Market (place)

For other uses, see Marketplace (disambiguation).
Farmers' market in Lhasa, Tibet, China
The Old Market building in Bratislava, Slovakia

A market, or marketplace, is a location where people regularly gather for the purchase and sale of provisions, livestock, and other goods.[1] In different parts of the world it may be referred to as a souk (from the Arabic), bazaar (from the Persian), a fixed mercado (Spanish), or itinerant tianguis (Mexico), or palengke (Philippines). Some markets operate on most days; others may be held once a week, or on less frequent specified days.

History

Markets have existed since ancient times. In ancient Greece it was called the agora, and in ancient Rome the forum.

The Grand Bazaar in Istanbul is often cited as the world's oldest still-operating market; its construction began in 1455. In the 15th century the Mexica (Aztec) market of Tlatelolco was the largest in all the Americas.[2]

Types of markets

Markets may be retail or wholesale markets.

Major physical formats of markets are:

Markets may feature a range of merchandise for sale, or they may be one of many specialist markets, such as:

Around the world

Street markets such as this one in Rue Mouffetard, Paris are common in France. Resellers and farmers sell fruit, vegetables, meat, fish, and other produce.
La Boqueria market in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.

Africa

Kumasi Market in Ghana

Ghana

Main article: Markets in Ghana

South and East Asia

Cambodia

Phnom Penh
Main article: Markets in Phnom Penh

Hong Kong

See: markets in Hong Kong

Street markets in Hong Kong are held all the days except few traditional Chinese holidays like Chinese New Year. Stalls opened at two sides of a street were required to have licenses issued by the Hong Kong Government. In Hong Kong there are street markets of various kinds such as fresh foods, clothing, cooked foods, flowers, and even electronics. The earliest form of markets is known as Gaa si. Some of them are gradually being replaced by shopping centres, markets in municipal service buildings, and supermarkets, while some became tourist attractions like Tung Choi Street and Apliu Street. There are many markets in India many are small,many are big and some are malls.Where is a mall in the city there is only people and people small markets have low prices and in malls there are very high prices for only small things.There are many people that shop only online,just the sit in their house and the product is delivered to you.So you can prefer small markets in India for lower prices.

India

In India (and also Bangladesh and Pakistan), a Landa bazaar is a type of a bazaar or a marketplace with lowest prices where only secondhand general goods are exchanged or sold.

Vegetable market in Chalakudy, India.

Indonesia and Malaysia

Main articles: Pasar malam and Pasar pagi

Philippines

Palengke in the Philippines
Main article: Palengke

South Korea

Thailand

Bangkok
Main article: Markets in Bangkok

Australia

Sydney

Main article: Markets in Sydney

Perth

Europe

Greece

Main article: Laiki agora

Street markets in Greece are called laikes agores (λαϊκές αγορές) in plural, or λαϊκή αγορά (laiki agora) in singular, meaning "people's market". They are very common all over Greece, including the capital, Athens, and its suburbs. Regular (weekly) morning markets sell mostly fresh produce from farming cooperatives – fruit, vegetables, fish and flowers/plants. Some household items and prepared foods are often available.

Annual street markets (panigyri(a)) occur around churches on the day of their patron saint. These take place in the evenings and have a more festive character, often involving attractions and food stalls. The goods sold range from clothing and accessories to household items, furniture, toys and trinkets. Athens also has several bazaars/enclosed markets.

Spain

United Kingdom

Licensing

Traders can be licensed to trade on a single pitch but not at a national level or when trading on private land. This has led to declining confidence in the reputation of markets. A voluntary scheme has been set up by The Market People, backed by the National Association of British Market Authorities (NABMA) to address this. It provides consumers with traceability of traders and goods as well as the ability to rate and contact the traders. A MarketPASS is issued to an operator or Trader once they have provided proof of identity, insurance and, where required, a hygiene certificate.

England's chartered markets and fairs

Many of the older historic markets carry a "charter" which gives that particular market certain rights and protection. For example, another market can't be held on the same day within a certain distance of a "chartered market". These were awarded by kings to markets and fairs all over England, and to this day are guarded by market traders and showmen.

London
See: markets in London

Some examples of street markets include Berwick Street Market, Broadway Market, Camden Market, East Street Market, Petticoat Lane and Portobello Road Market. The most popular for food is Borough Market which sell most fresh produce as well as having a bakery.

Former Yugoslavia

In Serbo-Croatian, a farmer's market is formally known as tržnica, and colloquially as pijaca, plac or pazar depending on region and dialect. The markets in large cities are open daily, including Sunday, from around 5 or 6 AM to mid-afternoon. Well-known examples are Dolac in Zagreb and Kalenić in Belgrade. In smaller towns there is often a market that opens once a week, on a specific day known as pazarni dan.

France

Wholesale fashion marketplace in France, principal locations: Paris 75011 and Aubervilliers 93001. 99% of owner are Chinese of around 2000 wholesale company. Product sell in this marketplace: clothing, shoes, accessories, jewelry. Import product from China, Vietnam, Turkey, Bangladesh, India. Export product to all countries of Europe.

Latin America

Brazil

Mercado Municipal in São Paulo, Brazil

Chile

Mexico

Grocery stalls in San Juan de Dios Market in Guadalajara, Mexico

Puerto Rico

Uruguay

Middle East

Israel

The Hebrew word for market is shuk (plural: shvakim), and food markets are found in every major city. Famous markets include the Carmel Market in Tel Aviv and Mahane Yehuda Market in Jerusalem.

Turkey

Street markets are called pazar in Turkish and usually named after the name of the day since they are only installed at around 05:00 on that specific day and ended on same day around 18:00, in every week. Every district in Turkey has its own open market where people can choose and buy from a very wide range of products, from fresh fruits and vegetables to clothing, from traditional white cheese (which some people may consider feta-like) to household items. In Istanbul area Wednesday Pazar of Fatih district, Tuesday Pazar of Kadıköy and Friday Pazar of Ortaköy are the most famous and crowded open markets of the city.

A market with shops or permanent stalls is called "çarşı" and may include covered streets that are closed at night. Famous examples include the Kapalıçarşı (Grand Bazaar) and Spice Bazaar in Istanbul.

United States and Canada

Canada

Public market at place Jacques-Cartier in Montreal, Quebec in 1940

Historic markets that have been converted to other uses include:

Pike Place Market in Seattle, Washington, looking west on Pike Street from First Avenue
Corridor of fruit and vegetable sellers at the West Side Market in Cleveland, Ohio
Postcard showing city market in Grand Rapids, Michigan, about 1910

Public markets in the United States

In the United States, the term public market is often used for a place where vendors or merchants meet at the same location on a regular basis. A public market has a sponsoring entity that has legal and financial responsibility to oversee operations and, sometimes, provides facilities to house the market activity. Public markets may incorporate the traditional market activity – the sale of fresh food from open stalls – and may also offer a wide range of different products. Public markets may incorporate elements of specialized markets such as farmers markets, craft markets, and antique markets. Traditionally public markets in the US were owned and operated by city governments, but this is no longer the case.[5]

According to the Ford Foundation, what distinguishes public markets from other types of related retail activity are three characteristics. Public markets:[5]

  1. have public goals, a defined civic purpose. Typically, these goals include: attracting shoppers to a central business district, providing affordable retailing opportunities to small businesses, preserving farming in the region, and activating or repurposing public space
  2. are located in and/or create a public space in the community, where a wide range of people mix, and are, or aim to be, a heart of the community
  3. are made up of locally owned, independent businesses operated by their owners, not franchises. This gives public markets a local flavor and unique experience.

List of public markets in the United States

See also

References

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