Saint David's Day

Saint David's

Saint David's Day
Official name Dydd Gŵyl Dewi Sant
Observed by Wales
Welsh people
Welsh diaspora
Anglican Communion
Roman Catholic Church
Type National day in Wales.
Celebrations Children take part in eisteddfodau
Observances Parades
Wearing Welsh emblems
Date 1 March
Next time 1 March 2017 (2017-03-01)
Frequency annual

Saint David's Day (Welsh: Dydd Gŵyl Dewi, Welsh pronunciation: [dɨːð ɡʊɨl ˈdɛui]) is the feast day of Saint David, the patron saint of Wales, and falls on the first day of March, chosen in remembrance of the death of Saint David. Tradition holds that he died on that day in 601.[1] The date was declared a national day of celebration within Wales in the 18th century.

Cross-party support resulted in the National Assembly for Wales voting unanimously to make Saint David's Day a public holiday in 2000. A poll conducted for Saint David's Day in 2006 found that 87% of people in Wales wanted it to be a bank holiday, with 65% prepared to sacrifice a different bank holiday to ensure this.[2] A petition in 2007 to make Saint David's Day a bank holiday was rejected by the office of the British Prime Minister Tony Blair.[3]

Significance of the day

Main article: Saint David

Saint David (Welsh: Dewi Sant) was born towards the end of the 5th century. He was a scion of the royal house of Ceredigion, and founded a Celtic monastic community at Glyn Rhosyn (The Vale of Roses) on the western headland of Pembrokeshire (Welsh: Sir Benfro) at the spot where St David's Cathedral stands today.

David's fame as a teacher and his asceticism spread among Celtic Christians. His foundation at Glyn Rhosin became an important Christian shrine, and the most important centre in Wales. The date of Saint David's death is recorded as 1 March, but the year is uncertain – possibly 601. As his tearful monks prepared for his death Saint David uttered these words: "Brothers be ye constant. The yoke which with single mind ye have taken, bear ye to the end; and whatsoever ye have seen with me and heard, keep and fulfil."

For centuries, 1 March has been a national festival. Saint David was recognised as a national patron saint at the height of Welsh resistance to the Normans. Saint David's Day was celebrated by Welsh diaspora from the late Middle Ages. Indeed, the 17th-century diarist Samuel Pepys noted how Welsh celebrations in London for Saint David's Day would spark wider countercelebrations amongst their English neighbours: life-sized effigies of Welshmen were symbolically lynched,[4] and by the 18th century the custom had arisen of confectioners producing "taffies"—gingerbread figures baked in the shape of a Welshman riding a goat—on Saint David's Day.[5]

Saint David's Day is not a national holiday in the United Kingdom. Similarly in the United States, it has regularly been celebrated, although it is not an official holiday. It is invariably celebrated by Welsh societies throughout the world with dinners, parties, and eisteddfodau (recitals and concerts).

In the poem Armes Prydein (The Prophesy of Britain), composed in the early to mid-tenth century, the anonymous author prophesies that the Cymry (the Welsh people) will unite and join an alliance of fellow-Celts to repel the Anglo-Saxons, under the banner of Saint David: A lluman glân Dewi a ddyrchafant (And they will raise the pure banner of Dewi).[6] Although there were periodic Welsh uprisings in the Middle Ages, the country was briefly united by various Welsh princes before its conquest[7] at different times and it arguably had a very short period of independence during the rising of Owain Glyndwr,[8] but Wales as a whole never experienced a long period as an independent kingdom. Henry Tudor, 2nd Earl of Richmond, who was born in Pembroke Castle and a patrilineal descendant of the Tudor Dynasty of North Wales, became King Henry VII of England after his victory over Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485 to end the Wars of the Roses. Henry's green and white banner with a red dragon, became a rallying cause of Welsh patriotism behind the memory of Saint David on his Feast Day. Henry was the first monarch of the House of Tudor, and during the reign of that dynasty, the royal coat of arms included the Welsh Dragon, a reference to the monarch's origin. The banner from Henry's victory was not adapted to become the official Flag of Wales until 1959. However, the flag of Saint David is a golden cross on a black background and was not part of the symbolism of House of Tudor.

Saint David's Day events

Saint David's Day celebrations, Cardiff Bay 2008
Saint David's Day Celebration, Cardiff Bay 2009

Cardiff

Parades are held around Wales each year to commemorate Saint David, the largest of which in Cardiff. The parade is a non-military celebration of Welsh heritage and culture.[9]

To mark Saint David's Day, and their return from a six-month tour of Afghanistan, soldiers from the Royal Welsh Regiment provided The Changing of the Guard ceremony at Cardiff Castle's south gate on 27 and 28 February 2010.[10]

On 1 March 2010, the seventh National St David's Day Parade took place in Cardiff city centre. Celebrations included concerts, a parade and a food festival. The food festival ran from 26 February with the third annual Really Welsh Food Festival in Queen Street, featuring all-Welsh produce.[11][12] Following the parade, a number of Welsh entertainers performed from a bandstand and in the evening Cardiff Central Library provided free entertainment and food.[12]

Other locations

Public celebrations of Saint David's Day, although still small in number, are becoming more commonplace. In many towns an annual parade through the centre of town is now held. Concerts are held in pubs, clubs, and other venues.

In the town of Colwyn Bay in north Wales, an annual parade through the centre of town is now held with several hundred citizens and schoolchildren taking part. Other events are centred on the parade.[13]

The town of Prestatyn closes the top of the High Street for local schools to participate in Welsh singing and local fundraising.

Swansea inaugurated a St David's Week festival in 2009 with a range of musical, sporting and cultural events held throughout the city to mark the national day.[14]

Disneyland Paris also organises yearly events to celebrate Saint David's Day which include a Welsh-themed week, fireworks, parades and Disney characters dressed in traditional Welsh attire.[15]

The Los Angeles St. David's Day Festival - National Day of Wales is the largest annual event of its kind in the United States encompassing an eisteddfod, Celtic marketplace, classes, and a concert.[16]

Traditions

Water in Swansea Castle Square Fountain dyed red for Saint David's Day

Children in Wales take part in school concerts or eisteddfodau, with recitation and singing being the main activities. Formerly, a half-day holiday was afforded to school children. Officially this custom does not continue, although the practice can vary on a school-to-school basis.

Additionally, various Welsh Regiments of the British Army utilize aspects of Saint David's cross, Saint David himself, or songs of Saint David in their formalities during the celebrations. Many Welsh people wear one or both of the National symbols of Wales to celebrate St. David: the daffodil (a generic Welsh symbol) or the leek (Saint David's personal symbol) on this day. The leek arises from an occasion when a troop of Welsh were able to distinguish each other from a troop of English enemy dressed in similar fashion by wearing leeks.[17] The Younger girls sometimes wear traditional Welsh costumes to school. This costume consists of a long woollen skirt, white blouse, woollen shawl and a Welsh hat.

The flag of Saint David often plays a central role in the celebrations and can be seen flying throughout Wales.

Cawl is frequently prepared and consumed on Saint David's Day.

References

  1. ↑ "Catholic Encyclopedia: ''St. David''". Newadvent.org. Retrieved 2 March 2012.
  2. ↑ Thomas, Guto (1 March 2006). "Poll backs St David's Day holiday". BBC News. Retrieved 1 March 2008.
  3. ↑ "Bank-Holiday – Petition Reply: 'Prime Minister Rejects Petition to Make St David's Day Holiday'". Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
  4. ↑ "Samuel Pepys' Diary 1667". Pepys.info. Retrieved 1 March 2013.
  5. ↑ Simpson, Jacqueline and Steve Roud (2000), Oxford Dictionary of English Folklore, Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 307-8.
  6. ↑ Ifor Williams (ed.), Armes Prydein (University of Wales Press, 1955), line 129.
  7. ↑ Gruffydd ap Llywelyn
  8. ↑ Glyndŵr Rising
  9. ↑ St. David's Day Parade Cardiff-Gorymdaith Gwyl Dewi Sant Caerdydd – Official Site for the St David's Day Parade in Cardiff, Wales
  10. ↑ "Soldiers Go Marching On for St David's Day". WalesOnline. 1 March 2010. Retrieved 2 March 2010.
  11. ↑ "Cardiff's St David's Day Celebrations". WalesOnline. 12 February 2010. Retrieved 2 March 2010.
  12. 1 2 "Sun Shines on St David's Day Parade". WalesOnline. 2 March 2010. Retrieved 2 March 2010.
  13. ↑ youtube.com Video of 2007 Colwyn Bay St. David's Day Parade
  14. ↑ "St David's Week in Swansea". Saintdavidsday.com. Archived from the original on 6 October 2011. Retrieved 2 March 2012.
  15. ↑ "St. David's Welsh Festival Celebrations Disneyland Paris". Enterthemagic.com. Archived from the original on 28 January 2013. Retrieved 1 March 2013.
  16. ↑ "The 2013 Los Angeles St David's Festival – National Day of Wales - Welsh Icons News". Welshicons.org.uk. 12 April 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2013.
  17. ↑ "Dydd Dewi Sant". Davidmorgan.com. Retrieved 1 March 2013.
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