Terminalia (plant)

Terminalia
Terminalia catappa
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Rosids
Order:	Myrtales
Family:	Combretaceae
Genus:	Terminalia L.[1]
Species
See text.
Synonyms
Badamia Gaertn. Catappa Gaertn. Chicharronia A.Rich. Chuncoa Pav. ex Juss. Fatrea Juss. Gimbernatea Ruiz & Pav. Hudsonia A.Rob. ex Lunan Kniphofia Scop. Myrobalanifera Houtt. Myrobalanus Gaertn. Pentaptera Roxb. Ramatuela Kunth Ramatuella Kunth, orth. var. Resinaria Comm. ex Lam. Tanibouca Aubl. Vicentia Allemão[1]

Terminalia is a genus of large trees of the flowering plant family Combretaceae, comprising around 100 species distributed in tropical regions of the world. This genus gets it name from Latin terminus, referring to the fact that the leaves appear at the very tips of the shoots.

Chemistry

Trees of this genus are known especially as a source of secondary metabolites, e.g. cyclic triterpenes and their derivatives, flavonoids, tannins, and other aromatics.

Selected species

Terminalia argentea flowers

Terminalia catappa flowers with a Hoverfly- a close up

• Terminalia acuminata (Fr. Allem.) Eichl.
• Terminalia albida Scott-Elliot
• Terminalia altissima – White afara
• Terminalia amazonia (J.F.Gmel.) Exell (T. hayesii, Chuncoa amazonia) – White Olive
• Terminalia arbuscula Sw.
• Terminalia archipelagi Coode
• Terminalia arenicola Byrnes
• Terminalia argentea Mart.
• Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn. (Pentaptera arjuna, Pentaptera glabra) – Arjuna, Koha, White Marudah
• Terminalia australis Cambess – Palo amarillo, Tanimbú
• Terminalia avicennioides
• Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. (Myrobalanus bellirica) – beleric
• Terminalia bentzoe (L.) L. f. (=T. angustifolia, T. bentzoin, T. mauritiana)
• Terminalia bialata (Roxb.) Steud. – Indian Silver Greywood, Silver Greywood
• Terminalia brachystemma
• Terminalia brassii Exell
• Terminalia brownii Fresen.
• Terminalia bucidoides Standley & L.O.Williams
• Terminalia buceras (Bucida buceras) – Black olive
• Terminalia bursarina – Bendee
• Terminalia calamansanai (Blanco) Rolfe
• Terminalia carpentariae C.T.White
• Terminalia catappa L. – Indian almond, Tropical almond, Umbrella tree
• Terminalia chebula Retz. (T. reticulata) – Black Myrobalan, Chebulic Myrobalan, Inknut
• Terminalia cherrieri McKee
• Terminalia ciliata
• Terminalia citrina (Gaertn.) Roxb. ex Fleming (=T. arborea)
• Terminalia corticosa (T. mucronata)
• Terminalia eddowesii Coode
• Terminalia elliptica Willd. (T. alata, T. tomentosa) – Indian-laurel
• Terminalia eriostachya A.Rich.
• Terminalia ferdinandiana
• Terminalia foetidissima Griff. (T. ovocarpa)
• Terminalia franchetii Gagnep. (T. triptera)
• Terminalia glabrescens
• Terminalia glaucifolia
• Terminalia grandiflora
• Terminalia hararensis Engl. ex Diels
• Terminalia hecistocarpa Engl. ex Diels
• Terminalia intermedia (A.Rich.) Urban
• Terminalia ivorensis A.Chev. – Idigbo, Black Afara, Blackbark, Brimstone Wood, Shingle Wood
• Terminalia januariensis DC.
• Terminalia kaernbachii Warb. (T. okari) – okari nut
  

  Terminalia arjuna flowers
• Terminalia kangeanensis Slooten
• Terminalia kuhlmannii Alwan & Stace
• Terminalia latifolia Sw.
• Terminalia latipes Benth.
  • Terminalia latipes subsp. psilocarpa Pedley (=T. ferdinandiana) – Kakadu plum
• Terminalia littoralis L.
• Terminalia macroptera Guill. & Perr.
• Terminalia mantaly – Madagascar almond
• Terminalia microcarpa Decne. (=T. edulis)
• Terminalia muelleri
• Terminalia myriocarpa
  

  Terminalia bellirica trunk
• Terminalia nitens C.Presl
• Terminalia novocaledonica Däniker
• Terminalia oblonga (Ruiz & Pav.) Steud.
• Terminalia oblongata F.Muell.
  • Terminalia oblongata subsp. volucris (R.Br. ex Benth.) Pedley (=T. volucris) – Rosewood
• Terminalia obovata
• Terminalia oliveri
• Terminalia paniculata Brandis
• Terminalia parviflora Thwaites
• Terminalia pellucida C.Presl
• Terminalia petiolaris Benth. – Marool
• Terminalia phanerophlebia Engl. & Diels
• Terminalia phellocarpa
• Terminalia porphyrocarpa
• Terminalia procera Roxb. (=T. copelandii Elmer)
• Terminalia prunioides M.A.Lawson – Purple pod terminalia
  

  Terminalia bellirica fruit
• Terminalia reitzii Excell
• Terminalia rerei Coode
• Terminalia richii A.Gray
• Terminalia saffordii Merr.
• Terminalia schimperiana Hochst.
• Terminalia sericea Burch. ex DC. – Silver terminalia
• Terminalia sericocarpa – Damson
• Terminalia subspathulata
• Terminalia superba Engl. & Diels – Limba
• Terminalia triflora (Griseb.) Lillo
• Terminalia trifoliata Spreng.
• Terminalia tripteroides Craib^[2]

Formerly placed here

• Bucida molinetii (M.Gómez) Alwan & Stace (as T. molinetii M.Gómez)
• Combretum erythrophyllum (Burch.) Sond. (as T. erythrophylla Burch.)^[2]

Image gallery

• 
  Terminalia bellirica leaves being eaten by Semi-looper from Noctuidae family
• 
  Terminalia bellirica leaves being eaten by Semi-looper from Noctuidae family
• 
  Terminalia catappa flowers with a hoverfly
• 
  Terminalia pallida in Talakona forest, in Chittoor District of Andhra Pradesh, India.
• 
  Terminalia pallida in Talakona forest, in Chittoor District of Andhra Pradesh, India.
• 
  T. porphyrocarpa foliage and flowers
• 
  T. porphyrocarpa foliage and flowers
• 
  Terminalia mantaly as a street tree in Hong Kong
• 
  Terminalia mantaly seen in Bangalore

References

1. "Genus: Terminalia L.". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2007-10-05. Retrieved 2011-02-03.
2. "GRIN Species Records of Terminalia". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2011-02-03.

External links

• Dressler, S.; Schmidt, M. & Zizka, G. (2014). [http://www.africanplants.senckenberg.de/root/index.php?submitForm=true&page_id=77&searchTextMenue=Terminalia&filterRegionIDs[]=6&filterRegionIDs[]=1&filterRegionIDs[]=2&filterRegionIDs[]=3&filterRegionIDs[]=5 "Terminalia"]. African plants – a Photo Guide. Frankfurt/Main: Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg.