Amateur pornography

"Sex tape" redirects here. For other uses, see Sex tape (disambiguation).

Amateur pornography is a category of pornography that features models, actors or non-professionals performing without pay, or actors for whom this material is not their only paid modeling work. Reality pornography is professionally made porn which seeks to emulate the style of amateur pornography.[1] Amateur porn has been called one of the most profitable and long-lasting genres of pornography.[2]

History

Photographs

The introduction of Polaroid cameras in the 1960s allowed true amateurs to self-produce pornographic photography immediately and without the need for sending them to a film processor, who might have reported them as violations of obscenity laws.[2] One of the more significant increases in amateur pornographic photography came with the advent of the internet, image scanners, digital cameras, and more recently camera phones. These have enabled people to take private photos and then share the images almost instantly, without the need for expensive distribution, and this has resulted in an ever growing variety and quantity of material.[2] It has also been argued that in the Internet age it has become more socially acceptable to make and view amateur porn.[2] Starting in the 1990s, pornographic images were shared and exchanged via online services such as America Online (AOL).[3] Photo sharing sites such as Flickr and social networking sites such as MySpace have also been used to share amateur pornographic photographs - usually nudes but also hardcore photos. A more private and easy to control method of sharing photos is through Yahoo or Google Groups which have access restricted to group members.

Recently it has come to attention the potential dangers to teenagers or children, who may be unaware of the consequences, using their Camera phones to make videos and images which are then shared amongst their friends (see Sexting).[2] Images initially meant to be shared between couples can now be spread around the world.[2] The result is now a small but growing amount of online amateur porn depicting underage models, created by the young people themselves.[2]

Home movies and videos

Before the advent of camcorders and VHS tapes couples had to film themselves using Super 8 film which then had to be sent for film processing. This was both expensive and risky as the processing laboratory might report the film to the police depending on their local laws.

Amateur pornography began to rapidly increase in the 1980s, with the camcorder revolution, when people began recording their sex lives and watching the results on VCRs.[2] These home movies were initially shared for free, often under the counter at the local video store.[4] Homegrown Video was the first company to release and distribute these types of amateur adult videos commercially.[5] They were established in 1982, and AVN magazine ranked Homegrown Video #1 among the 50 most influential adult titles ever made because it resulted in the creation of the amateur pornography genre in adult video.[6] Several people who sent their tapes to Homegrown Video became professional porn stars, including Stephanie Swift, Melissa Hill, Rayveness,[7] and Meggan Mallone[8] In 1991, in response to a Boston Globe investigation, video store proprietors reported that between 20 and 60% of video rentals and sales were of adult amateur home video films.[9]

One highly publicized case was that of Kathy Willets and her husband Jeffrey 1991. Jeffrey was a deputy sheriff in Broward County, Florida who had recorded his "nymphomaniac" wife's sexual exploits with up to eight men a day.[10] Unfortunately, he was charging up to $150 an hour and had also taped some significant local figures and so the two were arrested and charged with prostitution. Ellis Rubin acted as defense council and contended that Willets' nymphomania was caused by the use of Prozac. In the end, they pleaded guilty and both were convicted, although Kathy has gone on to a career in the adult film industry.[11]

The term 'realcore' has been used to describe digital amateur porn, which arose due to the combination of cheap digital cameras and the World Wide Web in the late 90s. The term refers both to how porn is made, with simple cameras and a documentary style, and how it is distributed, mostly for free, in web communities or Usenet newsgroups. The term was invented by Sergio Messina, who first used it at the Ars Electronica Symposium in 2000, and was subsequently adopted by a number of authors and experts. Messina has written a book on the subject, entitled Realcore, the digital porno revolution.[12][13]

Amateur porn has also influenced the rise of the celebrity sex tape, featuring stars like Pamela Anderson, Paris Hilton, and Kim Kardashian.[7] The increase of free amateur porn "tube sites" has allowed homemade films to be uploaded across multiple tube sites on the internet.[2]

Literature - sex stories

The internet has also affected amateur authors sharing their pornographic stories. Text is much easier to disseminate than images and so from the early 1990s amateurs were contributing stories to usenet groups such as alt.sex.stories and also to online repositories. While most commercial sites charge for image content, story content is usually free to view and is funded by pop-up or banner advertising. Story submission and rating depends on registration as a user, but this is also usually free. Example sites include Literotica, True Dirty Stories and Lust Library.

Revenge porn

Main article: Revenge porn

The advent of amateur and self-produced pornography has given rise to civil suits and newly identified and defined criminal activity. So called "revenge porn" gained awareness in the late 2000s in the press through initial lawsuits by victims who had images and video of them either nude or in intimate acts posted on the internet.[14][15][16][17]

Minors

If the video or images in question are of individuals who are minors, including material created by the subject (ex. selfies, etc.), investigation by law enforcement can lead to charges for child pornography[18] as has happened in cases involving sexting.[19][20]

User-generated online content

Main article: Porn 2.0

Like traditional magazine and VHS/DVD-based pornography, Internet pornography has long been a profitable venture. However, with the rise of Web 2.0 ventures and amateur pornography, websites based upon the YouTube platform of user-generated content and video sharing have become highly popular. By January 2008 a search for "porn" and "tube" returned 8.3 million results on Yahoo and 8.5 million on MSN.[21] (By October 2012 searches for "porn" and "tube" returned 1420 million results on Google, and 293 million results on Google images.) Video hosting service "tube" websites feature free user-uploaded amateur pornography,[21] and have become the most visited pornography websites on the internet.

Since the content of these websites is entirely free and of reasonably high quality, and because most of the videos are full-length instead of short clips, these websites have sharply cut in to the profits of pornographic paysites and traditional magazine and DVD-based pornography.[21][22] The profits of tube-site owners are also squeezed in an increasingly crowded market, with the number of sites constantly growing.[21]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Robert Clyde Allen; Annette Hill (2004). The television studies reader. Routledge. p. 565. ISBN 0-415-28323-X.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Stephen Yagielowicz (2008-08-09). "The New Face of Amateur Porn". XBIZ. Archived from the original on 19 June 2009. Retrieved 2009-06-06.
  3. ↑ Smith, Greg B. (September 24, 1996). "NEW ROCHELLE MAN FACING CYBERSEX RAP". New York Daily News. Retrieved 29 November 2014.
  4. ↑ News.google.com
  5. ↑ "Homegrown Video's President Spills His Seed". AVN Online. Retrieved 14 November 2012.
  6. ↑ Warren, Peter. "Pure Play Brings Homegrown Classics to DVD for First Time". AVN Online. Retrieved 14 November 2012.
  7. 1 2 Rodger Jacobs (2006-01-03). "Watchersweb". XBIZ. Archived from the original on 7 June 2009. Retrieved 2009-06-06.
  8. ↑ Warren, Peter. "Meggan Mallone Featured in Homegrown's 'Chronicles of Hornia'". AVN Online. Retrieved 14 November 2012.
  9. ↑ News.google.com
  10. ↑ Washington Times Sept 14th 1991
  11. ↑ IMDb.com
  12. ↑ Jacobs, Katrien (2007). "DIY Web Culture and Sexual Politics 0742554317 ISBN 978-0-7425-5431-3". Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
  13. ↑ Jacobs, Katrien; Pasquinelli, Matteo; Jannsen, Marie (2007). "C'lick Me - A Netporn Studies Reader ISBN 978-90-78146-03-2". Institute of Network Cultures.
  14. ↑ Camille Dodero,“Gary Jones” Wants Your Nudes, The Village Voice (May 16, 2012)].
  15. ↑ Danielle K. Citron, ‘Revenge porn’ should be a crime, CNN Opinion (Aug. 30, 2013).
  16. ↑ Emily Bazelon,Why Do We Tolerate Revenge Porn?, Slate (Sept. 25, 2013).
  17. ↑ Eric Larson, It's Still Easy to Get Away With Revenge POrn, Mashable (Oct. 21, 2013).
  18. ↑ "Sexting teens can go too far". Philadelphia News. 2008-12-14. Retrieved 2014-03-27.
  19. ↑ Seidman, Karen. "Child pornography laws 'too harsh' to deal with minors sexting photos without consent, experts say". National Post News - Canada. Retrieved 27 March 2014.
  20. ↑ Matyszczyk, Chris. "Teen charged with child porn for allegedly tweeting nude selfies". Cnet.com. Retrieved 27 March 2014.
  21. 1 2 3 4 Jett Lynn (2008-04-12). "The Deal with User-Generated Content". XBIZ. Archived from the original on 19 June 2009. Retrieved 2009-06-06.
  22. ↑ Swartz, Jon (2007-06-12). "Purveyors of porn scramble to keep up with Internet". USA Today.
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