Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988

Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988

An Act to consolidate and amend the law relating to the prevention of corruption and for matters connected therewith.
Citation	Act No. 49 of 1988
Territorial extent	The whole of India except Jammu and Kashmir. Applies also to all citizens of India outside India.
Enacted by	Parliament of India
Date enacted	9 September 1988
Status: In force

The Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 (No. 49 of 1988) is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted to combat corruption in government agencies and public sector businesses in India.^[1]

Provisions

The act consists of 5 chapters spread across 31 sections.^[2]

Chapter I: Preliminary

This chapter contains sections describing title, territorial extend, basic definitions, etc. Following are some sections:

Section 3: Appointment of special Judges

Power To Appoint Special Judges: The Central and the State Government is empowered to appoint Special Judges by placing a Notification in the Official Gazette, to try the following offences: · Any offence punishable under this Act. · Any conspiracy to commit or any attempt to commit or any abetment of any of the offences specified under the Act. The qualification for the Special Judge is that he should be or should have been a Session Judge or an Additional Session Judge or Assistant Session Judge under the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973

Section 4: Cases triable by special Judges

The offences punishable under this act can be tried by special Judges only. When trying any case, the special Judge is empowered to try any offence other than an offence punishable under this act, with which the accused may be charged at the same trial. It is recommended that the special Judge should hold the trial daily.^[3]

Case Trial By Special Judges: Every offence mentioned in Section 3(1)shall be tried by the Special Judge for the area within which it was committed. When trying any case, a Special Judge may also try any offence other than what is specified in S. 3, which the accused may be, under Cr.P.C. be charged at the same trial. The Special Judge has to hold the trial of an offence on day-to-day basis. However, while complying with foretasted, it is to be seen that the Cr.P.C. is not bifurcated.

Section 5: Procedure and powers of special Judge

The following are the powers of the Special Judge: He may take cognizance of the offences without the accused being commissioned to him for trial. In trying the accused persons, shall follow the procedure prescribed by the Cr.P.C. for the trial of warrant cases by Magistrate. he may with a view to obtain the evidence of any person supposed to have been directly or indirectly concerned in or privy to an offence, tender pardon to such person provided that he would make full and true disclosure of the whole circumstances within his knowledge or in respect to any person related to the offence.

Except as for S. 2(1), the provisions of Cr.P.C. shall apply to the proceedings before a Special Judge. Hence, the court of the Special Judge shall be deemed to be a Court of Session and the person conducting a prosecution before a Special Judge shall be deemed to be a public prosecutor. The provisions of secs. 326 and 475of the Cr.P.C. shall apply to the proceedings before a Special Judge and for purpose of the said provisions, a Special Judge shall be deemed to be a magistrate.

A Special Judge may pass a sentence authorized by law for the punishment of the offence of which a person is convicted. A Special Judge, while trying any offence punishable under the Act, shall exercise all powers and functions exercised by a District Judge under the Criminal Law Amendment Ordinance,1944.

Power to try summarily: Where a Special Judge tries any offence specified in Sec. 3(1), alleged to have been committed by a public servanet in relation to the contravention of any special order referred to in Sec.12-A(1) of the Essential Commodities Act, 1955 or all orders referred to in sub-section (2)(a) of that section then the special judge shall try the offence in a summarily way and the provisions of s. 262 to 265 (both inclusive) of the said code shall as far as may be apply to such trial. Provided that in the case of any conviction in a summary trial under this section this shall be lawful for the Special Judge to pass a sentence of imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year. However, when at the commencement of or in the course of a summary trial it appears to the Special Judge that the nature of the case is such that a sentence of imprisonment for a term exceeding one year may have to be passed or it is undesirable to try the case summarily, the Special judge shall record all order to that effect and thereafter recall any witnesses who may have been examined and proceed to hear and re-hear the case in accordance with the procedure prescribed by the said code for the trial of warrant cases by Magistrates. Moreover, there shall be no appeal by a convicted person in any case tried summarily under this section in which the Special Judge passes a sentence of imprisonment not exceeding one month and of fine not exceeding Rs. 2000.

Chapter III: Offences and penalties

The following are the offences under the PCA along with their punishments:- Taking gratification other than legal remuneration in respect of an official act, and if the public servant is found guilty shall be punishable with imprisonment which shall be not less than 6 months but which may extend to 5 years and shall also be liable to fine.

Taking gratification in order to influence public servant, by corrupt or illegal means, shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which shall be not less than six months but which may extend to five years and shall also be liable to fine.
Taking gratification, for exercise of personal influence with public servant shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which shall be not less than six months but which may extend to five years and shall also be liable to fine.
Abetment by public servant of offences defined in Section 8 or 9, shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which shall be not les than six months but which may extend to five years and shall also be liable to fine.
Public servant obtaining valuable thing without consideration from person concerned in proceeding or business transacted by such public servant, shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which shall be not less than six months but which may extend to five years and shall also be liable to fine.
Punishment for abetment of offences defined in Section 7 or 11 shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which shall be not less that six months but which may extend to five years and shall also be liable to fine.
Any public servant, who commits criminal misconduct shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which shall be not less than one year but which may extend to 7 years and shall also be liable to fine.
Habitual committing of offence under Section 8, 9 and 12 shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which shall be not less than two years but which may extend to 7 years and shall also be liable to fine.

Chapter IV: Investigation

Investigation shall be done by a police officer not below the rank of:

In case of Delhi, of an Inspector of Police.
In metropolitan areas, of an Assistant Commissioner of Police.
Elsewhere, of a Deputy Superintendent of Police or an officer of equivalent rank shall investigate any offence punishable under this Act without the order of a Metropolitan Magistrate or a magistrate of first class, or make any arrest therefore without a warrant.

If a police officer not below the rank of an Inspector of Police is authorized by the State Government in this behalf by general or special order, he may investigate such offence without the order of a Metropolitan Magistrate or Magistrate of First class or make arrest therefor without a warrant.

Provided further that an offence referred to sec 13.1.e shall not be investigated without the order of a police officer not below the rank of a Superintendent of Police. An such investigation without the order of a SP of above rank will be dismissed see Umesh Kumar Choubey vs State of Madhya Pradesh.^[4]

Prominent cases

2G Spectrum Scam

Main article: 2G spectrum scam

Telecom spectrum which is a scarce natural resource of national importance was allotted by UPA government at throwaway prices to companies through corrupt and illegal means. A special CBI is conducting the trial under this act.^[5]^[6]

Ketan Desai

The CBI recently arrested the Medical Council of India's former president Ketan Desai and three others under this act, for allegedly accepting a bribe to permit Patiala-based Gyan Sagar Medical College to recruit a fresh batch of students without having adequate infrastructure.^[7]

References

↑ Mukerjee, Sandeep (1990). Commentaries on the Prevention of Corruption Act (Act No. 49 of 1988). Hind Publishing House.
↑ Dhamija, Dr. Ashok (2009). Prevention of Corruption Act. LexisNexis India. p. 2049. ISBN 9788180385926. Retrieved 13 June 2014.
↑ "Section 4 in The Prevention Of Corruption Act, 1988". Indian Kanoon. Retrieved 29 July 2012.
↑ http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1107113/
↑ "2G trial begins today, ADAG faces court first". The Times Of India. 11 November 2011.
↑ "2G scam: Raja, Kanimozhi and others go on trial today". Ndtv.com. 11 November 2011. Retrieved 14 December 2011.
↑ "Court extends judicial custody of Ketan Desai by 14 days". The Hindu. May 14, 2010. Retrieved May 17, 2010.

External links

Indian Legislations

Constitution of India (amendments) Indian Penal Code CrPC

In Force

Corruption	Benami Transactions Black Money Corruption Lokpal Mines & Minerals Act 2015 Money Laundering Whistle Blowers

Criminal	Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act Armed Forces Tribunal Act, 2007 Arms Act, 1959 Army Act Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013 Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015 National Security Act (India) Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act 2005 Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013

Education	National Institutes of Technology Act, 2007 Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act University Grants Commission Act, 1956

Environment	Biological Diversity Act, 2002 Environment Protection Act, 1986 Indian Forest Act, 1927 National Green Tribunal Act Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights Act, 2001 The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 CAMPA bill Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act

Financial	The High Denomination Bank Notes (Demonetisation) Act, 1978 Aadhaar Act COFEPOSA Depositories Act Expenditure Tax Act, 1987 Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act, 2003 Foreign Contribution Regulation Act Foreign Exchange Management Act Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002 The Income-tax Act, 1961 Indian Stamp Act, 1899 Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code Insurance Act, 1938 National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005 Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 Electricity Act Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016 The Competition Act, 2002 Securities Laws (Amendment) Act, 2014 Street Vendors Act, 2014 Urban Land (Ceiling and Regulation) Act, 1976

Healthcare	Central Council of Homoeopathy Act, 1973 Clinical Establishments Act Dentist Act Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 Drugs and Magic Remedies Act Indian Medical Council Act Mental Health Act, 1987 Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985

Personal	Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act (1956) The Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act Hindu Succession Act, 1956 Special Marriage Act, 1954 The Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act 1986

Social	Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act Consumer Protection Act, 1986 Essential Commodities Act Essential Services Maintenance Act Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act National Food Security Act, 2013 Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act, 1994 Societies' Registration Act The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 Unorganised Workers' Social Security Act Persons With Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection of Rights and Full Participation) Act, 1995

State Laws	Anti-Superstition and Black Magic Act Maharashtra Control of Organised Crime Act The Gujarat Local Authorities Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2009 Puducherry Prevention of Anti-Social Activities Act

State Reorganisation	Chattisgarh Jharkhand Punjab States Telangana Uttarakhand

Terrorism	Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act

Transportation	Aircraft Act Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 National Waterways Act, 2016 Inland Vessels Act Metro Railways Act, 1978 Metro Railway Act, 2002

Organisation / Body	Chartered Accountants Act, 1949 Companies Act 2013 Gram Nyayalayas Act, 2008 Indian Trusts Act, 1882 Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act 1996 Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934

Other	Delimitation Act Enemy Property Act, 1968 Information Technology Act, 2000 Nuclear Liability Act Representation of the People Act, 1951 Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 Right to Information Act, 2005 State Emblem of India (Prohibition of Improper Use) Act, 2005 The Foreigners Act, 1946

Repealed

Pre-Independence	Age of Consent Act, 1891 Criminal Tribes Act Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act, 1856 Land Acquisition Act 1894 Official Secrets Act (India)

Post-Independence	Anti-Copying Act, 1992 Foreign Exchange Regulation Act Gift Tax Act, 1958 Illegal Migrants (Determination by Tribunal) Act, 1983 Interest Tax Act, 1974 Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000 Maintenance of Internal Security Act Prevention of Terrorism Act, 2002 Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act The Gold (Control) Act, 1968 The Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act, 1969 Wealth Tax Act, 1957

Bills

Proposed	Marriage Laws Amendment Bill Road Transport and Safety Bill Uniform civil code Geospatial Information Regulation Bill Gujarat Control of Organised Crime Act Taxation Laws (Second Amendment) Bill, 2016

Lapsed	Women's Reservation Bill

Corruption in India

Anti-corruption activism

Legislation

Existing	Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 Prevention of Money Laundering Act Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act, 1988 Right to Information Act, 2005 The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013 Black Money Act, 2015 Whistle Blowers Protection Act, 2011

Proposed	Right to Recall

Other

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