Tang Shaoyi

Tang Shaoyi
Premier of the Republic of China
In office 13 March 1912 – 27 June 1912
President	Yuan Shikai
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	Lou Tseng-Tsiang
In office 5 August 1922 – 19 September 1922
President	Li Yuanhong
Preceded by	Wang Ch'ung-hui
Succeeded by	Wang Ch'ung-hui
Personal details
Born	2 January 1862 Xiangshan County, Guangdong, Qing Empire
Died	30 September 1938 (aged 76) Shanghai, Republic of China
Political party	Unity Party
Alma mater	Queen's College, Hong Kong Columbia University

Tang Shaoyi
Traditional Chinese	唐紹儀
Simplified Chinese	唐绍仪
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Táng Shàoyí Wade–Giles T'ang Shao-i Yue: Cantonese Yale Romanization Tong4 Siu6 Yee4

Tang Shaoyi (Chinese: 唐紹儀; pinyin: Táng Shàoyí; 2 January 1862 – 30 September 1938), original Tong Shao Yi, courtesy name Shaochuan (少川), was a Chinese politician who briefly served as the first Premier of the Republic of China in 1912. In 1938, he was assassinated by the staff of Bureau of Investigation and Statistics in Shanghai.

Early Life

Tang was a native of Xiangshan County, Guangdong. Tang had been educated in the United States, attending elementary school in Springfield, Massachusetts, and high school in Hartford, Connecticut.^[1] He studied at Queen's College, Hong Kong, and then Columbia University in New York on the Chinese Educational Mission.^[2]

Career

Tang was a friend of Yuan Shikai; and during the Xinhai Revolution, negotiated on the latter's behalf in Shanghai with the revolutionaries' Wu Tingfang, ending up with the recognition of Yuan as President of the Republic of China. He had been a diplomat with Yuan Shikai's staff in Korea.^[1] In 1900, he was appointed head of the Shandong Bureau of Foreign Affairs under governor Yuan Shikai.^[1]

Widely respected, he became the Republic's first Prime Minister in 1912, but quickly grew disillusioned with Yuan's lack of respect for the rule of law and resigned.^[3] He later took part in Sun Yatsen's government in Guangzhou. Tang Shaoyi opposed, on constitutional grounds, Sun's taking of the "Extraordinary Presidency" in 1921; Tang resigned from his position. In 1924, he refused an offer to be foreign minister under warlord Duan Qirui's provisional government in Beijing.

Assassination

In 1937, Tang bought a house on Route Ferguson in the Shanghai French Concession and retired there.^[4] The following year, the Japanese invaded and occupied Shanghai (though not yet the foreign concessions). Japanese general Kenji Doihara attempted to recruit Tang to become president of the new pro-Japanese puppet government, and Tang was willing to negotiate with the Japanese. The Kuomintang's intelligence agency Juntong learned about the negotiation, and its chief Dai Li ordered his assassination. On 30 September 1938, Tang was killed in his living room by a Juntong squad who pretended to be antique sellers.^[5]

Family

Tang Shaoyi's daughter Tang Baoyue (English name May Tang) was married to the prominent diplomat V.K. Wellington Koo. She died in October 1918 during the 1918 flu pandemic, after falling ill for only a week.^[6] Another daughter Lora Tang was married to the well-known Singapore philanthropist Lee Seng Gee. Another daughter from his first wife, Isobel, was married to Henry K. Chang (Chang Chien), the Chinese Ambassador and Consul General at San Francisco (1929).^[7]

References

1. Wang, Ke-wen (1997). Modern China: an encyclopedi a of history, culture, and nationalism. Routledge, London. p. 348.
2. from deleted section at Shandong University on 2015.09.09
3. John Stuart Thomson (1913). China revolutionized. INDIANAPOLIS: The Bobbs-Merrill company. p. 105.
4. 武康路与民国第一任总理唐绍仪血案 [Wukang Road and the assassination of Tang Shaoyi] (in Chinese). China.com.cn. 22 November 2012. Retrieved 8 October 2013.
5. Wakeman, Frederic E. (2002). The Shanghai Badlands: Wartime Terrorism and Urban Crime, 1937-1941. Cambridge University Press. p. 48. ISBN 9780521528719.
6. Craft, Stephan G. (2004). V.K. Wellington Koo and the Emergence of Modern China. University Press of Kentucky. p. 45. ISBN 9780813127286.
7. Hinners, David G. (1999). Tong Shao-Yi and His Family. University Press of America. p. 102. ISBN 0-7618-1392-6.