Pérez Zeledón (canton)
| Pérez Zeledón | ||
|---|---|---|
| Canton | ||
| ||
| Nickname(s): Pe Zeta (Spanish) | ||
| Anthem: Himno Municipal de Pérez Zeledón | ||
 Pérez Zeledón canton in San José province | ||
| Country | Costa Rica | |
| Province | San José | |
| Established | October 9, 1931 | |
| Named for | Pérez Zeledón | |
| Capital | San Isidro de El General | |
| Districts |
11 districts (distritos)
| |
| Government | ||
| • Mayor[1] | Vera Violeta Corrales (Partido Liberación Nacional) | |
| Area | ||
| • Total | 1,905.51 km2 (735.72 sq mi) | |
| Population (2011)[2] | ||
| • Total | 134,534 | |
| • Density | 71/km2 (180/sq mi) | |
| Website | http://www.mpz.go.cr/ | |
Pérez Zeledón is the 19th canton of the province of San José in Costa Rica, located in the Brunca region. The canton covers an area of 1,905.51 square kilometres (735.72 sq mi),[3] making it the seventh largest of the 81 cantons in the country. It has a population of 134,534 as of the 2011 Costa Rican census.[4] The capital city of the canton is San Isidro.
The canton's boundaries are established by the Río Savegre on the northwest, the Río Guabo and a series of coastal mountain ranges on the southwest and south, and the peaks of the highest mountains of the Cordillera de Talamanca (Talamanca Mountain Range) on the east. In the middle of the canton, the Río General, from which the canton's capital city takes its name, runs north to south.
Districts
The canton of Pérez Zeledón is subdivided into 11 districts (distritos):[5]
- San Isidro District
- General Viejo
- Daniel Flores
- Rivas
- San Pedro
- Platanares
- Pejibaye
- Cajón
- Barú
- Río Nuevo
- Páramo
History
The canton of Pérez Zeledón was established the 9 October 1931. And was granted 4 initial districts: Ureña, El General, Daniel Flores, and Rivas. Of which Ureña was the capital.[6]
Early Costa Rican Settlements
Near the end of the 19th century, between 1870 and 1899, there were quite a few families living in the El General valley. The hamlets (Spanish: Caseríos) of El General, Palmares, Rivas, and Ureña were further populated from 1900 onward.[6]
The Caserío of Ureña grew significantly, and by 1911, during Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno's administration the Refuges of Ojo de Agua, El Cerro de la Muerte, and División were established. These refuges would further advance the growth of the region known today as Pérez Zeledón and El General Valley.[6]
Costa Rican Civil War
San Isidro de El General, Pérez Zeledón's capital, was awarded the recognition of Ciudad Mártir, regarding the civil war of 1948, as established by Decree Nº274.[7]
This decree established official legal recognition of the city's participation in the civil war of 1948. A section of the decree states (in Spanish):
- la Junta Fundadora de la Segunda República, apreciando el noble esfuerzo y la valiosa contribución de San Isidro de El General, se siente obligada a hacer un público y oficial reconocimiento de tan loable conducta para que de ninguna manera quede ella relegada al olvido, sino que constantemente sea exaltada como merecen los grandes hechos dignos de vida eterna en los fastos nacionales.
Which in English would loosely translate into:
- The Founding Junta of the Second Republic, appreciating the noble effort and valuable contribution of San Isidro de El General, feels compelled to make a public and official recognition of such praiseworthy conduct that by no means be it relegated to oblivion, but rather constantly be exalted as great deeds merit worth of eternal life in the national splendour.
Pérez Zeledón was also the location of significant battles during the Costa Rican Civil War. The most notable battle was the Battle of San Isidro de El General. Said battle was carried out at around 6:30 am where 200 government forces engaged the revolutionaries at the city's central plaza. The battle was won by José Figueres Ferrer and his revolutionary forces, which secured the southern pacific region of Costa Rica in rebel hands.[8]
Economy
The canton of Pérez Zeledón's economic development has been characterized mostly by agriculture, livestock, trade, industry and tourism. One factor that has driven this economic development is the canton's unique geographic positioning; making it a sort of 'bridge' between Costa Rica's capital (San José) and the southern areas of the country, especially those that border Panamá.
Important agricultural activities:
- Sugar Cane cultivation
- Coffee
- Tiquizque cultivation
- Banana cultivation
- Blackberry cultivation
The first two products are the most important in the region.
Livestock activities are also economically relevant, with pigs and cattle being the most important. The latter is used for fattening and dairy.
Commercial activities have emerged with boom in recent decades, largely due to the establishment of credit unions, banks, local companies, media, and various other companies of the central valley (San José) setting operations in the canton.
Tourism
Its main attraction is its ecological diversity. There are such sites as the Chirripó National Park (one of the highest peak in Central America and the Caribbean, with an elevation of 3,820 meters above sea level) and great scenic beauty, flora and fauna all throughout.
Among other attractions are the journeys along the rapids.
Another park of prominence in the area is the Parque Internacional La Amistad, literally 'The Friendship International Park'.
Education
The first elementary school in Pérez Zeledón was established during Ascensión Esquivel Ibarra's government (1902-1906). It was called Escuela Mixta de Ureña and was located in the Ureña district, south of San Isidro de El General's central park. After the Costa Rican Civil War the school was moved to a new building located 100 meters past San Isidro de El General's main entrance. It currently serves under the name "Escuela 12 de Marzo", in honour of the start of the Costa Rican Civil War (which had just ended when the school was re-inaugurated at its current location).[9]
References
- ↑ "Lista de alcaldes electos 2010 - 2016 en los comicios municipales" [List of mayors elected 2010 - 2016 in the municipal elections] (in Spanish). El País. 06/12/2010. Check date values in:
|date=(help) - ↑ "Pérez Zeledón, San José" (Microsoft Excel) (in Spanish). Instituto de Formacion y Estudios en Democracia.
- ↑ Instituto Geográfico Nacional (IGN), 2001.
- ↑ http://www.inec.go.cr/A/MS/Censos/Censo%202011/Resultados%20preliminares/C%2001.%20Costa%20Rica%20Poblaci%C3%B3n%20total%20por%20sexo,%20total%20de%20viviendas%20por%20ocupaci%C3%B3n%20y%20promedio%20de%20ocupantes%20seg%C3%BAn%20provincia,%20cant%C3%B3n%20y%20distrito.xls
- ↑ "División Territorial Administrativa de Costa Rica" (PDF) (in Spanish). Instituto de Fomento y Asesoria Municipal (IFAM). 5 May 2009.
- 1 2 3 , Spanish, Official Government Webpage.
- ↑ http://www.elespiritudel48.org/docu/h110.htm
- ↑ http://www.elespiritudel48.org/docu/h118.htm
- ↑ , Official School Webpage (in Spanish).
Coordinates: 9°20′28″N 83°44′26″W / 9.34111°N 83.74056°W