NHS Connecting for Health

NHS Connecting for Health (CFH) Agency was part of the UK Department of Health and was formed on 1 April 2005, having replaced the former NHS Information Authority. It was part of the Department of Health Informatics Directorate, with the role to maintain and develop the NHS national IT infrastructure. It adopted the responsibility of delivering the NHS National Programme for IT (NPfIT), an initiative by the Department of Health in England to move the National Health Service (NHS) in England towards a single, centrally-mandated electronic care record for patients and to connect 30,000 general practitioners to 300 hospitals, providing secure and audited access to these records by authorised health professionals.

NHS Connecting for Health ceased to exist on 31 March 2013, and some projects and responsibilities were taken over by Health and Social Care Information Centre.

History

Contracts for the NPfIT Spine and five Clusters were awarded in December 2003 and January 2004.[1][2][3][4]

It was planned that patients would also have access to their records online through a service called HealthSpace. NPfIT is said by NHS CFH to be "the world's biggest civil information technology programme".[5]

The cost of the programme, together with its ongoing problems of management and the withdrawal or sacking of two of the four IT providers, have placed it at the centre of ongoing controversy, and the Commons Public Accounts Committee has repeatedly expressed serious concerns over its scope, planning, budgeting, and practical value to patients.[6][7][8] As of January 2009, while some systems were being deployed across the NHS, other key components of the system were estimated to be four years behind schedule, and others had yet to be deployed outside individual primary care trusts (PCTs).[8]

While the Daily Mail announced on 22 September 2011 that "£12bn NHS computer system is scrapped...",[9] The Guardian noted that the announcement from the Department of Health on 9 September,[10] had been "part of a process towards localising NHS IT that has been under way for several years".[11] Whilst remaining aspects of the National Programme for IT were cancelled, most of the spending would proceed with the Department of Health seeking for local software solutions rather than a single nationally imposed system.[12]

Structure and scope of the programme

The programme was established in October 2002 following several Department of Health reports on IT Strategies for the NHS, and on 1 April 2005 a new agency called NHS Connecting for Health (CfH) was formed to deliver the programme.[13] CfH absorbed both staff and workstreams from the abolished NHS Information Authority, the organisation it replaced. CfH was based in Leeds, West Yorkshire. By 2009, it was still managed nationally by CfH, with responsibility for delivery shared with the chief executives of the ten NHS strategic health authorities.[8]

Reviews

The refusal of the Department of Health to make "concrete, objective information about NPfIT's progress [...] available to external observers", nor even to MPs, attracted significant criticism, and was one of the issues which in April 2006 prompted 23 academics[14] in computer-related fields to raise concerns about the programme in an open letter to the Health Select Committee.[15][16] 2006-10-06 the same signatories wrote a second open letter[17]

A report by the King's Fund in 2007 also criticised the government's "apparent reluctance to audit and evaluate the programme", questioning their failure to develop an ICT strategy whose benefits are likely to outweigh costs and the poor evidence base for key technologies.[18]

A report by the Public Accounts Committee in 2009 called the risks to the successful deployment of the system "as serious as ever", adding that key deliverables at the heart of the project were "way off the pace", noting that "even the revised completion date of 2014–2015 for these systems now looks doubtful in the light of the termination last year of Fujitsu's contract covering the South", and concluding "essential systems are late, or, when deployed, do not meet expectations of clinical staff".[19]

The initial reports into the feasibility of the scheme, known to have been conducted by McKinsey, and subsequent reports by IT industry analyst Ovum among others[20] have never been published nor made available to MPs.[21]

Costs

Originally expected to cost £2.3 billion (bn) over three years, in June 2006 the total cost was estimated by the National Audit Office to be £12.4bn over 10 years, and the NAO also noted that "...it was not demonstrated that the financial value of the benefits exceeds the cost of the Programme".[22] Similarly, the British Computer Society (2006) concluded that "...the central costs incurred by NHS are such that, so far, the value for money from services deployed is poor".[23] Officials involved in the programme have been quoted in the media estimating the final cost to be as high as £20bn, indicating a cost overrun of 440% to 770%.[24]

In April 2007, the Public Accounts Committee of the House of Commons issued a damning 175-page report on the programme. The Committee chairman, Edward Leigh, claimed "This is the biggest IT project in the world and it is turning into the biggest disaster." The report concluded that, despite a probable expenditure of 20 billion pounds "at the present rate of progress it is unlikely that significant clinical benefits will be delivered by the end of the contract period."[6]

In September 2013, the Public Accounts Committee said that although the National Programme for IT had been effectively disbanded in 2011, some large regional contracts and other costs remained outstanding and were still costing the public dearly. It described the former National Programme for IT as one of the "worst and most expensive contracting fiascos" ever.[25]

The costs of the venture should have been lessened by the contracts signed by the IT providers making them liable for huge sums of money if they withdrew from the project; however, when Accenture withdrew in September 2006, then Director-General for NPfIT Richard Granger charged them not £1bn, as the contract permitted, but just £63m.[26] Granger's first job was with Andersen Consulting,[27] which later became Accenture.

Deliverables

The programme was divided into a number of key deliverables.

Deliverable Since Name of software Original delivery date Progress 2007[18] Progress 2009[8]
Integrated care records service 2002 NHS Care Records Service (NCRS) / Lorenzo 2004 "Real progress only just beginning", no go-live date specified "Recent progress...very disappointing", completion date of 2014–2015 now looks unlikely following withdrawal of Fujitsu, arrangements for South region not resolved, Lorenzo still not live in a single acute Trust
Electronic prescribing 2002 NHS Electronic Prescription Service 2007 Implementation began in early 2005, used for 8% of daily prescriptions 70% of GPs and pharmacies had 1st release of software, but only 40% of prescriptions issued with readable barcodes
Electronic appointments booking 2002 Choose and Book 2005 Take-up slow, system reliant on outdated technology, GPs dissatisfied, target of 90% of referrals on system by March 2007 missed Mixed, around half of new appointments made using system, additional training and time required
Underpinning IT infrastructure 2002 New National Network (N3) March 2002 On schedule, with 98% of GP practices connected
Medical imaging software Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS)
Performance management of primary care Quality Management and Analysis System (QMAS)
Central e-mail and directory service NHSmail*

*NHSmail was renamed to Contact in late 2004,[28] before being reverted to NHSmail in April 2006.[29]

The Spine (including PDS and PSIS)

The Spine is a set of national services used by the NHS Care Record Service. These include:

The Spine also provides a set of security services, to ensure access to information stored on the Spine is appropriately controlled. These security measures were queried during the early stages of Spine development, with leaked internal memos seen by the Sunday Times mentioning "fundamental" design flaws.[30] In addition, government spokeswoman Caroline Flint failed to dispel concerns regarding access to patients' data by persons not involved in their care when she commented in March 2007 that "in general only those staff who are working as part of a team that is providing a patient with care, that is, those having a legitimate relationship with the patient, will be able to see a patient's health record."[21]

The Spine was migrated to a new Open Source system in August 2014.[31]

Exceptions

The NHS in Wales is also running a national programme for service improvement and development via the use of Information Technology – this project is called Informing Healthcare. A challenge facing both NHS CFH and Informing Healthcare is that the use of national systems previously developed by the NHS Information Authority are shared by both of these organisations and the Isle of Man. Separate provision needs to be made for devolution, while maintaining links for patients travelling across national borders.

NPfIT is currently focussed on delivering the NHS Care Record Service to GPs, Acute and Primary Hospitals, medical clinics and local hospitals and surgeries. Whilst there are no immediate plans to include opticians or dentists in the electronic care record, services are delivered to these areas of the NHS.

Clusters and Local Service Providers

The programme originally divided England into five areas known as "clusters": Southern, London, East & East Midlands, North West & West Midlands, and North East. For each cluster, a different Local Service Provider (LSP) was contracted to be responsible for delivering services at a local level. This structure was intended to avoid the risk of committing to one supplier which might not then deliver; by having a number of different suppliers implementing similar systems in parallel, a degree of competition would be present which would not be if a single national contract had been tendered. Four clusters were awarded in two tranches on 8 and 23 December 2003,[1][3] with the fifth on 26 January 2004.[4] However, in July 2007 Accenture withdrew from their 2 clusters, and in May 2008 Fujitsu had their contract terminated, meaning that half the original contractors had dropped out of the project. As of May 2008, two IT providers were LSPs for the main body of the programme:

Local ownership

In the first half of 2007, David Nicholson announced the "National Programme, Local Ownership programme" (known as "NLOP") which dissolved the 5 clusters and devolved responsibility for the delivery of the programme to the ten English NHS strategic health authorities (SHAs).[33] Connecting for Health retains responsibility for the contracts with the LSPs.[34]

Under NLOP, staff employed by CfH in the Clusters had their employment transferred to the SHAs, with some being recruited to revised national CfH posts.

National Application Service Providers

In addition to these LSPs the programme has appointed National Application Service Providers (NASPs) who are responsible for services that are common to all users e.g. Choose and Book and the national elements of the NHS Care Records Service that support the summary patient record and ensure patient confidentiality and information security. As of October 2005, the NASPs are:

Changes to service providers

In March 2004, EDS had their 10-year contract to supply the NHSMail service terminated.[35][36] On 1 July 2004, Cable and Wireless were contracted to provide this service, which was initially renamed Contact.[37]

IDX Systems Corporation was removed from the Southern Cluster Fujitsu Alliance in August 2005 following repeated failure to meet deadlines.[32] They were replaced in September 2005 by Cerner Corporation.

In early 2006, ComMedica's contract for supply of PACS to the North-West/West-Midlands cluster was terminated, and they were replaced by GE Healthcare.

In July 2006, the London region started the contractual replacement of IDX (which had been bought out by GE Healthcare in January 2006) as its supplier. Systems for secondary care, primary care and community and mental health services are proposed by BT to be provided by Cerner, INPS (formerly in Practice Systems) and CSE Healthcare Systems, part of the CSE-Global group of companies, respectively.[38] This is subject to contractual negotiation known as 'CCN2'.

In September 2006, the CSC Alliance, Accenture and Connecting for Health signed a tripartite agreement that as of January 2007, the CSC Alliance would take over the responsibility for the majority of care systems the North East and Eastern clusters from Accenture, with the exception of PACS. As part of the handover process, around 300 Accenture personnel transferred under a TUPE process to CSC, and CSC took over the leases for some of Accenture's premises in Leeds. Accenture now retains only a small presence in the city for the delivery of its PACS responsibilities.

In May 2008 it was announced that following the failure to conclude renegotiation of the contract for the Southern Cluster, CfH terminated the contract with Fujitsu.[39] The majority of the Southern Cluster care systems were subsequently transferred to BT Health except for PACS which was transferred to the CSC Alliance, aligning with the technology deployed by each company.

Criticisms of the programme

Failure to deliver clinical benefits

The 2009 Public Accounts Committee report noted that the NPfIT had provided "little clinical functionality...to-date"

The latest PAC report here 18 July 2011

The National Programme for IT in the NHS: an update on the delivery of detailed care records systems

Data security risks

NPfIT has been criticised for inadequate attention to security and patient privacy, with the Public Accounts Committee noting "patients and doctors have understandable concerns about data security", and that the Department of Health did not have a full picture of data security across the NHS.[8] In 2000, the NHS Executive won the "Most Heinous Government Organisation" Big Brother Award from Privacy International for its plans to implement what would become the NPfIT.[40] In 2004 the NPfIT won the "Most Appalling Project" Big Brother Award because of its plans to computerise patient records without putting in place adequate privacy safeguards.[41]

The balance between the right to privacy and the right to the best quality care is a sensitive one. Also there are sanctions against those who access data inappropriately, specifically instant dismissal and loss of professional registration.

More worryingly, a January 2005 survey among doctors indicates that support for the initiative as an 'important NHS priority' has dropped to 41%, from 70% the previous year.[42] There have been concerns raised by clinicians that clinician engagement has not been addressed as much as might be expected for such a large project.

Concerns over confidentiality, and the security of medical data uploaded to the Spine have also led to opposition from civil liberties campaigners such as NO2ID the anti-database state pressure group and The Big Opt Out who provide patients with a letter to send to their doctor so that their records are withheld from the database.

Reservations of medical staff

As of 5 August 2005, research carried out across the NHS in England suggested that clinical staff felt that the programme was failing to engage the clinicians fully, and was at risk of becoming a white elephant. The Public Accounts Committee observed in 2009 that "the current levels of support reflect the fact that for many staff the benefits of the Programme are still theoretical".[8]

Surveys in 2008 suggested that two-thirds of doctors would refuse to have their own medical records on the system.[43]

Impact on IT providers

According to the Daily Telegraph, the head of NPfIT, Richard Granger, 'shifted a vast amount of the risk associated with the project to service providers, which have to demonstrate that their systems work before being paid.' The contracts meant that withdrawing from the project would leave the providers liable for 50% of the value of the contract; however, as previously mentioned, when Accenture withdrew in September 2006, Granger chose not to use these clauses, saving Accenture more than £930m.[26]

The programme's largest software provider iSOFT has been seriously affected by this process and is under investigation by the UK Financial Services Authority for irregular accounting.[44] On 28 September 2006, the consultancy Accenture announced its intention to withdraw from £2bn of 10-year contracts with NPfIT, which were taken over in January 2007 by the CSC Alliance – both Accenture and CSC laid blame with iSOFT, although CSC has said it will be retaining iSOFT as its software provider for all its clusters.[45] Earlier in the year Accenture had written off $450m from its accounts because of 'significant delays' in the programme. iSOFT announced in March 2011 that trading in its shares would be suspended pending a corporate announcement. Subsequently in April 2011, the company announced that it was recommending a cash offer from CSC. CSC acquired iSOFT in August 2011

Implementation

The first trusts in the London & Southern Clusters to implement the new Cerner system found it problematic, with NHS hospital trust board minutes revealing a catalogue of errors. Difficulties with the system meant that:[46]

Management team

The NHS appointed a management team, responsible for the delivery of the system:[47]

In 2009, overall leadership of CfH was described by the Public Accounts Committee as having been "uncertain" since the announcement that Richard Granger would be leaving the project.[8]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "Reid Announces £2.7 billion of NHS IT contracts". E-Health Insider. Retrieved 22 October 2013.
  2. ↑ "Granger secures commitment to fund NPfIT". E-Health Insider. Retrieved 22 October 2013.
  3. 1 2 "Two LSP contracts announced, South delayed until 2004". E-Health Insider. Retrieved 22 October 2013.
  4. 1 2 "South awarded to Fujitsu". E-Health Insider. Retrieved 22 October 2013.
  5. ↑ "NHS Connecting for Health – Service Implementation".
  6. 1 2 Hope, Christopher (17 April 2007). "Patients 'won't benefit from £12bn IT project' – Telegraph". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 29 May 2008.
  7. ↑ "DoH: The NPfIT in the NHS – twentieth report of session 2006–2007" (PDF). Retrieved 31 May 2008.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "The National Programme for IT in the NHS: progress since 2006" (PDF). Public Accounts Committee. 27 January 2009. Retrieved 27 January 2009.
  9. ↑ Daniel Martin (22 September 2011). "£12bn NHS computer system is scrapped... and it's all YOUR money that Labour poured down the drain". The Daily Mail. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
  10. ↑ "The future of the National Programme for IT" (Press release). Department of Health. 9 September 2011. Retrieved 13 January 2014.
  11. ↑ SA Mathieson (22 September 2011). "Scrapping the National Programme for IT: a journey not a destination – The government's apparent ending of the NHS IT programme leaves NHS CfH and its BT and CSC contracts unaffected". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
  12. ↑ John Oates (9 September 2011). "UK.gov finally pulls plug on National Programme for IT – But future unclear for Summary Care Records". The Register. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
  13. ↑ "NHS Connecting for Health – How we started (Archive)".
  14. ↑ Signatories of the open letter to the Health Select Committee: Ross Anderson, Professor of Security Engineering, Cambridge University; James Backhouse, director, Information System Integrity Group, London School of Economics; David Bustard, Professor and Head of Computing and Information Engineering, University of Ulster; Ewart Carson, Professor of Systems Science, Centre for Health Informatics, City University; Patrik O'Brian Holt, professor, School of Computing, The Robert Gordon University; Roland Ibbett, professor, School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh; Ray Ison, Professor of Systems, The Open University; Achim Jung, professor, School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham; Frank Land, Emeritus Professor, Information Systems Department, London School of Economics; Bev Littlewood, Professor of Software Engineering, City University; John A McDermid, Professor of Software Engineering, University of York; Julian Newman, Professor of Computing, Glasgow Caledonian University; Brian Randell, professor, School of Computing Science, University of Newcastle; Uday Reddy, professor, School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham; Peter Ryan, Professor of Computing Science, University of Newcastle; Geoffrey Sampson, professor, Department of Informatics, University of Sussex; Martin Shepperd, Professor of Software Technologies, Brunel University; Michael Smith, Visiting Professor, Department of Computer Science, University College London; Tony Solomonides, Reader in Computer Science and Medical Informatics, University of the West of England; Ian Sommerville, professor, Computing Department, Lancaster University; Harold Thimbleby, Professor of Computer Science, Swansea University; Martyn Thomas, Visiting Professor of Software Engineering, Computing Laboratory, Oxford University; Colin Tully, Professor of Software Practice, School of Computing Science, Middlesex University
  15. ↑ Collins, Tony (12 April 2006). "NHS Focus: Open Letter: Questions that need to be answered". ComputerWeekly.com. Reed Business Information Limited. Retrieved 1 November 2006.
  16. ↑ Collins, Tony (11 April 2006). "Signatories to health committee letter". ComputerWeekly.com. Reed Business Information Limited. Retrieved 1 November 2006.
  17. ↑ Collins, Tony (10 October 2006). "Experts strike new NHS warning note". ComputerWeekly.com. Reed Business Information Limited. Retrieved 1 November 2006.
  18. 1 2 "Our Future Health Secured? A review of NHS funding and performance" (pdf). The King's Fund. Retrieved 27 January 2009.
  19. ↑ "The National Programme for IT in the NHS: Progress since 2006" (PDF). HMSO. 14 January 2009. Retrieved 2012-09-18.
  20. ↑ "House of Commons – Public Accounts – Minutes of Evidence". Retrieved 29 May 2008.
  21. 1 2 "Another ministerial spokesperson for the NHS IT programme moves on (Tony Collins's IT Projects Blog)". Computer Weekly. Retrieved 29 May 2008.
  22. ↑ The National Programme for IT in the NHS (pdf), National Audit Office, 16 June 2006, p. 4, retrieved 16 October 2011
  23. ↑ "The Way Forward for NHS Health Informatics: Where should NHS Connecting for Health (NHS CFH) go from here?" (pdf). The British Computer Society Health Informatics Forum Strategic Panel. 15 December 2006. Retrieved 27 January 2009.
  24. ↑ Fleming, Nic (12 October 2004). "Bill for hi-tech NHS soars to £20 billion". London: The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 31 May 2008.
  25. ↑ "NHS IT system one of 'worst fiascos ever', say MPs". BBC News. 18 September 2013. Retrieved 29 September 2013.
  26. 1 2 Kablenet. "Accenture escapes £1bn penalty for NHS walk-out". The Register. Retrieved 28 February 2008.
  27. 1 2 Revill, Jo (12 November 2006). "Health service IT boss 'failed computer studies'". London: The Observer. Retrieved 29 May 2008.
  28. ↑ "Contact lost as NHS e-mail relaunch misfires". E-Health Insider. Retrieved 31 May 2008.
  29. ↑ "Connecting for Health fails to lead on Contact". E-Health Insider. Retrieved 31 May 2008.
  30. ↑ Jonathan Carr-Brown (14 November 2004). "Computer loophole hits hi-tech NHS trial". London: The Sunday Times. Retrieved 20 May 2010.
  31. ↑ "NHS core IT system migration a 'success'". Health Service Journal. 5 September 2015. Retrieved 3 October 2014.
  32. 1 2 Wray, Richard (29 May 2008). "Second contractor drops out of £12bn NHS computer upgrade". London: The Guardian. Retrieved 29 May 2008.
  33. ↑ "Hunt spells out local ownership moves". E-Health Insider. Retrieved 31 May 2008.
  34. ↑ "NPfIT to go local by August". ZDNet.co.uk. 15 June 2007. Retrieved 31 May 2008.
  35. ↑ "Granger terminates EDS's NHSmail contract". E-Health Insider. Retrieved 31 May 2008.
  36. ↑ "National programme says NHSmail was 'unacceptable'". E-Health Insider. Retrieved 31 May 2008.
  37. ↑ "Press release:NHSMail Service To Transition Onto Microsoft Exchange Platform". Cable & Wireless. Archived from the original on 29 April 2008. Retrieved 31 May 2008.
  38. ↑ "NHS officially told of London Cerner switch". E-Health Insider. Retrieved 31 May 2008.
  39. ↑ "E-Health Insider :: Fujitsu's £896m NHS IT contract to be terminated". Retrieved 31 May 2008.
  40. ↑ "The 2000 UK Big Brother Awards". Retrieved 31 May 2008.
  41. ↑ "Privacy foes named and shamed". BBC NEWS. 29 July 2004. Retrieved 31 May 2008.
  42. ↑ "Doctor's support of NHS National Programme for IT declines, says new survey". PublicTechnology.net. Retrieved 31 May 2008.
  43. ↑ "Daily Mail Comment: The NHS and its great white elephant". The Daily Mail. 30 May 2008. Retrieved 31 May 2008.
  44. ↑ Moulds, Josephine (28 September 2006). "Daily Telegraph, 28 September 2006, 'IT providers left in the debris of NHS's 'Big Bang'". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 20 May 2010.
  45. ↑ Moulds, Josephine (29 September 2006). "Daily Telegraph, 29 September 2006, 'Accenture pulls out of NHS deal'". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 20 May 2010.
  46. ↑ Jamie Doward (10 August 2008). "Chaos as £13bn NHS computer system falters". London: The Guardian. Retrieved 11 August 2008.
  47. ↑ "Top Team – NHS Connecting for Health". Retrieved 31 May 2008.
  48. ↑ Grimston, Jack; Kirk, Jon (8 October 2006). "Fat cats of the public sector take top pay". London: The Times Online. Retrieved 31 May 2008.
  49. ↑ E-Health Insider :: Granger to leave in transition by end of 2007
  50. ↑ "Granger era ends as DG leaves CfH". E-Health Insider. Retrieved 31 May 2008.

External links

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