Pontianak Sultanate
| Pontianak Sultanate | ||||||||||
| Kesultanan Pontianak | ||||||||||
| Part of the Dutch East Indies (from 1779) | ||||||||||
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| Capital | Pontianak | |||||||||
| Languages | Malay language | |||||||||
| Religion | Sunni Islam | |||||||||
| Government | Islamic Absolute Monarchy | |||||||||
| History | ||||||||||
| • | Established | 23 October 1771 | ||||||||
| • | Coronation | 1 September 1778 | ||||||||
| • | Disestablished | 17 August 1950 | ||||||||
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The Pontianak Sultanate (Malay: Kesultanan Pontianak) was an Islamic Malay state that existed on the western coast of the island of Borneo from the late 18th century until its disestablishment in 1950. The Sultanate was located at the mouth of the Kapuas river in what is today the Indonesian province of West Kalimantan, and the Sultan's residential palace was situated in what later grew to become the modern-day Indonesian city of Pontianak.
History
The Pontianak Sultanate was founded in 1771 by explorers from Hadhramaut led by al-Sayyid Syarif Abdurrahman al-Kadrie, descendant of Imam Ali ar-Ridha. He had two political marriages in Kalimantan, first with the daughter of Panembahan Mempawah and then with the daughter of the Sultan of Banjar.
After the explorers arrived in Pontianak, they established the Kadariah Palace and received endorsement as the Sultan of Pontianak by the Dutch East India Company in 1779.[1]
The Pontianak Sultanate had friendly relations with the Lanfang Republic.
Pontianak Sultan Syarif Muhammad Alkadrie was executed by the Japanese in the Pontianak incident along with all the other Malay Sultans of Kalimantan. Two of his sons were also beheaded by the Japanese.
The last Sultan was Syarif Hamid Alkadrie, who was deposed by the Indonesians; he had earlier been interned by the occupying Japanese forces.
List of Sultans of Pontianak[2]
| Sultan of Pontianak | |
|---|---|
|
Royal Coat of arms | |
| Details | |
| First monarch | Syarif Abdurrahman Alkadrie |
| Last monarch | Syarif Hamid Alkadrie |
| Formation | 23 October 1771 |
| Abolition | 17 August 1950 |
| Residence | Kadriyah Palace |
| Appointer | Hereditary |
| Sultan | Reign | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Syarif Abdurrahman Alkadrie | 1771–1808 |
| 2 | Syarif Kasim Alkadrie | 1808–1819 |
| 3 | Syarif Osman Alkadrie | 1819–1855 |
| 4 | Syarif Hamid Alkadrie | 1855–1872 |
| 5 | Syarif Yusuf Alkadrie | 1872–1895 |
| 6 | Syarif Muhammad Alkadrie | 1895–1944 |
| 7 | Syarif Hamid Alkadrie | 1945–1950 |
References
- ↑ (id) http://ahmadiftahsidik.page.tl/Menengok-Sisa-Kejayaan-Keraton-Kadriah.htm?PHPSESSID=baaa75b3e0216e11602533722f474e82
- ↑ (id) http://melayuonline.com/history/?a=bU5WL29QTS9VenVwRnRCb20%3D%3D&lang=Indonesia
Further reading
- Henri Chambert-Loir (June 1994). "Some aspects of Islamic justice in the Sultanate of Pontianak c. 1880". Indonesia and the Malay World. 22 (63): 129–143. doi:10.1080/03062849408729814.
- Mary Somers Heidhues (1998). "The first two Sultans of Pontianak". Archipel. 56: 273–294. doi:10.3406/arch.1998.3491.