Schottenkirche, Vienna

Schottenkirche

Schottenkirche, Freyung, Vienna
Shown within Austria
Basic information
Location Vienna, Austria
Geographic coordinates 48°12′43″N 16°21′53″E / 48.2119°N 16.3647°E / 48.2119; 16.3647Coordinates: 48°12′43″N 16°21′53″E / 48.2119°N 16.3647°E / 48.2119; 16.3647
Affiliation Catholic Church
Leadership P. Nikolaus Poch o.s.b[1]
Website www.schottenpfarre.at
Architectural description
Architectural type Church,[2] Basilica Minor
Architectural style Baroque
Direction of façade W
Length 55 m[3]
Width 25 m[3]
Width (nave) 15 m[3]

The Schottenkirche (English: Scottish Church) is a parish church in Vienna attached to the Schottenstift, founded by Hiberno-Scottish Benedictine monks in the 12th century. In 1418, the Duke Albert V of Austria transferred it to the German-speaking Benedictine monks from the Melk Abbey during the Melker Reform initiated after the Council of Constance.[4] The church has been elevated to the rank of Basilica Minor in 1958.

The Schottenkirche is located in the Freyung in the first district of Vienna's Innere Stadt.

History

Scottish and Irish missionaries (Iro-Scottish, Hiberno-Scottish) were instrumental in the spread of Christianity in Continental Europe during the Middle Ages.[5] Of special importance in Austria is Saint Koloman of Stockerau (of Melk) killed near Vienna in 1012. This Iro-Scottish monk of royal lineage killed at Stockerau while on pilgrimage to Jerusalem has been patron saint of Austria until 1663.

During the 11th and the 12th century, Scottish Monasteries intended for Scottish and Irish monks exclusively sprang up. The famous Scottish Monastery of St. Jacob at Ratisbon was built around 1090 by Burgrave Otto of Ratisbon in Ratisbon became the mother-house of a series of other Scots Monasteries, among which the Our Blessed Lady at Vienna built in 1158.

Exterior

The first church was a three-aisled Romanesque pillar church with a single apse, destroyed by a fire in 1276.

An earthquake circa 1443 greatly damaged the existing church on the site. Restorations were completed by 1449 but poorly done, due to lack of money, and on 21 May 1634, the roof collapsed in full view of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor.

The collapse of the tower, struck by a lightning bolt in 1638, was seized as an opportunity to completely rebuild the church in Baroque style. From 1638–1641, the reconstruction was undertaken by the architects by Carlo Antonio Carlone and Marco Spazzio. From 1643–1648, Andrea Allio the Old, Andrea Allio the Young and Silvestro Carlone reworked the nave and the west side.[6][7][8] In the process, the length of the church was somewhat reduced, with the result that the tower no longer stands directly beside the basilica.

After the Turkish siege, the church was restored again. As the baroque west tower was barely higher than the facade itself, its extension has often been discussed, but these plans have never come to fruition. The choir tower was dedicated only in the year 1893.

Interior

View of the Freyung and the Schottenkirche, painted by Canaletto in 1758
Interior of the Schottenkirche.

Inside, the church is now in high-baroque style with several chapels. Joachim von Sandrart provided the church with a new altar-piece, which today is kept in the prelates' hall.

Between 1883–1889, the high altar was built after sketches of Heinrich Ferstel, with Innsbruck glass mosaics by Michael Riese. Julius Schmid (Austrian, 1854–1935) was artist for the fine ceiling paintings.

Trivia

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ "Official Website of the Schottenkirche".
  2. ↑ "Pfarre Unsere Liebe Frau zu den Schotten" (in German). Erzdiözese Wien. Retrieved 11–12 2007. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  3. 1 2 3 Estimated from satellite images provided by Google Earth
  4. ↑ Niederkorn-Bruck, Meta (1994). Die Melker Reform im Spiegel der Visitationen. Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag. p. 262. ISBN 3-486-64830-6.
  5. ↑ The Latin term Scotti refers to certain Gaelic-speaking people of western Scotland and Ireland (Hibernia). In early medieval times Ireland was known, not only as Éire, but also as Scotia as well as Hibernia, the Roman name for Ireland. By late Medieval times it referred more exclusively to what is now Scotland.
  6. ↑ Storch, Maria-Luise. "Andrea Allio der Ältere". Italien Artists in Austria (in German). Retrieved 2007-11-19.
  7. ↑ Storch, Maria-Luise. "Andrea Allio der Jüngere". Italien Artists in Austria (in German). Retrieved 2007-11-19.
  8. ↑ Menin, Patrizia. "Silvestro Carlone". Italien Artists in Austria (in German). Retrieved 2007-11-19.

References

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