St. Gobhan

Saint
Gobhan of Seagoe
Gobban Find mac Lugdach

Church of St. Gobhan
Personal details
Born 6th century
Died 639
Buried Clonenagh/Laois or Clooneagh/Kerry
Sainthood
Feast day 6 December

St Gobhan has long been historically linked with the parish of Seagoe – Teach dho-Ghobha in County Armagh, Ireland. A St Gobban - Gobban find mac Lugdach (c. 560-639), was primarily known for his abbacy of the monastery of Oldleighlin, County Carlow, where in 633 an important synod was held to debate the timing of Easter. This monastery later evolved into St Laserian's Cathedral, Old Leighlin. St. Gobban also held authority at Killamery – Cell Lamraide in county Kilkenny. St Gobban died in 639 and was buried in either the ancient abbey of Clonenagh: Cluain-Ednech, County Laois or Clooneagh: Chluain Each, County Kerry.

St. Gobhan of Seagoe in Iveagh

Clans, landscapes and borders

A holy man named St. Gobhan-(St Goban-Gobban-Goba) is associated with the foundation c. 600, of a church of Celtic Christianity origins in the parish of Seagoe, Portadown, County Armagh, Northern Ireland.[1][2] The present St. Gobhan's church is a post reformation Church of Ireland and is located within the Anglican Communion Diocese of Down and Dromore or alternatively the Roman Catholic Church Diocese of Dromore.[3][4][5] The 17th century Irish historian and hagiographer John Colgan wrote of this location: "Gobanus – Goba of Teg da-goba – Seagoe, on the bank of the Bann in Iveagh of Ulidia (also) St. Gobanus of Killamery, near the mountain called Slievenaman."[6]

Ireland early peoples and politics

Situated four miles due south of Lough Neagh, St. Gobhan's church stands on a high-commanding ridge overlooking and to the east of the upper river Bann in a region where three counties almost meet – County Armagh, County Down and County Antrim. When St. Gobhan first arrived in this locale almost one and a half thousand years ago he was in the lands of the Uí Echach Cobo whose territory would later become the baronies of Upper & Lower Iveagh,in modern day County Down.[7][8][9]

This boundary remained for many centuries until the Plantation of Ulster when in 1605 "The land east of the Upper Bann on the shore of Lough Neagh, known as Clanbrassilagh was formally annexed to the County of Ardmaghe...becoming eventually the barony of Oneilland East".[10][11][12] The continuous spread of urban development and the re-designation of boundaries has masked or obliterated the ancient topography allowing many small and independent hamlets to be swallowed up. Seagoe continued its independent existence until in 1888 the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898 facilitated its inclusion into Portadown Urban District.

So although present day Seagoe by definition is in county Armagh, its location and ancient history displays an affinity and tenuous bond of ecclesiastical ties with the lands within the historical diocese of Down and Dromore.The original foundation of St. Gobhan's church is in the ancient cemetery some one hundred yards distance from the present church. The old church ruins set amid tall Yew trees and ornate headstones are a poignant reminder of its past and the present.

Gobban of Killamery

Whether political upheaval or ecclesiastical differences precipitated St. Gobban's departure from OldLeighlin is unclear. However prior to the highly important synod of 633 it would appear that he left his monastery and along with numerous monks journeyed into the west of the kingdom of Ossory. Again whether or not he founded or inherited the monastery at Killamery:Cill lamraidhe in Ossory is disputed; however during his abbacy its fame and importance flourished. The 9th century book - "The Martyrology of Oengus states “of Gobban of Cell Lamraide in Hui Cathrenn in the west of Ossory, a thousand monks it had, as experts say and of them was Gobban.",[13] The Killamery High Cross has become famous as part of the west Ossory group of High crosses.[14]

Gobban find mac Lugdach of Uí Ferba-Altraighe

rattoo round tower and church

In the south west of Ireland, in the province of Munster, on the edge of the Atlantic ocean, lies the "Kingdom" of County Kerry (Irish: Ciarraí). The kingdom of the Ciarraige tribe whose founder was Ciar, son of the legendary Fergus mac Róich of the Ulster Cycle in Irish mythology. A place where crumbling fortresses on jagged headlands still guard the memories of faded kingdoms.

In the "Martyrology of Oengus the culdee", (9th century register of saints and their feast days), it is stated…"Of Gobban, i.e. of cell Lamraide in Hui Cathrenn in the west of ossory, i.e. a thousand monks it had, as experts say. angelic wall, i.e. angels founded the wall of his church for him. Lane, an old tribe which was once in the south of Ireland, and of them was Gobban."[15]

The tribal name of Lane is an interpretation of the Irish O'Laoghin or O'Laeghain as mentioned by Geoffrey Keating when referring to the Topographical Poems of Seán Mór Ó Dubhagáin and Giolla na Naomh Ó hUidhrín.[16] where it is stated - "O'LAEGHAIN, O'Leyne, or Lane, chief of UI ferba and O'Duibhduin, chief of Ui Flannain, districts in the county of kerry...O'Laeghain, a warrior of fame, We found him over Ui fearba; O'Cathnendaigh obtained the land, firmly settled under the high hills of cualan."

Some authorities describe the land of Ui Ferba as extending northwards from Tralee along Ballyheigue bay to Cashen Bay.[17] However prior to its breakup during the Cambro-Norman invasion of Ireland, Ui Ferba not only included the forementioned lands but also included territory to the west of Tralee in the Dingle/Corkaguiny peninsular.[18][19][20] Scattered and embedded into this primitive landscape of stone age dolmens and Iron Age forts are the very foundation stones of early Irish medieval ecclesiastical sites.

Many of these early Christian sites, have been lost to the vagaries of time, man and nature. However many still exist to some extent: one of which is the ancient ecclesiastic site of Rattoo, with its famous round tower.

The estate of the Abbey and churches of Rattoo[21][22] arose within the ancient ecclesiastical see of Ardfert[23] in the cantred of Altry bordering Ui Ferba, within the over kingdom of Ciarraige Luachra and was founded by - "the gentle bishop Lugdach".[24][25] This ecclesastical site, which was reported to consist of seven churches was long known as "Rath Muighe tuaiscirt" - the fort of the northern plain.[26][27] This bishop Lugdach, could be the father of Gobban find mac Lugdach and this ecclesiaastical enclosure might not only be St. Gobhan's birthplace: but also that of his real final resting abode.

It is generally regarded that St.Gobhan was buried, or his holy relics preserved at the celebrated monastery of St. Fintan of Clonenagh(Cluain Ednech), county Laois.[28] However St. Gobhan had no apparent ecclesiastical ties to this historic establishment. An examination of the etymology of Cluain Eidhneach[29] may be instructive. The meaning of the middle Irish word Cluain is invariably found to be a piece of fertile land surrounded by a bog or moor, or on one side by a bog, and the other by water.[26] Also the word eidnech/eidhneach refers to an area of ivy clad trees.[30] In summary an area of raised fertile land surrounded by bog/swamp.

A few miles to the north of Ratoo the river Feale, Brick and Gale converge: thus united they become the Cashen river which flows some six more miles before emptying into Cashen bay on the River Shannon estuary.[31] The low ground south of the Cashen river was known as cashen bog.[32] The church of Rattoo lies within this bog, though now much reduced: however one and a half thousand years ago this topography would have been more apparent.

The church of Rattoo adjoins the ancient townland of Clooneagh:Cluain Each.[33][34] - while seven miles west of Tralee, on the Corkaguiny peninsular is the old church of Kilgobbin.[35][36]

St Gobban and St Scuithin

St. Gobban founded his monastery at OldLeighlin in 616. The boundary lines of counties Carlow, Laois and Kilkenny all meet on the castlecomer plateau. A portion of this plateau has often been referred to as Slieve Margy.[37] OldLeighlin sits on the eastern slopes of the Johnswell hills in the south of the plateau in county Carlow. In the 6th century Scuithin[38][39] left Ireland to become a disciple of the Welsh holy man Saint David, whom he is credited with saving from poisoning.[40] On returning home to Ireland he became a hermit and holy man in the Johnswell hills where the memory of his name and abode are preserved in "tigh scuithin."[41] While the site of "Tigh Scuthin" has thankfully been preserved in the eponymous location of Tiscoffin it has unfortunately almost obliterated the memory of St. Scuithin as an actual historical entity.

When the ancient tuatha were reorganised Kilkenny was divided into baronies and parishes. The Kilkenny barony of Gowran includes the civil parish of Tiscoffin[42] (tigh scuithin) which stretches into the Johnswell hills and it seems probable that here, in the 7th century existed the fluid and fluctuating boundary between the Kingdom of Ossory and that of Leinster in which Old leighlin is situated. Kilkenny would eventually become a county of Leinster in 1210.[43]

The county Kilkenny town of Castlewarren:(Caisleán an Bhairínigh) in the civil parish of Tiscoffin preserves his memory with the Church of Scuithin.[44] This church is seven kilometres distant from OldLeighlin. No doubt the ancient abode of St. Gobban of OldLeighlin is on the periphery of Tigh Scuthin – Tiscoffin. Also according to the Journal of the Royal Antiquaries of Ireland (1876) St. Gobban may have briefly aboded at tigh Scuithin.[45] (after leaving OldLeighlin and before Killamery) for at a time unknown a monastery was erected here.

Time, linguistic variations, dialects and anglicisation has confused and entangled St Goban and St.Scuithin: however two distinct historical persons did exist. Vague references to a tascaffin in county Limerick are extant but no designation of that name can be found. However Tiscoffin monastery, county Kilkenny is in the List of monastic houses in Ireland.

The Goban Saor.

The history of Ireland is steeped in mythology. According to Irish invasions tradition the fifth group to arrive was the Tuatha Dé Danann. They fought and won many battles and displaced and disposest the Fir Bolg.The Tuatha de Danann had a trinity of gods of craft, the most important of which was Goibniu. Goibnui forged lethal weapons and brewed their magical elixirs of invincibility. His name in Old Irish Gobae~Gobann translates as smith~craftsman. Gobann the craftsman – a skilled builder – the Gobán Saor. St. Gobhan was renowned as a builder-founder of many churches. However as a founder he should be acclaimed, for the churches were not lavish, spectular romanesque or gothic cathedrals but simple mud and wattle mixtures that embraced usually the holy well – Christianized to act as font. The interconnectedness and mutuality of names and professions undoubtedly gave rise to an expression of oneness.

The Goban Saor of the Tuatha de Danann existed in an un-dateable period of Ireland's pre-history. St. Gobhan's death is recorded during a dateable period of Ireland's early history. Although St. Gobhan is not the goban saor of the Tuatha de Danann, he could be described as a Goban Saor of 6th–7th century Ireland.

References

  1. ↑ Robert Benedetto; James O. Duke. The New Westminster Dictionary of Church History:.
  2. ↑ Place Names NI - Home
  3. ↑ Andrew Hadfield; John McVeagh (1994). Strangers to That Land:. ISBN 978-0-86140-350-9.
  4. ↑ Area Deanery of Clanbrassil | Down and Dromore
  5. ↑ Dromore Diocese
  6. ↑ Acta Sanctoriam Hiberniae, 750b
  7. ↑ Ireland's History in Maps - Ancient Uladh, Ulidia, the Kingdom of Ulster
  8. ↑ Guinness or MacGuinness family pedigree
  9. ↑ http://www.smo.uhi.ac.uk/~oduibhin/oirthear/downmaps.htm In this old barony map Seagoe is located just beyond the western border of Lower Iveagh, having been annexed to county Armagh in 1605.(seagoe is just below the letter H in ARMAGH boundary line.)
  10. ↑ The Ulster Plantation
  11. ↑ The Scots in Ulster: Scottish Landlords
  12. ↑ Place-Names of Northern Ireland, Vol.111, County Down. Publisher; Queen's University Belfast.1993 ISBN 978-0853894483
  13. ↑ Martyrology of Oengus,page 425
  14. ↑ Michael W. Herren; Shirley Ann Brown (2002). Christ in Celtic Christianity: Britain and Ireland from the Fifth to the Tenth Century. Boydell Press. pp. 201–. ISBN 978-0-85115-889-1.
  15. ↑ The Martyrology of Oengus the Culdee
  16. ↑ Geoffrey Keating (1 March 1998). History of Ireland. Irish Roots Cafe. pp. 703–. ISBN 978-0-940134-49-2.
  17. ↑ Edmund Curtis (26 April 2013). A History of Medieval Ireland (Routledge Revivals): From 1086 to 1513. Routledge. pp. 97–. ISBN 978-1-136-29870-7.
  18. ↑ https://archive.org/stream/journalofroyalso40royauoft#page/n131/mode/2up
  19. ↑ https://www.academia.edu/2058460/Lordship_and_colony_in_Anglo-Norman_Kerry_1177-1400
  20. ↑ https://www.academia.edu/2058454/The_see-lands_of_the_diocese_of_Ardfert_an_essay_in_reconstruction
  21. ↑ Charles Smith (1756). The Antient and Present State of the County of Kerry. author: and sold. p. 214.
  22. ↑ Philip Luckombe (1780). A Tour Through Ireland. T. Lowndes. p. 288.
  23. ↑ http://www.libraryireland.com/topog/A/Ardfert-Diocese-of.php
  24. ↑ https://archive.org/stream/martyrologyofoen29oenguoft#page/214/mode/2up
  25. ↑ https://archive.org/stream/martyrologyofoen29oenguoft#page/220/mode/2up
  26. 1 2 George Petrie (1845). The ecclesiastical architecture of Ireland. Hodges and Smith. pp. 395–.
  27. ↑ The Dublin University Magazine. William Curry, Jun., and Company. 1855. pp. 638–.
  28. ↑ Thom Walsh (1854). History of the Irish Hierarchy: With the Monasteries of Each County, Biographical Notices of the Irish Saints, Prelates, and Religious. Sadlier. pp. 495–.
  29. ↑ http://www.logainm.ie/en/28686?s=Clonenagh
  30. ↑ http://edil.qub.ac.uk/dictionary/results-new.php?srch=eidnech&dictionary_choice=edil_2012
  31. ↑ THE FOURTH REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONERS. 1814. pp. 90–.
  32. ↑ The Parliamentary Gazetteer of Ireland:. A. Fullarton and Company. 1846. pp. 398–.
  33. ↑ http://www.logainm.ie/en/23909
  34. ↑ http://maps.osi.ie/publicviewer/#V1,487695,633627,6,9
  35. ↑ http://ireland.anglican.org/information/dioceses/parish/16980
  36. ↑ http://www.libraryireland.com/topog/K/Kilgobbin-Corkaguiney-Kerry.php
  37. ↑ Angela Bourke (2002). The Field Day Anthology of Irish Writing. NYU Press. pp. 134–. ISBN 978-0-8147-9906-2.
  38. ↑ James Henthorn Todd (1864). St. Patrick, Apostle of Ireland:. Hodges, Smith & Company. pp. 91–. Retrieved 13 December 2012.
  39. ↑ Royal Institution of Cornwall (1901). Journal of the Royal Institution of Cornwall. Workers of Cornwall Limited. Retrieved 13 December 2012.
  40. ↑ St David of wales;Cult,ChurchandNation.JohnWynDavies,JonathanM.Vooding,p133
  41. ↑ John Lanigan (1829). An ecclesiastical history of Ireland, from the first introduction of Christianity to the beginning of the thirteenth century. Printed for J. Cumming. pp. 300–.
  42. ↑ http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~irlkik/twlnd/parisw.htm
  43. ↑ http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~irlkik/ihm/ireclans.htm
  44. ↑ http://www.ossory.ie/parishes-and-people/diocesan-database/parish-details/?page=ddb_parish_details&parishID=6
  45. ↑ Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland. 1879.

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