Ross Island

For other places with the same name, see Ross Island (disambiguation).
Ross Island

Ross Island, Antarctica. Topographical map, scaled one to two hundred and fifty thousand. Sourced from the United States Geological Survey

Map of Ross Island
Ross Island
Geography
Location Antarctica
Coordinates 77°30′S 168°00′E / 77.500°S 168.000°E / -77.500; 168.000Coordinates: 77°30′S 168°00′E / 77.500°S 168.000°E / -77.500; 168.000
Archipelago Ross Archipelago
Area 2,460 km2 (950 sq mi)
Highest elevation 3,794 m (12,448 ft)
Highest point Mount Erebus
Administration
None
Demographics
Population 100
Additional information
Administered under the Antarctic Treaty System

Ross Island is an island formed by four volcanoes in the Ross Sea near the continent of Antarctica, off the coast of Victoria Land in McMurdo Sound.

Geography

Because of the persistent presence of the ice sheet, the island is sometimes taken to be part of the Antarctic mainland. Its area is 2,460 square kilometres (950 sq mi); only a small portion of the island is free of ice and snow. The planet's southernmost active volcano, Erebus (3,794 m or 12,448 ft), as well as the dormant volcano Terror (3,230 m or 10,597 ft), are situated on the island. They were named by Ross after his ships HMS Erebus and HMS Terror. The third highest elevation is Mount Bird, with Shell Glacier and Endeavour Piedmont Glacier on its slopes. Abbott Peak stands between Mount Erebus and Mount Bird. Gamble Cone stands in the east of the island.[1]

Despite its relatively small size, Ross Island is the world's 6th highest island. It has the highest average elevation of any island.

Landmarks

The Alcorta Rocks (77°30′S 166°22′E / 77.500°S 166.367°E / -77.500; 166.367) is a nunatak on the east shore of Maumee Bight, Ross Island, 2.6 kilometres (1.6 mi) east-northeast of Rocky Point. The feature rises to about 100 metres (330 ft) and is distinctive because three ridges radiate from the center. The rocks were named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names in the year 2000 after Jesse J. Alcorta, a year-round support employee with eight field seasons at McMurdo Station from 1992–93 and many trips to South Pole Station; hazardous waste handling specialist at both McMurdo Station and South Pole Station; and cryogenic technician in support of the United States Antarctic Program laboratories.[2]

Discovery

Sir James Clark Ross discovered it in 1840, and it was later named in honour of him by Robert F. Scott.

Ross Island was the base for many of the early expeditions to Antarctica. It was and still is the southernmost island reachable by sea. Huts built by Scott's and Shackleton's expeditions are still standing on the island, preserved as historical sites.

Today Ross Island is home to New Zealand's Scott Base, and the largest Antarctic settlement, the U.S. Antarctic Program's McMurdo Station. Greenpeace established World Park Base on the island and ran it for five years, from 1987 to 1992.

Claims

Ross Island lies within the boundaries of Ross Dependency.

Wildlife

Ross Island supports a colony of approximately half a million Adélie penguins.

See also

References

  1. ↑ LeMasurier, W. E.; Thomson, J. W., eds. (1990). Volcanoes of the Antarctic Plate and Southern Oceans. American Geophysical Union. p. 512. ISBN 0-87590-172-7.
  2. ↑ Name Details: Alcorta Rocks (New Zealand Gazetteer) AADC
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ross Island.
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 12/1/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.