Peri-implantitis

A radiograph 2 years after implant placement, then 7 years later in a heavy smoker, demonstrating progression of bone loss due to peri-implantitis.

Peri-implantitis is the destructive inflammatory process affecting the soft and hard tissues surrounding dental implants.^[1] The array of periodontal pathogens found around failing implants (those affected by peri-implantitis) are very similar to those found in association with various forms of periodontal disease.^[2] In compound implants (two stage implants), between the actual implant and the superstructure (abutment) are gaps and cavities into which bacteria can penetrate from the oral cavity. Later these bacteria can return into the adjacent tissue and can cause peri-implantitis.

Treatment

Treatment may include removing dead tissue, antibiotics, and improved dental hygiene.^[3] This may include the use of mouthwashes^[4] and washing with chlorhexidine.^[5]

References

↑ Mombelli, A. "Microbiology and antimicrobial therapy of peri-implantitis," Periodontology 2000 2002;28:177–189.
↑ Listgarten and Lai (2000), AAP In-Service Exam, 2008-B12
↑ Hsu, A; Kim, JW (2014). "How to manage a patient with peri-implantitis.". Journal (Canadian Dental Association). 79: e24. PMID 24598326.
↑ Pedrazzi, V; Escobar, EC; Cortelli, JR; Haas, AN; Andrade, AK; Pannuti, CM; Almeida, ER; Costa, FO; Cortelli, SC; Rode Sde, M (2014). "Antimicrobial mouthrinse use as an adjunct method in peri-implant biofilm control.". Brazilian oral research. 28 Spec. PMID 25003787.
↑ Renvert, S; Roos-Jansåker, AM; Claffey, N (September 2008). "Non-surgical treatment of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis: a literature review.". Journal of clinical periodontology. 35 (8 Suppl): 305–15. doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.2008.01276.x. PMID 18724858.

Dentistry involving supporting structures of teeth (Periodontology)

Anatomy

Disease

Diagnoses	Chronic periodontitis Localized aggressive periodontitis Generalized aggressive periodontitis Periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic disease Periodontosis Necrotizing periodontal diseases Abscesses of the periodontium Combined periodontic-endodontic lesions

Infection	A. actinomycetemcomitans Capnocytophaga sp. F. nucleatum P. gingivalis P. intermedia T. forsythia T. denticola Red complex

Other	Calculus Clinical attachment loss Edentulism Fremitus Furcation defect Gingival enlargement Gingival pocket Gingival recession Gingivitis Horizontal bony defect Linear gingival erythema Occlusal trauma Periodontal pocket Periodontal disease Periodontitis Plaque Vertical bony defect

Treatment and prevention	Periodontal examination Ante's law Brushing Bleeding on probing Chlorhexidine gluconate Flossing Hydrogen peroxide Mouthwash Oral hygiene Tetracycline Triclosan Host modulatory therapy

Treatment

Conventional therapy	Debridement Scaling and root planing Full mouth disinfection Full mouth ultrasonic debridement

Surgery	Apically positioned flap Bone graft Coronally positioned flap Crown lengthening Open flap debridement Gingival graft Gingivectomy Guided bone regeneration Guided tissue regeneration Enamel matrix derivative Implant placement Lateral pedicle graft Pocket reduction surgery Socket preservation Sinus lift Subepithelial connective tissue graft Tools Curette Membrane Probe Scaler

Important personalities

Other specialties

Endodontology
Orthodontology
Prosthodontology

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