Pérola Byington

Pérola Byington
Born	Pearl Ellis McIntyre December 3, 1879 Santa Bárbara d'Oeste, São Paulo, Brazil
Died	November 6, 1963 (aged 83) New York City, New York, United States

Pérola Ellis Byington (December 3, 1879 — 6 November 1963) was a Brazilian philanthropist and social activist. She was an advocate for mother and children's health assistance in Brazil during the first half of 20th century.^[1]

Biography

Born Pearl Ellis McIntyre, she was the daughter of Mary Elisabeth Ellis, and Robert Dickson McIntyre, American Confederado immigrants established in Santa Bárbara d'Oeste. She adopted the Portuguese form of her name (Pérola) and in 1894 when Pérola was fourteen years old, she completed the preparation for the Normal School, but was prevented from entering because the minimum age requirement was sixteen years old. Then, she received private lessons, except Latin, which she took at a boys' school , where Pérola had to hide behind a folding screen so as not to attract the attention of the teacher and the boys. In 1897, Pérola took the entrance exams for the annex course of the Law Academy of São Paulo. She didn't passed the geography test and neither was well received by the academicians, who did not see with good eyes the opening of the course for women. In 1899, at the age of 19, Pérola finished the normal course. In 1901 she married the industrialist Albert Jackson Byington,^[2] — also a Confederado — in Brazil, with whom she had two children.

During the First World War, Byington was in the United States, where she was responsible for a section of the Red Cross. Already back to Brazil, she continued participating in philanthropic activities. From the 1930s, Byington alongside the teacher Maria Antonieta de Castro led a campaign to combat child mortality, called "Cruzada Pró-Infância", (Crusade for Childhood) a task which she held for 33 years.^[3] She also dedicated herself to several other programs in defense of the disadvantaged, especially children, having been awarded several commendations of merit.

She died in 6 November 1963, in New York City.

Legacy

In her honor, a hospital dedicated to women's health in São Paulo is named after her.^[4]

Pérola, a municipality of the state of Paraná, was named after her; Alberto Byington Júnior, Pérola's son, was one of the partners of the Companhia Byington de Colonização Ltda., the company that bought land and settled in the region.^[5]

Byington is the great-grandmother of actress Bianca Byington and singer Olivia Byington.

References

1. Klein, Marian van der; Plant, Rebecca Jo; Sanders, Nichole; Weintrob, Lori R. (2012-04-30). Maternalism Reconsidered: Motherhood, Welfare and Social Policy in the Twentieth Century. Berghahn Books. ISBN 9780857454676.
2. "Mr. Albert Jackson Byington". 2011-08-06. Retrieved 2016-08-12.
3. "Pérola Byington: Em prol da infância e juventude". Retrieved 2016-08-12.
4. "Hospital Pérola Byington - Centro de Referência da Saúde da Mulher". www.hospitalperola.com.br. Retrieved 2016-08-12.
5. Ferreira, João Carlos Vicente. "Municípios paranaenses- origens e significados de seus nomes" (PDF).