Silex

Silex /ˈsaɪlɛks/ is any of various forms of ground stone. In modern contexts the word refers to a finely ground, nearly pure form of silica or silicate.

In the late 16th century, it meant powdered or ground up "flints" (i.e. stones, generally meaning the class of "Hard Rocks") ^[1]

It was later used in 1787 when describing experiments in a published paper by Antoine Lavoisier where such earths are mentioned as the source of his isolation of the element silicon. Silex is now most commonly used to describe finely ground silicates used as pigments in paint.

Archaic and foreign uses

• The word "silex" was previously used to refer to flint and chert and sometimes other hard rocks.
• In Latin "silex" originally referred to any hard rock, although now it often refers specifically to flint.^[2]
• In many Latin languages, "silex" or a similar word is used to refer to flint. Although the modern English word "silex" has the same etymology, its current meaning has changed. These are false friends.

References

1. Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1), Origin: 1585–95; < L silex, s. silic- hard stone, flint, boulder]
2. Vitruvius De Arch 1.5.8.5 http://latin.packhum.org/loc/1056/1/9/4230-4235