Qurayba bint Abi Umayya

Qurayba "the Younger" bint Abi Umayya, a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, was in succession a wife of Umar the second Caliph and of Muawiyah I the fifth Caliph.

Biography

Family

She was from the Makhzum clan of the Quraysh tribe in Mecca. Her father, Abu Umayya ibn Al-Mughira,[1]:184 was the chief of Mecca in the early seventh century.[2] Her mother was Atika bint Utbah, a member of the Abdshams clan of the Quraysh. Hence Hind bint Utbah was her maternal aunt[1]:165,184 while Umm Salama was her paternal sister.[3]

First Marriage

She married Umar before 616.[4]:510[5]:92 Umar was concurrently married to Zaynab bint Madhun and to Umm Kulthum bint Jarwal, who had between them five children, while Qurayba was childless.[6]:203-204

Umar converted to Islam in 616.[6]:207 The whole family emigrated to Medina in 622,[4]:218 although Umm Kulthum and Qurayba were still polytheists.[4]:510[7] Quarayba is briefly mentioned in Medina in an incident when she helped to care for her sister Umm Salama's baby.[1]:66

Soon after the Treaty of Hudaybiya in 628, Muhammad announced a revelation that Muslims were ordered to "hold not to the cords of disbelieving women." Accordingly, Umar divorced Umm Kulthum and Qurayba, and they both returned to Mecca.[4]:510[7]

Second Marriage

Qurayba then married her cousin, Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan, "while they were both still polytheists", i.e., before January 630.[7][5]:92 However, Muawiyah also divorced her.

Third Marriage

Later she was courted by Abdul-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr. Aisha negotiated for her brother, and the Makhzum family agreed to the match.[8] Abdul-Rahman and Qurayba had three children: Abdullah, Umm Hakim and Hafsa.[1]:184,302

Abdul-Rahman had a reputation for being "harsh" with women, and the Makhzum family protested his treatment of Qurayba. They claimed that they had only given consent because of Aisha, who now conveyed their concerns to her brother. One day Qurayba exclaimed, "I was warned about you!" and Abdul-Rahman replied, "I will divorce you if you like." She then changed her mind and said, "I will not prefer anyone over Abu Bakr's son." They remained together.[8][1]:184

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Muhammad ibn Saad. Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir vol. 8. Translated by Bewley, A. (1995). The Women of Madina. London: Ta-Ha Publications.
  2. ↑ Guillaume, A. (1960). New Light on the Life of Muhammad, p. 24. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
  3. ↑ Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari. Tarikh al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk. Translated by Landau-Tasseron, E. (1998). Volume 39: Biographies of the Prophet's Companions and Their Successors, pp. 80, 175. Albany: State University of New York Press.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Muhammad ibn Ishaq. Sirat Rasul Allah. Translated by Guillaume, A. (1955). The Life of Muhammad. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  5. 1 2 Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari. Tarikh al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk. Translated by Fishbein, M. (1997). Volume 8: The Victory of Islam. Albany: State University of New York Press.
  6. 1 2 Muhammad ibn Saad. Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir vol. 3. The Companions of Badr. London: Ta-Ha Publishers.
  7. 1 2 3 Bukhari 3:50:891.
  8. 1 2 Malik ibn Anas. Al-Muwatta 29:14.
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