Simeon Solomon

A photograph by David Wilkie Wynfield of Solomon in oriental costume

Simeon Solomon (9 October 1840 – 14 August 1905) was an English Pre-Raphaelite painter noted for his depictions of Jewish life[1] and same-sex desire.[2][3]

Biography

Sappho and Erinna in a Garden at Mytilene, 1864
Watercolour on paper, Tate Britain

Solomon was born into a prominent Jewish family. He was the eighth and last child born to merchant Michael (Meyer) Solomon and artist Catherine (Kate) Levy. Solomon was a younger brother to fellow painters Abraham Solomon (1824–1862) and Rebecca Solomon (1832–1886).

Born and educated in London, Solomon started receiving lessons in painting from his older brother around 1850. He started attending Carey's Art Academy in 1852. His older sister first exhibited her works at the Royal Academy during the same year.

As a student at the Royal Academy Schools, Solomon was introduced through Dante Gabriel Rossetti to other members of the Pre-Raphaelite circle, as well as the poet Algernon Charles Swinburne and the painter Edward Burne-Jones in 1857. His first exhibition was at the Royal Academy in 1858. He continued to hold exhibitions of his work at the Royal Academy between 1858 and 1872. In addition to the literary paintings favoured by the Pre-Raphaelite school, Solomon's subjects often included scenes from the Hebrew Bible and genre paintings depicting Jewish life and rituals. His association with Swinburne led to his illustrating Swinburne's Lesbia Brandon in 1865.[4]

In 1873 his career was cut short when he was arrested in a public urinal at Stratford Place Mews, off Oxford Street, in London and charged with attempting to commit sodomy: he was fined £100.[5] He was arrested again in 1874 in Paris, after which he was sentenced to spend three months in prison.[5][6][7][8]

After his prosecutions he no longer exhibited, but achieved a degree of celebrity amongst those who shared his sensibilities : Oscar Wilde, John Addington Symonds, Count Eric Stenbock, and Walter Pater all collected his works.[9]

In 1884 he was admitted to the workhouse where he continued to produce work; however, his life and talent were blighted by alcoholism. Twenty years later in 1905, he died from complications brought on by his alcoholism. He was buried at the Jewish Cemetery in Willesden.

Examples of his work are on permanent display at the Victoria and Albert Museum and at Leighton House. Retrospectives of his work have been held at the Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery in 2005-6, and in London at the Ben Uri Gallery in 2006.

Exhibitions

1906

1907

1908

1913

1923

1934

1946

1985

1964

1965

1966

1985

2001

2002

2005

2006

2008

2010

In literature

In Oscar Wilde's long prison letter to Lord Alfred Douglas, De Profundis, Wilde writes of his bankruptcy: “That all my charming things were to be sold: my Burne-Jones drawings: my Whistler drawings: my Monticelli: my Simeon Solomons: my china: my Library…”

References and sources

References
  1. ↑ Cohen, Richard I.Jewish Icons: Art and Society in Modern Europe, University of California Press, 1998, p160
  2. ↑ 'Cruise, Colin, ed., Love Revealed: Simeon Solomon and the Pre-Raphaelites, London: Merrell, 2005, p9
  3. ↑ Seymour, Gayle M. Simeon Solomon and the Biblical Construction of Marginal Identity in Victorian England, Journal of Homosexuality, Volume 33, Issue 3-4, 1997
  4. ↑ Peter Horne, Reina Lewis, Outlooks: lesbian and gay sexualities and visual cultures, Routledge, 1996, ISBN 0-415-12468-9, p. 70
  5. 1 2 William A. Peniston, "Pederasts and others: urban culture and sexual identity in nineteenth-century Paris", Haworth gay & lesbian studies, Routledge, 2004, ISBN 1-56023-486-5, pp. 77–78
  6. ↑ Lockard, Ray Anne (2002), "Solomon, Simeon", glbtq.com, retrieved 19 September 2007
  7. ↑ Michael Matthew Kaylor, "Secreted Desires: The Major Uranians: Hopkins, Pater and Wilde", Michael Matthew Kaylor, 2006, ISBN 80-210-4126-9, p. 81
  8. ↑ Jeffrey Merrick, Bryant T. Ragan, "Homosexuality in modern France", Studies in the history of sexuality, Oxford University Press US, 1996, ISBN 0-19-509303-8, p. 134
  9. ↑ Kaylor, Michael Matthew, Secreted Desires: The Major Uranians - Hopkins, Pater and Wilde, Masaryk University, Brno: 2006, p82 Note 1
  10. ↑ "Pre-Raphaelite Painters from Collections in Lancashire | Tate". www.tate.org.uk. Retrieved 2016-05-22.
  11. ↑ User, Super. "Love Revealed: Simeon Solomon and the Pre-Raphaelites, Studio International". Studio International - Visual Arts, Design and Architecture. Retrieved 2016-05-22.
  12. ↑ "Posthumous Exhibitions". Simeon Solomon Research Archive. Retrieved 2016-05-22.
Sources

Further reading

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