to city of republic significance of Nalchik[2]
Capital of Kabardino-Balkar Republic
Administrative center of city of republic significance of Nalchik[2]
Municipal status (as of January 2011)
Urban okrug Nalchik Urban Okrug[3]
Administrative center of Nalchik Urban Okrug[3]
Head[4] Zalimgeri Khagasov[4]
Representative body City Council[5]
Statistics
Area 67 km2 (26 sq mi)[6]
Population (2010 Census) 240,203 inhabitants[7]
- Rank in 2010 78th
Density (January 1, 2010) 2,234.3/km2 (5,787/sq mi)[8]
Time zone MSK (UTC+03:00)[9]
Founded 1724
City status since 1921
Postal code(s)[10] 360000, 360005, 360032, 360901, 360903, 360904
Dialing code(s) +7 8662[11]
Official website
Nalchik on Wikimedia Commons
Sosruko tower in Nalchik.
Nalchik Springs.

Nalchik (Russian: Нальчик; IPA: [ˈnalʲtɕɪk]; Kabardian: Налщӏэч /naːɮɕʼakʲ/; Karachay-Balkar: Нальчик) is the capital city of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, Russia, situated at an altitude of 550 meters (1,800 ft) in the foothills of the Caucasus Mountains; about 100 kilometers (62 mi) northwest of Beslan in the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania.[12] It covers an area of 131 square kilometers (51 sq mi). Population was 240,203 (2010 Census);[7] 274,974 (2002 Census);[13] 234,547 (1989 Census).[14]

History

The territory of modern-day Nalchik was formerly known as Slabada. It was inhabited by native Kabardians, Balkars, Chechens, Adeki, and Cherkese until around 1743: groups occasionally clashed over and dispute their claims to the land. The modern city dates from the early 19th century when the expanding Russian Empire built a fort there together with settling Mountain Jews in 1818; this date is seen at the top of the city's coat of arms. With the founding of the city of Nalchik, the disputes among the native groups calmed and life improved for the people in the region.

In 1838, a Russian military settlement was founded in the city, and after the Russian Revolution of 1917, in the year 1921, Nalchik was given the status of administrative center of Kabardin Autonomous Oblast.

The word "Nalchik" literally means "small horseshoe" in Kabardian (or Circassian, a Northwest Caucasian language) and Karachay-Balkar (a Turkic language). It is a diminutive of na'l, a common Middle Eastern word (Arabic, Persian, Turkish) for "horseshoe", possibly from the ancient Scythian, 'nalak" (horseshoe). The city of Nalchik was named this way because of how it is shaped as surrounded by the mountains of the land, and the river Nalchik is named after the city it runs across.

During World War II, Nalchik was occupied by Nazi Germany and Romania[15] between October 28, 1942, and January 3, 1943. The city was heavily damaged during the conflict. Nalchik's Jewish population, mostly Mountain Jews, suffered brutal beatings and tremendous harm at the hands of the Romanians under Nazi orders. However, the Jewish People of Nalchik were able to survive the invasion because they were able to, somewhat, blend in with their neighbors.[16]

Nalchik was chosen the "second cleanest city of Russia" in 2003.

On October 13, 2005, Nalchik was attacked by a large group of Yarmuk Jamaat militants led by Shamil Basayev and Anzor Astemirov. Buildings associated with the Russian security forces were targeted, killing at least 14 civilians and wounding 115. Thirty-five policemen were killed in the fighting and eighty-nine militants, including prominent leader Ilias Gorchkhanov, were killed while another fifty-nine were arrested.

Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with four rural localities, incorporated as the city of republic significance of Nalchik—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[2] As a municipal division, the city of republic significance of Nalchik is incorporated as Nalchik Urban Okrug.[3]

Ethnic groups

The population of the city includes (2006 data):

2002 Census data:[17]

Economy and education

Nalchik is a balneological and mountain climatotherapy resort, with several sanatoriums. It also serves as an industrial center of the republic (non-ferrous metallurgy, light industry, construction materials manufacturing, machine building).

Nalchik is home to the following facilities of higher education:

Climate

According to weatherspark.com: Nalchik has a humid continental climate with hot summers and no dry season. The warm season lasts from late May to mid-September and the cold season from December to March. Most forms of precipitation are light rain and thunderstorms, as well as, light snow and moderate snow. Wind speeds are typically calm to a light breeze through the year.

Climate data for Nalchik
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 0
(32)		 1
(34)		 7
(45)		 16
(61)		 21
(70)		 25
(77)		 27
(81)		 26
(79)		 22
(72)		 15
(59)		 8
(46)		 3
(37)		 15
(59)
Daily mean °C (°F) −3
(27)		 −2
(28)		 3
(37)		 11
(52)		 16
(61)		 20
(68)		 22
(72)		 21
(70)		 17
(63)		 10
(50)		 5
(41)		 0
(32)		 10
(50)
Average low °C (°F) −7
(19)		 −6
(21)		 −1
(30)		 5
(41)		 11
(52)		 14
(57)		 17
(63)		 16
(61)		 12
(54)		 5
(41)		 1
(34)		 −4
(25)		 5
(41)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 22
(0.87)		 23
(0.91)		 38
(1.5)		 63
(2.48)		 99
(3.9)		 100
(3.94)		 72
(2.83)		 61
(2.4)		 55
(2.17)		 43
(1.69)		 29
(1.14)		 26
(1.02)		 631
(24.84)
Average precipitation days 6 6 8 9 11 11 9 7 7 7 7 7 95
Mean monthly sunshine hours 69 71 117 141 185 235 222 210 201 153 93 63 1,810
Source #1: Gydrometcenter[21]
Source #2: City Hall of Nalchik [22]

date=July 2012

Sports

PFC Spartak Nalchik is an association football club based in Nalchik, playing in the Russian Premier League. The 2008 World Women's Chess Championship has also been held in Nalchik on August 28–September 18, 2008.[23]

Notable people

Twin towns and sister cities

References

Notes

  1. ↑ http://na.adm-kbr.ru/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=69&Itemid=16
  2. 1 2 3 Law #12-RZ
  3. 1 2 3 Law #13-RZ
  4. 1 2 Местная администрация городского округа Нальчик (in Russian). Retrieved October 30, 2010.
  5. ↑ "http://na.adm-kbr.ru/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=269&Itemid=17". Nalchik City Council. Nalchik City Council. June 28, 1995. The supreme and exclusive legislative (representative) body of the state power in Nalchik is the Nalchik City Council. External link in |title= (help);
  6. ↑ "Регионы России. Основные социально-экономические показатели городов". 2012 г. (in Russian). Retrieved 2013-11-12.
  7. 1 2 Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
  8. ↑ "Инвестиционный паспорт Кабардино-Балкарии". Investpassport. 2010. Retrieved October 30, 2010.
  9. ↑ Правительство Российской Федерации. Федеральный закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об исчислении времени», в ред. Федерального закона №271-ФЗ от 03 июля 2016 г. «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об исчислении времени"». Вступил в силу по истечении шестидесяти дней после дня официального опубликования (6 августа 2011 г.). Опубликован: "Российская газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #271-FZ of July 03, 2016 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).
  10. ↑ http://postindex.delovoigorod.ru/nalchik/center/
  11. ↑ http://www.rt.ru/help-info/mg/index.php?SELECTED_CHAR=%CD
  12. ↑ "Dozens die as Russian city raided." BBC. Thursday October 13, 2005. Retrieved November 8, 2011.
  13. ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian). Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  14. ↑ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  15. ↑ The 3rd Army in the Caucasus - 1942
  16. ↑ Amjad M. Jaimoukha, The Circassians: A Handbook (Palgrave, 2001).
  17. ↑ http://www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru/rnkbr.html
  18. ↑ "Organisations.Kabardino-Balkar State University". mathnet.ru. Retrieved September 27, 2009.
  19. ↑ "North-Caucasus State Institute of Arts". Universities, Colleges and Institutes Directory of Russian Federation (Russia) .University-directory.eu. Retrieved September 27, 2009.
  20. ↑ "Federal Education Kabardino-Balkar State Agricultural Academy" (in Russian). Education in Russia. edu.ru. Retrieved September 27, 2009.
  21. ↑ "Gydrometcenter: Historical Weather for Nalchik".
  22. ↑ "City Hall of Nalchik : Sundata for Nalchik". June 2011.
  23. ↑ "World Women's Championship.World Chess Federation 2008". FIDE. Retrieved September 27, 2009.

Sources

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Nalchik.
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