Net cafe refugee
Net café refugees (ネットカフェ難民 netto kafe nanmin), also known as cyber-homeless (サイバーホームレス saibā hōmuresu), are a class of homeless people in Japan who do not own or rent a residence (thus having no permanent address) and sleep in 24-hour Internet cafés or manga cafés. Although such cafés originally provided only Internet services, some have expanded their services to include food, drink, and showers. They are often used by commuters who miss the last train; however, the net café refugee trend has seen large numbers of people use them as their homes.[1]
Prevalence
A Japanese government study estimated that over 5,400 people are spending at least half of their week staying in net cafes.[2] It has been alleged that this phenomenon is part of an increasing wealth gap in Japan, which has historically boasted of having a very economically equal society.[3]
Economics
According to the Japanese government survey, those staying have little interest in manga or the Internet, and are instead using the place because of the low price relative to any of the competition for temporary housing, business hotels, capsule hotels, hostels, or any other option besides sleeping on the street. It was also estimated that about half of those staying have no job, while the other half work in low-paid temporary jobs, which paid around 100,000 yen ($1000) per month - lower than what is needed to rent an apartment and pay for transportation in a city like Tokyo.
Facilities
Some internet cafes offer free showers and sell underwear and other personal items, enabling net cafe refugees to use the internet cafes like a hotel or hostel.[3]
Cyber-homeless
Another word for Net cafe refugees is cyber-homeless, a Japanese word based on English.[4] Typically, the cyber-homeless are unemployed or underemployed and cannot afford to rent even the cheapest apartment, which is more than the cost per month to rent an internet booth daily. The cyber-homeless may even use the address of the internet cafe on resumes when applying for jobs to conceal their present form of accommodation.
The fee of 1400-2400 yen for a night - which may include free soft drinks, TV, comics and internet access - is less than for capsule hotels. Some cyber-homeless may also be freeters.[5]
See also
- Kamagasaki
- McRefugee
- Freeter
- Salaryman
- Hikikomori
- List of gairaigo and wasei-eigo terms
- NEET
- Parasite singles
- Twixter
- Boomerang Generation
- Flophouse
- Hostel
References
- ↑ BusinessWeek. Japan's Net Café Refugees. August 28, 2007.
- ↑ Water Week. New Japanese underclass, “net cafe refugees”, emerges: homeless and low-paid, living in cubicles, and net lounges. 17 October 2007.
- 1 2 Breitbart. Japan investigating 'net cafe refugees' at the Wayback Machine (archived February 21, 2012) . August 15, 2007.
- ↑ Japan's recession BBC News, Tokyo 18 March 2009
- ↑ "Cyber cafes a homeless haven". Television New Zealand. Reuters. 7 May 2007. Retrieved 30 October 2011.