Qusai ibn Kilab

Qusai ibn Kilab ibn Murrah
Born 400
Died 480
Known for Ancestor of Muhammad
Spouse(s) Hubba bint Hulail
Children Abd-al-Dar ibn Qusai (son)
Abd Manaf ibn Qusai (son)
Abd-al-Uzza ibn Qusai
Parent(s) Kilab ibn Murrah (father)
Fatimah bint Sa'd (mother)
Relatives Zuhrah ibn Kilab (brother)

Qusai ibn Kilab ibn Murrah, also known as Qusayy or Kusayy, (Arabic: قصي بن كلاب بن مُرة‎‎; ca. 400 – 480) was the great-grandfather of Shaiba ibn Hashim (Abdul-Mutallib), thus the great-great-great-grandfather of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.[1]

Background

Qusai was born into the Quraysh tribe. His father was Kilab ibn Murrah who died when Qusai was an infant. According to Islamic tradition, he was a descendant of Ibrahim (Abraham) through his son Isma‘il (Ishmael). His elder brother Zuhrah ibn Kilab was the progenitor of the Banu Zuhrah clan. After his father's death his mother Fatimah bint Sa'd ibn Sayl married Rabi‘ah ibn Haram from the Bani Azra tribe, who took her with him to as-Sham where she gave birth to a son called Darraj.[2]

Life in ash-Sham

Qusai grew up treating his step-father, Rabi‘ah, as his father. When a quarrel broke out between Qusai and some members of the tribe of Rabi'ah, they reproached him and betrayed the fact that they never regarded him as one of their own. Qusai complained to his mother after he related to her the reproach he heard, his mother replied “O my son,” she said, “your descent is nobler than theirs, you are the son of Kilab ibn Murrah, and your people live in the proximity of the Holy House in Mecca.” Because of this, Qusai departed from ash-Sham and returned to Mecca.[2]

Life in Mecca

When Qusai came of age, Hulail ibn Hubshiyyah the chief of Banu Khuza'a tribe was the trustee and guardian of the Ka'bah. Soon Qusai asked for and married Hulail's daughter Hubbah. When his father-in-law died after a battle which ended in arbitration, he committed the keys of the Ka‘bah to Hubbah. Hulail preferred Qusai as his successor from his own sons and according to Hulail's will, Qusai got the trusteeship of the Ka‘bah after him.

Qusai brought his nearest of kin of Quraysh, and settled them in the Meccan valley besides the Sanctuary – his brother Zuhrah, his uncle Taym ibn Murrah, the son of another uncle Makhzum ibn Yaqaza, and his other cousins Jumah and Sahm, who were less close.[3] These and their posterity were known as “Quraysh al-Bitah” (Arabic: قـريـش الـبـطـاح‎‎) (Quraysh of the Hollow), whereas his more remote kinsmen settled in the ravines of the surrounding hills and in the countryside beyond and were known as “Quraysh az-Zawahir” (Arabic: قـريـش الـظـواهـر‎‎) (Quraysh of the Outskirts).[4]

Qusai ruled as a King. He reconstructed the Ka‘bah from a state of decay, and made the Arab people build their houses around it. He is known to have built the first “town hall” in the Arabian Peninsula, a spacious dwelling which was known as the House of Assembly. Leaders of different clans met in this hall to discuss their social, commercial, cultural and political problems. Qusai created laws so that pilgrims who went to Mecca were supplied with food and water, which was paid for by a tax that the people paid. He distributed the responsibilities of looking after the visitors during pilgrimage, taking care of the Ka‘bah, warfare, and pacifying amongst myriad tribes living in Mecca.[4]

Qusai had many sons, some of them are ‘Abd, ‘Abd-al-Dar, ‘Abd Manaf and ‘Abd-al-‘Uzza.[4]

It was a marked characteristic of Qusai's line that in each generation there would be one man who was altogether pre-eminent. Among his four sons, ‘Abd Manaf was already honoured in his lifetime. However Qusai preferred his first born, ‘Abd-al-Dar, although he was the least capable of all. Shortly before Qusai's death he invested all his rights, powers, and transferred the ownership of the House of Assembly to ‘Abd-al-Dar.[4]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Ibn Hisham. The Life of the Prophet Muhammad. 1. p. 181.
  2. 1 2 Maqsood, Ruqaiyyah Waris. "The Prophet's Line Family No 3 – Qusayy, Hubbah, and Banu Nadr to Quraysh". Ruqaiyyah Waris Maqsood Dawah. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
  3. ↑ Armstrong, Karen (2001). Muhammad: A Biography of the Prophet. Phoenix. p. 66. ISBN 0946621330.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Lings, Martin (1983). Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources. George Allen & Unwin. p. 6. ISBN 0946621330.
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