Nanopore battery

A nanopore battery is a rechargeable battery that is a composite of billions of nanoscale batteries formed within the pores of a substrate.^[1]

The space inside the holes is so small that billions of pores combined equal the volume of a grain of sand. Each pore's diameter was some one eighty-thousandth the width of a human hair.^[1]

Construction

In 2014 a demonstration device was made from a ceramic sheet made of anodic aluminum. It held two vanadium pentoxide nanotube electrodes separated by an electrolyte that carried the electrical charge between the two. The current collector was made of ruthenium. The individual batteries are connected in parallel.^[2]

The V
2O
5 is prelithiated at one end to form the anode, with pure V
2O
5 at the other end to form the cathode. The battery asymmetrically cycles between 0.2 V and 1.8 V.^[3]

Performance

The capacity retention of this full cell (relative to 1 C values) is 95% at 5 C and 46% at 150 C, with a 1,000-cycle life.^[3] A demonstration device was fully charged in 12 minutes and recharged thousands of times.^[1]

Implications

The system uses an electrochemical regime in which ion insertion and surface charge mechanisms for energy storage become indistinguishable. It can serve as a vehicle for studying ion transport limits in dense, nanostructured, electrode arrays.^[3]

References

1 2 3 Coxworth, Ben (November 11, 2014). "Tiny battery is made from lots of even tinier "nanopore" batteries". Gizmag. Retrieved February 2015. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
↑ "A battery made up of billions of nanoscale batteries". Kurzweil.net. November 11, 2014. Retrieved February 2015. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
1 2 3 Liu, C.; Gillette, E. I.; Chen, X.; Pearse, A. J.; Kozen, A. C.; Schroeder, M. A.; Gregorczyk, K. E.; Lee, S. B.; Rubloff, G. W. (2014). "An all-in-one nanopore battery array". Nature Nanotechnology. 9 (12): 1031. doi:10.1038/nnano.2014.247.

External links

Galvanic cells

Types	Voltaic pile Battery Flow battery Trough battery Concentration cell Fuel cell Thermogalvanic cell

Primary cell (non-rechargable)	Alkaline Aluminium–air Bunsen Chromic acid Clark Daniell Dry Edison-Lalande Grove Leclanché Lithium Mercury Nickel oxyhydroxide Silicon–air Silver oxide Weston Zamboni Zinc–air Zinc–carbon

Secondary cell (rechargeable)	Automotive Lead–acid gel / VRLA Lithium–air Lithium–ion Lithium polymer Lithium iron phosphate Lithium titanate Lithium–sulfur Dual carbon battery Molten salt Nanopore Nanowire Nickel–cadmium Nickel–hydrogen Nickel–iron Nickel–lithium Nickel–metal hydride Nickel–zinc Polysulfide bromide Potassium-ion Rechargeable alkaline Sodium-ion Sodium–sulfur Vanadium redox Zinc–bromine Zinc–cerium

Cell parts	Anode Binder Catalyst Cathode Electrode Electrolyte Half-cell Ions Salt bridge Semipermeable membrane

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