Pre-algebra

Pre-algebra is a common name for a course in middle school mathematics. In the United States, pre-algebra is usually taught in the 7th grade.^[1] The objective of pre-algebra is to prepare the student for the study of algebra.

Pre-algebra includes several broad subjects:

• Review of natural number arithmetic
• New types of numbers such as integers, fractions, decimals and negative numbers
• Factorization of natural numbers
• Properties of operations such as associativity and distributivity
• Simple (integer) roots and powers
• Rules of evaluation of expressions, such as operator precedence and use of parentheses
• Basics of equations, including rules for invariant manipulation of equations
• Understanding of variable manipulation
• Manipulation and arithmetic with the standard 4-quadrant Cartesian coordinate plane

Pre-algebra may include subjects from geometry, especially subjects that further understanding of algebra in applications to area and volume.

References

1. In the Introduction to their book on pre-algebra, Szczepanski & Kositsky (2008) say that "the math in this book should match what's taught in many middle school classrooms in California, Florida, New York, Texas, and other states". (p. xix)

• Szczepanski, Amy F.; Kositsky, Andrew P. (2008), The Complete Idiot's Guide to Pre-algebra, Penguin

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