Île-de-France tramway Line 3

Tramway T3
Overview
Ridership	30,000,000 riders/year (approx.)
Operation
Opened	2006 (last extension in 2012)
Rolling stock	Alstom Citadis
Technical
Line length	22.4 km (13.9 mi)
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8 ^1⁄2 in)
Route map Legend Porte d'Asnières Porte de Clichy Porte Pouchet Porte de Saint-Ouen Porte Montmartre Porte de Clignancourt Porte des Poissonniers Porte de la Chapelle ▲ future extension ▼ T3b Fillettes / Colette Besson Porte d'Aubervilliers Rosa Parks Canal Saint-Denis Canal Saint-Denis Porte de la Villette Ella Fitzgerald / Grands Moulins – Gare de Pantin Canal de l'Ourcq Shops | Delphine Seyrig / Pantin Ladoumègue Porte de Pantin Butte du Chapeau Rouge / Porte Brunet – Porte Chaumont Porte de Pré-Saint-Gervais / Hôpital Robert Debré Porte des Lilas Saint-Fargeau / Adrienne Bolland Séverine / Capitaine Ferber Porte de Bagnolet Saint-Blaise / Marie de Miribel Porte de Montreuil Porte de Vincennes ▲ T3b ▼ T3a Porte de Saint-Mandé / Alexandra David-Néel Porte de Montempoivre Porte Dorée Porte de Charenton Baron Le Roy Seine Porte de France – Bibliothèque François Mitterrand future Porte de Vitry / Maryse Bastié Porte d'Ivry Porte de Choisy Porte d'Italie Poterne des Peupliers Stade Charléty Cité Universitaire Montsouris Porte d'Orléans Jean Moulin Didot Porte de Vanves Brancion George Brassens Porte de Versailles Desnouettes Balard Lucotte Shops Pont du Garigliano ▲ T3a

Tramway line T3 is the first modern tramway in Paris proper, since the 1937 closure of the previous comparable system. It is operated by the Parisian Transport Authority (RATP: Régie autonome des transports parisiens), and is divided into two sections called T3a and T3b. The line is also known as the tramway des Maréchaux because it follows the boulevards des maréchaux, a series of boulevards that encircle Paris along the route of the former Thiers Wall (built 1841–44). The boulevards are, with three exceptions, named for Napoleon's First Empire marshals (maréchaux), and were transformed by redevelopment works carried out during the two and a half year construction of the line, which opened on 16 December 2006 under the designation T3.

The line runs in its own section of the roadway of these boulevards between the 15th and 13th arrondissements of Paris, allowing it to connect Pont de Garigliano and Porte d'Ivry in an average of 26 minutes. It carried 25 million passengers in its first year of operation, averaging 100 000 every weekday, and 70 000 at the weekends; numbers have steadily increased ever since.

In 2009, further work began to extend the line to the east and north, with the extension fully opening on 15 December 2012. Two separate lines were constructed to ensure the service's reliability: the existing line was extended to Porte de Vincennes and renamed T3a; a second line (T3b) connects Porte de Vincennes to Porte de la Chapelle. Currently, a possible extension of this new line to Porte d'Asnières by 2017 is under consideration.

History

Timeline

• 16 December 2006: Line enters service between Pont du Garigliano and Porte d'Ivry under the designation T3
• 18 June 2008: Speed increased from 16 km/h to 18 km/h
• 15 December 2012: Extension from Porte d'Ivry to Porte de Vincennes enters service as line T3a

Little Ring Line

The Little Ring Line (Ligne de Petite Ceinture) was constructed in order to link the major rail supply routes within the Thiers Fortifications that surrounded Paris. The line was opened in sections between 1852 and 1869, reaching a total length of 32 km and encircling Paris within the boulevards des Maréchaux.

Initially, the line was for the exclusive use of freight traffic, before subsequently opening to passenger traffic. The ligne d'Auteuil, in contrast, opened to passengers only immediately in 1854, and only opened to freight in 1867. The railway saw a rapid growth in passenger numbers towards the end of the 19th century, especially during the Universal Expositions. However, the inappropriateness of the equipment, consisting of steam locomotives that made the cars hot and uncomfortable, made the line less and less attractive, and it was unable to resist competition from the Métro.

After 1900, passenger numbers saw a constant and relentless fall until, in April 1934, despite several failed attempts to improve the situation, the line permanently closed to passengers, except the ligne d'Auteuil, which remained open until January 1985. Some months later, in July 1934, the PC Bus Line was created, and was an immediate success.

Freight traffic also disappeared at the start of the 1990s, and most of the line has since been abandoned and split by modern development. The section of the ligne d'Auteuil between Pereire-Levallois and Avenue Henri-Martin, however, was integrated with Line C of the Regional Express Rail Network of Paris (RER: Réseau express régional d'Île-de-France).

T3a

T3a connects Boulevard Victor – Pont du Garigliano RER station in the western part of the 15th arrondissement with Porte de Vincennes metro station in the 12th arrondissement. The line carries 112,000 people per day.^[1]

The first section, between Pont du Garigliano and Porte d'Ivry, opened as T3 on 16 December 2006. Work began in early 2009 on a 14.5 kilometres (9.0 mi) extension from Porte d’Ivry to Porte de la Chapelle, via Porte de Charenton. The extension project was then split into a smaller extension to Porte de Vincennes and a separate tramway line for the remainder of the route, which became T3b. The opening of the extension and renaming to T3a occurred on 15 December 2012.

T3b

T3b connects Porte de Vincennes with Porte de la Chapelle in the 18th arrondissement. It opened concurrently with the extension of T3a to Porte de Vincennes on 15 December 2012.

Map of the tramway. T3a is shown in orange and T3b in green.

Rolling stock

The design selected for line T3 was the Alstom Citadis 402.

The trains were ordered in December 2003, and manufactured in factories at Le Creusot (bogies), Tarbes (electrical and electronic traction), Villeurbanne (electronics), Ornans (motors), with final assembly performed at Aytré, near La Rochelle.

Their design aesthetic was the subject of extensive research by several designers: Régine Charvet-Pello (and designers of his company RCP Design Global) for the general concept, the colorist for Vonnik Hertig upholstery and indoor environment, Emmanuel Fedon and Luc Maillet for exterior trains. The livery of trains is personalized, combining RATP's traditional jade green with various visual symbols of the city.^[2]

Gallery

• 
  T3 tram at Porte de Versailles.
• 
  Rolling stock of the T3 line, the Alstom Citadis design by RCP Design Global.
• 
  The T3 at a stop.
• 
  Inside the T3 Citadis.
• 
  Westbound T3 arriving at Stade Charléty.
• 
  T 3b on the bridge crossing the canal de l'Ourcq.

References

1. Ligne 5 du tramway, bientôt sur les rails
2. Sensolab drives interior experimentation. Railway Gazette, 08/2007.