Santiago Tequixquiac

Santiago Tequixquiac
Municipal Seat

Town of Santiago Tequixquiac

Seal
Coordinates: 19°54′35″N 99°8′30″W / 19.90972°N 99.14167°W / 19.90972; -99.14167
Founded 1168
Municipal Status 1820
Area
 • Total 10.83 km2 (4.18 sq mi)
Elevation (of seat) 2,100 m (6,900 ft)
Population (2010)
 • Seat 22,676
Time zone CST (UTC-6)
Postal code (of seat) 55650
Website http://www.tequixquiac.gob.mx/

Santiago Tequixquiac or Tequixquiac (Otomi: Mbixe), is a town and municipal seat from municipality of Tequixquiac in the State of Mexico, in Mexico. As of 2010, the village had a total population of 22,676.[1]

Geography

The town of Santiago Tequixquiac, a municipal seat and urban place most populated in the municipality. The town is divided in four barrios (neighborhood.) and one colonia ejidal (Agricultural colony).[2]

The Gran Canal de Desagüe de Ciudad de México is an artificial channel that crossing by Santiago Tequixquiac and connect with natural rivers, at gun port channel (lumbrera La Cinco) is open without tunnel. Other small river is Río Salado de Hueypoxtla this same cross the urban place, is using for irrigation growing lands.

The municipal seat is on a small hill named El Vije (Mbixe), Taxdho hill and Gumisha hill (B'omitsa) to an elongated north valley.

History

The area has been populated for at least the past 12,000 years b.C., according to archeological artifacts found in this area. Humans were most likely drawn here due to the location's abundance of streams and springs, they raised animals and kept up fruits and vegetables.[3]

Paying Tribute Codex from Hueypoxtla province.

The foundation of the town itself dates to 1168 A.C. by the Chichimecas. Historical records show that the town was dominated by the Toltecs and the Tepanecas as well as the Aztecs. The Aztecs were the last to take control, this region was named Teotlalpan, after Chimalpopoca conquered the area in 1415. Tequixquiac remained in the Tepaneca district of the Aztec Empire under the authority of the lord of Tacuba, paying tribute to him at Hueypoxtla. The town kept its chiefs, now loyal to the Aztecs, one of the last of which was Acalmiztli, who supposedly was very respected among his subjects. The inhabitants of pre-Conquest Tequixquiac were known for their strict honor code and being advanced in medicine, education, architecture, and civil engineering.[3]

After the fall of the Aztec empire to the Spanish, Hernán Cortés awarded the town and the area around it as an encomiendas to two conquistadors: Martín López, who constructed the brigantines that helped destroy Tenochtitlan and Andrés Núñez. In this town along with Apaxco and Hueypoxtla, lime began to be extracted using Indian forced labor. Indian families were displaced off their lands in 1552 by Francisco López de Tlaltzintlale to make way for more Spanish settlers and new Christians from Spain and Portugal. The viceregal government justified this via religious means. They had the Franciscans build new chapels built on the various encomiendas and settled the Indians around these. One of these chapels was the Temple of Santiago Tequixquiac, which had authority over the new villages of San Mateo Hueycalco, San Sebastián Tlalachco, and others. This temple was constructed in 1569, and became a formal parish in 1590.[3]

19th century and 20th century

otomi people in the production of pulque.

During a drought, a sculpture of the "Señor de la Capilla" (Our Lord of the Chapel) was brought over to Tequixquiac from Apaxco. When the drought broke, the image was not returned, presumably because it was made of fiber and had grown too heavy to carry. From then on, it has stayed in this town and many miracles have been attributed to it. The parish's vault was constructed in 1856.[3]

The first school in the town was built in 1856 in the San Miguelito neighborhood by Narciso Vargas.[3]

In the 20th century, the production of pulque was economically important here, with the Hacienda of San Sebastián being the major producer. A railway to connect Mexico City with the rest of the country was built through here in 1917 on what is now Alfredo del Mazo street, but was dismantled for political reason in 1945.[3]

21th century and present

Meeting for more security and no civil deaths by organized crime, 2011.

The town of Santiago Tequixquiac became urbanized as part of the Mexico City Metropolitan Area starting in the 1950s with urban problems now,[3] this urban sectors named agricultural colonies and new colonies at neighborhoods is the answer by Mexican Revolution for the redistribution of agricultural land, these new colonies have got many problems, the land propriety is very complicated, no urban planning, no security, no municipal services as water, lighting web, cleaning garbage service or pavement on the streets. In these places have got a growing demographic no planning and poverty on natural places or agricultural lands.

Santiago Tequixquiac hasn't united with other towns, has got many farms and growing land between other urban areas, but has arrived here more people come from others places. The native people has got vulnerability with an organized crime and narcotrafic cartels with impunity in the municipal government and policy.[4]

Government and administrative divisions

  Barrio de El Refugio
  Barrio de San José
  Barrio de San Mateo
  Barrio de San Miguel
  Barrio de Santiago (Downtown)
  Colonia Adolfo López Mateos

As a municipal capital or municipal seat of Tequixquiac, Santiago Tequixquiac is the seat of the municipal government, known as the Ayuntamiento municipal.

Neighborhoods

Since 1999, the town has been divided into 5 administrative barrios (in Spanish),[2] each neighborhood has got colonies or seccions:

Neighborhood Colonies
Santiago Santiago Tequixquiac Downtown
San José San José Downtown, San Francisco Pueblo Nuevo, Taxdho, El Crucero
San Mateo San Mateo Downtown, Gumisha, El Vije, Deportiva, El Sol, El Cenicero
San Miguel San Miguel Downtown, Prados, El Jagüey, La Tres, La Nopalera, La Media Luna
El Refugio El Refugio Downtown, El Tajo, Palo Grande

The neighborhoods (barrios) are based mostly on historical divisions, and several are former villages annexed by the town seat of Santiago Tequixquiac since Spanish colonial period in New Spain by religious administrative government. Each neighborhood has its own council led by a councilor (presidente del concejo in Spanish), also named COPACI concejo de participación ciudadana or Civil Participative Council. The composition of each neighborhood council depends on the number of votes each political civil parties (planillas in Spanish).

Agricultural colonies

Since 1999, the city has been divided into 2 administrative Agricultural colonies (colonias ejidales in Spanish),[2] is urban sectors consolidated in XX century on communal land by farmer's son homes :

Agricultural colony
Colonia Adolfo López Mateos
Colonia Wenceslao Labra

The Agricultural colonies (colonias ejidales) are based mostly on communal land divisions over neighborhood pad or way, and several are former urban sectors annexed by the town seat of Santiago Tequixquiac since 1960. Each Agricultural colony has its own communal sheriff (comisariado ejidal in Spanish), also the colony people use the COPACI concejo de participación ciudadana or Civil Participative Council. The composition of each colony council depends on the number of votes each political civil parties (planillas in Spanish).

Culture

Historical monuments

Santiago Tequixquiac Downtown.

References

  1. ↑ "División municipal. Tequixquiac, Estado de México" [Municipal division. State of Mexico] (in Spanish). SEDESOL. 2010. Retrieved 19 March 2012.
  2. 1 2 3 Bando municipal de Tequixquiac
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Enciclopedia de los Municipios de Mexico Estado de Mexico Tequixquiac" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on May 27, 2007. Retrieved 2008-11-27.
  4. ↑ Zumpango.net
  5. ↑ Historic landmark in Tequixquiac (Spanish).
  6. ↑
  7. ↑
  8. ↑ El Universal.
  9. ↑
  10. ↑

Bibliography

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