Teodoro Moscoso

This name uses Spanish naming customs: the first or paternal family name is Moscoso and the second or maternal family name is Mora.
Teodoro Moscoso Mora
United States Ambassador to Venezuela
In office
May 23, 1961 – November 21, 1961
President John F. Kennedy
Preceded by Edward J. Sparks
Succeeded by C. Allen Stewart
Personal details
Born November 26, 1910
Barcelona, Spain
Died June 15, 1992 (aged 81)
San Juan, Puerto Rico
Nationality Puerto Rican
Political party Popular Democratic Party
Alma mater University of the Sciences in Philadelphia
University of Michigan
Profession businessman, Diplomatic corps, politician

José Teodoro Moscoso Mora[1][note 1] (November 26, 1910 - June 15, 1992), was a Puerto Rican businessman and politician known as "the architect of Operation Bootstrap".

Early years

Moscoso's parents were Teodoro Moscoso Rodriguez, the founder of "Farmacias Moscoso" (Moscoso Pharmacies), in Ponce, Puerto Rico,[2] and Alejandrina Mora Fajardo, from the Balearic island of Majorca, Spain.[3][4] Alejandrina was pregnant when she and her husband were visiting Barcelona, Spain. Moscoso Mora was born during their visit and soon afterward the Moscosos returned to Puerto Rico. Moscoso Rodriguez attended to his pharmacy, which was located in the center of Ponce.

Schooling

The Moscosos sent their son to New York where he obtained his early education.[5] Afterward he moved to Ponce and graduated from Ponce High School.[6] After graduation he attended the Philadelphia School of Pharmacy (now the University of the Sciences in Philadelphia) to follow in his father's profession. After three years, he transferred to the University of Michigan, where he graduated in 1932. Moscoso returned to Ponce and worked in his father's pharmacy. The pharmacies, an island-wide chain, operated from their founding in 1915 until 1995 when they were sold to Farmacias El Amal, another local chain.[7] He married Gloria Sánchez Vilella.

Entry into civil service

Moscoso left the family business and helped win for the Ponce Housing Authority (PHA) an imperiled $2-million grant. In the midst of the Great Depression, the grant aided the construction of nearly 1,000 homes in Ponce. Moscoso's success caught the attention of various Puerto Rican government officials. In 1940, Moscoso joined the Popular Democratic Party after meeting Luis Muñoz Marín, and became instrumental in making Luis Muñoz Marín's vision of an industrialized Puerto Rico a reality.

Fomento

In 1941, the U.S.-appointed Governor of Puerto Rico, Rexford Guy Tugwell, and the president of the Puerto Rican Senate, Luis Muñoz Marín, forged legislative projects which established nationalized entities such as Compañia de Fomento Industrial (Industrial Development Company, or PRIDCO), The Bank of Fomento, The Planning Board (Junta de Planificacion), The Power Authority (Autoridad de las Fuentes Fluviales), The Communications Authority (Autoridad de Comunicaciones), The Water and Sewage Authority (Autoridad de Acueductos Y Alcantarillados), and the Transportation Authority (Autoridad de Transporte). In 1942, Moscoso became Executive Director of one such entity, Compañia de Fomento Industrial (known as "Fomento", for short), the agency in charge of Puerto Rico's industrial promotions and economic development.

Operation Bootstrap

Under Governor Munoz Marin's administration, Moscoso led a project known as Operation Bootstrap ("Operacion Manos a la Obra"). Munoz's administration realized that agriculture alone would not be able to provide employment for the burgeoning population, and sought to use the advantages of free access to the American market, plus a ready, inexpensive, and trained labor force, to rapidly industrialize the country. The rapid economic progress of Puerto Rico during the decades of 1950–1970 made the island the "miracle of the Caribbean". The ambitious Fomento project stimulated various industries through federal and local tax exemption as well as through government assistance, to invest in Puerto Rico. Moscoso succeeded in attracting worldwide capital investment to the Commonwealth; this, in turn, helped transform the island into a modern industrial society. The Economist later reported: "one century of economic development . . . achieved in a decade."[8]

The following table shows Puerto Rico's change from agricultural to manufacturing society in terms of employment (extracted from Fernando Pico's Historia General de Puerto Rico).

Salaried employment in Puerto Rico (1940–70) measured in thousands of employees
Decade Agriculture and fishing Manufacture
1940–49 230 56
1950–59 216 55
1960–69 125 81
1970–79 68 132

Ambassador

In May 1961, United States President John F. Kennedy named Moscoso ambassador to Venezuela. One month later Moscoso was kidnaped by leftist students and the car fire at the Central University of Venezuela. Before it was burned were taken from the vehicle a reckless diplomatic documents left unattended. Those documents, which contain a series of "recommendations" State Department to Venezuelan government were read on 8 August, 1961, by Che Guevara, head of the Cuban delegation at Economic Conference of Punta del Este, Uruguay. On November 11 the president Romulo Betancourt ordered break diplomatic relations with Cuba. Earlier, the Mexican government had agreed to host the hundred Cuban refugees who were at the Venezuelan embassy in Havana, hoping to leave their country. In November Moscoso was named coordinator of Kennedy's Alliance for Progress and returned to Washington.

After the Kennedy assassination, Moscoso returned to Puerto Rico. In 1966, Moscoso headed the Commonwealth Oil Refining Co. ("CORCO"). From 1973 to 1976 Moscoso became again the head of "Fomento".

Death

Teodoro Moscoso died on June 15, 1992.

Legacy

A 2.25-kilometer bridge connecting the Hato Rey/Río Piedras sectors of San Juan, Puerto Rico with the Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport bears the name of Teodoro Moscoso. The bridge, over the San José Lagoon, is the longest bridge over a body of water in Puerto Rico.[9] In Ponce he is honored at the Illustrious Ponce Citizens Plaza in Tricentennial Park.[10]

Books

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ This name uses Spanish naming customs: the first or paternal family name is Moscoso and the second or maternal family name is Mora.

References

  1. ↑ ¿Qué pasó hoy? (vídeo). Rico Puerto Rico. Noticel. 15 June 2012. Retrieved 28 June 2012.
  2. ↑ ¿Qué pasó hoy? (vídeo). Rico Puerto Rico. Noticel. 15 June 2012. Retrieved 28 June 2012.
  3. ↑ Message Boards: Zaragoza - Mayaguez, PR: Moscoso. Ancestry.com Retrieved 28 June 2012.
  4. ↑ Teodoro Moscoso. 123helpme!.com Retrieved 28 June 2012.
  5. ↑ Teodoro Moscoso. 123helpme!.com Retrieved 28 June 2012.
  6. ↑ Teodoro Moscoso. 123helpme!.com Retrieved 28 June 2012.
  7. ↑ Cuando las compras se hacían en González Padín y Farmacias Moscoso. Primera Hora. San Juan, Puerto Rico. 26 November 2013. Retrieved 5 December 2013.
  8. ↑ Teodoro Moscoso. 123helpme!.com Retrieved 28 June 2012.
  9. ↑ Autopistas de Puerto Rico (2004). "Quienes Somos: Una Nueva Vía Hacia el Futuro".
  10. ↑
Diplomatic posts
Preceded by
Edward J. Sparks		 United States Ambassador to Venezuela
23 May 1961–21 November 1961 		Succeeded by
C. Allen Stewart
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