Serb diaspora

Serb diaspora (Serbian: Српска дијаспора / Srpska dijaspora) refers to the diaspora communities of ethnic Serbs. It is not to be confused with Serbian diaspora, which refers to migrants, regardless of ethnicity, from Serbia. Due to generalization in censuses outside former Yugoslavia to exclude ethnicity, the total number of the Serb diaspora population cannot be known by certainty. It is estimated that 2–3 million Serbs live outside former Yugoslavia.

Migrational waves

There were several waves of Serbian emigration:

• First wave took place since the end of 19th century and lasted until World War II and was caused by economic reasons; particularly large numbers of Serbs (mainly from peripheral ethnic areas such as Herzegovina, Montenegro, Dalmatia, and Lika) emigrated to the United States.
• Second wave took place after the end of the World War II. At this time, members of royalist Chetniks and other political opponents of communist regime fled the country mainly going overseas (United States and Australia) and, to a lesser degree, United Kingdom.
• Third, and by far the largest wave, was economic emigration started in the 1960s when several Western European countries signed bilateral agreements with Yugoslavia allowing the recruitment of industrial workers to those countries, and lasted until the end of the 1980s. Main destinations were West Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, and to a lesser extent France and Sweden. That generation of diaspora is collectively known as gastarbajteri, after German gastarbeiter, "guest-worker", since most of the emigrants headed for German-speaking countries.
• Most recent emigration took place during the 1990s, and was caused by both political and economic reasons. The Yugoslav wars caused many Serbs from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina to leave their countries in the first half of the 1990s. The international economic sanctions imposed on Serbia caused economic collapse with an estimated 300,000 people leaving Serbia during that period, 20% of which had a higher education.^[1][2]

Serb diaspora by states

List of countries and territories by ethnic Serb population

Country	Estimation	Official data^[a]	Notes
Germany	500,000 (2014 government est.[3]); older estimations: 700,000 (2009,[4] 2012[5]); 800,000 (January 2012)[6]	N/A	See also Serbs in Germany.
Austria	300,000 (2008,[7] 2010,[8] January 2012[6])	N/A	See also Serbs in Austria.
United States	1,000,000 (January 2012)[6]	187,739 (2010)[9]^[b]	See also Serbs in the United States.
Switzerland	150,000 (2000);[10] 200,000 (January 2012)[6]	N/A	See also Serbs in Switzerland.
Sweden	110,000 (2011,[11] January 2012[6]); 120,000 (2015);[12] and 140,000 (2011).[13]	N/A	See also Serbs in Sweden.
Canada	100,000–125,000 (2008);[14] 250,000 (January 2012)[6]^[b]	80,320 (2011)	See also Serbs in Canada.
France	120,000 (2002,[15] January 2012)[6]	N/A	See also Serbs in France.
United Kingdom	70,000 (2001, Serbian Embassy[16]); 80,000 (January 2012)[6]	N/A	See also Serbs in the United Kingdom.
Italy	70,000 (January 2012)[6]	N/A	See also Serbs in Italy.
Australia	130,000 (January 2012)[6]	69,544 (2011)[17]^[c]	See also Serbs in Australia.
Benelux	50,000 (January 2012)[6]	N/A	See also Serbs in Belgium, Netherlands and Luxembourg.
Argentina	7,000 (January 2012);[6] 30,000 (ancestry)[18]	N/A	See also Serbs in South America
South Africa	20,000 (2012);[19] 25,000 (January 2012)[6]	N/A	See also Serbs in South Africa
Romania	23,000 (January 2012)[6]	18,076 (2011)[20]	See also Serbs in Romania.
Greece	15,000 (January 2012)[6]	N/A	See also Serbs in Greece.
Hungary	10,000 (January 2012)[6]	7,210 (2011)[21]	See also Serbs in Hungary.
Spain	7,000 (January 2012)[6]	N/A	See also Serbs in Spain.
Russia	60,000 (January 2012)[6]	3,510 (2015)[22]	See also Serbs in Russia.
New Zealand	7,000 (January 2012)[6]	1,059 (2013)[23]	See also Serbs in New Zealand.
Chile	7,000 (January 2012)[6]	N/A	See also Serbs in South America.
Brazil	6,000 (January 2012)[6]	N/A	See also Serbs in South America.
Slovakia	3,600 (2014)[24]	N/A	See also Serbs in Slovakia
Mexico	1,000 (January 2012)[6]	N/A	See also Serbs in South America.
Venezuela	1,000 (January 2012)[6]	N/A	See also Serbs in South America.
Zambia	24 families (May 2009)[25]	N/A	See also Serbs in Africa.

See also

• Serbian diaspora
• Office for Cooperation with the Diaspora and Serbs in the Region

Annotations

1. ^ If the governmental statistics agency includes ethnicity (or ethnic ancestry) of nationals (citizens) in censuses.
2. ^ The number of people of Serb descent in North America is higher, as people who identify as having Yugoslav ancestry (310,682 in the U.S.,^[26] 48,320 in Canada^[27]) are mostly of Serb origin.^[28]
3. ^ The Australian census records both Australian citizens by ethnicity/ethnic ancestry (69,544 of "Serbian ancestry") and foreign-born nationals (20,267 Serbian-born). The number of people of Serb descent in Australia is higher. The Serb community in the country has urged people of Serb descent to answer clearly on the censuses, following the decrease in numbers;^[29] the census in 2006 counting 95,362 Australians of "Serbian ancestry" (-27.1%).^[30]

References

1. "Serbia seeks to fill the '90s brain-drainage gap". EMG.rs. 5 September 2008. Archived from the original on May 29, 2012.
2. "Survey S&M 1/2003". Yugoslav Survey.
3. Lopušina 2014, "PODACI Saveznog ureda za migraciju i izbeglice govore da u Nemačkoj živi oko pola miliona Srba. Državljanstvo matične države ima 350.000, a oko 150.000 nemačko.".
4. "Srbi u Nemačkoj". Zentralrat der Serben in Deutschland. 2009. Samo u Nemačkoj živi oko 700.000 Srba, delom s nemačkim državljanstvom. U Nemačkoj se time koncentriše najveći broj srpskih doseljenika i njihovih potomaka novijeg vremena van Srbije.
5. "Sloga gradi krovnu organizaciju Srba". Vesti. 2012-12-19. Dragana Bubulj, buduća doktorantkinja na Univerzitetu u Ludvigzburgu, iznela je zanimljive podatke o migratornom kretanju Srba i pozadinu fenomena "gastarbajter". Tako se čulo da ima 700.000 Srba u Nemačkoj
6. Bilbija, Bojan (2013-12-29), Dijaspora može da promeni Srbiju, Politika, procenjeno brojno stanje u januaru 2012 [estimation in January 2012]
7. "Serben-Demo eskaliert in Wien". 20 Minuten Online. 2008.
8. "Srbi u Austriji traže status nacionalne manjine". Blic. 2010-10-02. "Srba u Austriji ima oko 300.000, po brojnosti su drugi odmah iza Austrijanaca i više ih je od Slovenaca, Mađara i Gradištanskih Hrvata zajedno, koji po državnom ugovoru iz 1955. godine imaju status nacionalne manjine u Austriji", navodi se u saopštenju.
9. "Total ancestry categories tallied for people with one or more ancestry categories reported – 2010 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 30 November 2012.
10. (PDF). SAEZ. 2000 http://www.saez.ch/pdf/2000/2000-47/2000-47-669.PDF. Missing or empty |title= (help)
11. Palić, Svetlana (17 July 2011). "Četiri miliona Srba našlo uhlebljenje u inostranstvu". Blic. Švedskoj (110.000)
12. "Sverige vill öppna Serbienförhandlingar" (in Swedish). SvD. 2015-02-02. Det bor cirka 120 000 serber i Sverige.
13. Ranko Pivljanin (2011-11-24). "Orlovi vladaju Švedskom". Blic.
14. "Srbi u Kanadi". Srpska Dijaspora. 2008. Smatra se da bi realno moglo biti 100.000 do 125.000 Srba u Kanadi.
15. Mediaspora (2002). "Rezultat istrazivanja o broju Srpskih novinara i medija u svetu". Srpska dijaspora. FRANCUSKA - 120 hiljada Srba
16. "So, just how many Serbs live in Britain? Britić figures defy census figures of 2001.". Ebritic.com. June 3, 2011.
17. "The People of Australia - Statistics from the 2011 Census" (PDF). Department of Immigration and Border Protection. 2014: 59. ISBN 978-1-920996-23-9. Ancestry
18. "'Our' diaspora in Argentina: Historical overview and preliminary research" (PDF). doi:10.2298/GEI1301119S. На територији Републике Аргентине данас живи око 30 000² људи српског и црногорског порекла, већим делом са простора данашње Црне Горе и Хрватске, а мањим делом из Србије и Босне и Херцеговине.
19. "Afrika i Srbija na vezi". Blic. 26 Dec 2012. Od oko 20 000 Srba
20. "Tab11. Populaţia stabilă după etnie şi limba maternă, pe categorii de localităţi". Rezultate definitive_RPL_2011. Institutul Naţional de Statistică. 2011. Retrieved 2014-04-17.
21. "Hungarian Census 2011". Központi Statisztikai Hivatal (KSH). 2011. Retrieved 2016-03-25.
22. "1. НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ СОСТАВ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ" (PDF). Russian Federal State Statistics Service. 2010. Retrieved 2015-04-02.
23. "Ethnic group". 2013 census. Statistics New Zealand.
24. Lopušina 2014, "U Slovačkoj se, prema policijskim podacima momentalno nalazi 2.784 naših ljudi, koji su tu zbog spajanja rodbine, studiranja, rada ili nekog drugog razloga i još 800 ljudi srpskog porekla - tvrdi Stane Ribič, predsednik udruženja Srba u Slovačkoj.".
25. "First pastoral visit to Serbs in Zambia". SPC. 29 May 2009.
26. http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_12_1YR_B04003&prodType=table
27. "2011 National Household Survey: Data tables". 2.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2014-04-17.
28. Powell, John (2009). Encyclopedia of North American Immigration. Infobase Publishing. p. 267. ISBN 978-1-4381-1012-7.
29. http://www.rts.rs/page/rts/sr/Dijaspora/story/1518/vesti/2408157/apel-srbima-u-australiji-da-se-na-predstojecem-popisu-etnicki-jasno-odrede.html. Missing or empty |title= (help)
30. "2013" (PDF): 59.

Sources

• Lopušina, M. (May 2014). "Svaki drugi Srbin živi izvan Srbije". Novosti.