Tagetes erecta
| Tagetes erecta | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Genus: | Tagetes |
| Species: | T. erecta |
| Binomial name | |
| Tagetes erecta L. | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
|
Synonymy
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Tagetes erecta, the Mexican marigold, also called Aztec marigold,[2] is a species of the genus Tagetes native to Mexico. Despite its being native to the Americas, it is often called African marigold.[3][4] In Mexico, this plant is found in the wild in the states of State of México, Puebla, and Veracruz. This plant reaches heights of between 50 and 100 cm (20 and 39 in). The Aztecs gathered the wild plant as well as cultivating it for medicinal, ceremonial and decorative purposes. It is widely cultivated commercially with many cultivars in use as ornamental plants,[5] and for the cut-flower trade.[6][7]
Uses
Rituals
Its flower, the cempasúchil is also called the flor de muertos ("flower of the dead") in Mexico and is used in the Día de los Muertos celebration every 2 November. The word cempazúchitl (also spelled cempasúchil) comes from the Nahuatl term for the flower cempohualxochitl, literally translated as "twenty flower". In Thai language it is called ดาวเรือง [DaoRuang], literally translated as "star glittering". Water infused with the fragrant essential oil of the flower was used to wash corpses in Honduras, and the flower is still commonly planted in cemeteries.[8]
Traditional medicine
Since prehispanic times, this plant has been used for medicinal purposes. The Cherokee used it as a skin wash and for yellow dye.[9] This marigold may help protect certain crop plants from nematode pests when planted in fields.[10] It is most effective against the nematode species Pratylenchus penetrans.[8]
Culinary
The ray florets have been used in lettuce salads and other foods to add colour and flavour. The dried flower petals, ground to a powder, may be used in poultry feed to ensure a good colouration of egg yolks and broiler skin, especially in the absence of well-pigmented yellow maize in the feed.[11] This is still a use today, but now usually in the form of an extract which may have advantages of lower transport and storage cost, better stability and better utilization. It is also used to enhance coloring in crustaceans,[8] such as the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei).[12]
Other uses
The oil of the flower may be added to perfumes to infuse an apple scent into them.[8]
Today, T. erecta is grown to extract lutein, a common yellow/orange food colour (E161b).[8][13] The essential oil of the flower contains antioxidants.[14]
References
- ↑ The Plant List, Tagetes erecta L.
- ↑ "Tagetes erecta". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. Retrieved 7 December 2015.
- ↑ Floridata
- ↑ GRIN Species Profile
- ↑ NC State Horticulture
- ↑ Flora of China, Tagetes erecta Linnaeus, 1753. 万寿菊 wan shou ju
- ↑ Altervista Flora Italiana, Tagete eretta, Tagetes erecta L.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Protabase: Tagetes erecta
- ↑ Ethnobotany
- ↑ Olabiyi, T. I. & E. E. A. Oyedunmade (2007). "Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) as interplant with cowpea for the control of nematode pests" (PDF). African Crop Science Conference Proceedings. 8: 1075–1078.
- ↑ W. Leigh Hadden, Ruth H. Watkins, Luis W. Levy, Edmundo Regalado, Diana M. Rivadeneira, Richard B. van Breemen & Steven J. Schwartz (1999). "Carotenoid composition of marigold (Tagetes erecta) flower extract used as nutritional supplement". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 47 (10): 4189–4194. doi:10.1021/jf990096k. PMID 10552789.
- ↑ J. T. Ponce-Palafox, J. L. Arredondo Figueroa & E. J. Vernon Carter (2006). "Carotenoids from plants used in diets for the culture of the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)" (PDF). Revista Mexicana de Ingeniería Química. 5 (2): 157–165.
- ↑ Lutein from Tagetes erecta
- ↑ Rosa Martha Pérez Gutiérrez, Heliodoro Hernández Luna & Sergio Hernández Garrido (2006). "Antioxidant activity of Tagetes erecta essential oil". Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society. 51 (2): 883–886. doi:10.4067/S0717-97072006000200010.