The Clover

The Clover (Italian: Il Trifoglio) was a centrist coalition of Italian political parties.

It was launched on 27 October 1999 and led by Francesco Cossiga, who supported the D'Alema I Cabinet since its formation via his Democratic Union for the Republic (UDR). The idea of The Clover was to unify those political forces within the majority which felt marginalized. The coalition was composed of three parties:^[1]

the Italian Democratic Socialists (SDI, social-democratic, leader: Enrico Boselli)
the Union for the Republic (UpR, christian-democratic and liberal, leader: Francesco Cossiga)
the Italian Republican Party (PRI, liberal, leader: Giorgio La Malfa)

The coalition was responsible of bringing down D'Alema I Cabinet (Massimo D'Alema resigned on 18 December)^[2] and decided not to enter into the D'Alema II Cabinet. At that point The Clover had 18 deputies, eight senators and two ministers: Carlo Scognamiglio Pasini (UpR, Defence) and Angelo Piazza (SDI, Public Administration).

On 8 February 2008, after that Cossiga had hinted the possibility of making an alliance with the centre-right Pole of Freedoms, SDI left the coalition, while some of its members, including Claudio Martelli and Bobo Craxi, who formed the Socialist League, which replaced SDI as third component of The Clover.^[3]

Since then, the coalition was loosened and each party started to take autonomous decisions, but by the 2001 general election all the three groups had joined in different ways the centre-right House of Freedoms coalition led by Silvio Berlusconi: the Socialist League took part to the foundation of the New Italian Socialist Party, PRI signed an electoral pact with Forza Italia and UpR merged into that party.

References

↑ James Newell (2002). The Italian General Election of 2001: Berlusconi's Victory. Manchester University Press. p. 110. ISBN 978-0-7190-6100-4.
↑ Mark Gilbert; Gianfranco Pasquino (January 2000). Italian Politics: The Faltering Transition. Berghahn Books. p. 28. ISBN 978-1-57181-840-9.
↑ Saulino Felice. "Strappo di Boselli, addio a Cossiga". corriere.it. Retrieved 26 September 2015.

Historical political parties in Italy

Communist

Communist Party of Italy Italian Communist Party Union of Italian Communists (Marxist–Leninist) Proletarian Unity Party Communist Party of Italy (Marxist–Leninist) Proletarian Democracy Movement of Unitarian Communists Movement for the Left Unite the Left Critical Left Party of Italian Communists

Socialist and social-democratic

Green

Green Lists Rainbow Greens Federalist Greens

Centrist

Populars for Reform Segni Pact Italian Democratic Movement Italian Renewal United Consumers Union for the Republic Pact of Liberal Democrats Southern Democratic Party Middle Italy

Christian-democratic

Conservative-liberal

Liberal Union Economic Party Democratic Union for the New Republic Italian Liberal Party Italian Unionist Movement National Democratic Alliance Liberal Democratic Foundation Liberal Democratic Pole Union of the Centre The Liberals-Sgarbi Forza Italia Liberal Reformers Italian Liberal Right Labour and Freedom List The People of Freedom Future and Freedom

Conservative

Conservative Catholics Combatants' Party Agrarian Party Common Man's Front Italian Democratic Party Monarchist National Party People's Monarchist Party Italian Democratic Party of Monarchist Unity National Democracy National Alliance Movement for Italy I Love Italy

Fascist

Italian Nationalist Association National Fascist Party Republican Fascist Party Italian Social Movement National Front (1967) National Front (1990) National Front (1997) Social Action

Regionalist and Federalist

Slavs and Germans Federalists and Liberal Democrats Federalist Party Federalist Italian League Federal Italy Autonomists for Europe Force of the South

Coalitions of parties

Leftist coalitions	Popular Democratic Front Alliance of Progressives Together with the Union The Left – The Rainbow For the Common Good Anticapitalist and Communist List Federation of the Left Civil Revolution

Centre-left coalitions	Organic Centre-left Socialist Unity Pact of Democrats The Olive Tree The Sunflower United Socialists for Europe The Union Rose in the Fist Italy. Common Good

Centrist coalitions	Centrism Pentapartito Pact for Italy White Flower The Clover New Pole for Italy With Monti for Italy European Choice

Centre-right coalitions	National Democratic Union National Bloc Pole of Freedoms Pole of Good Government Pole for Freedoms Segni Pact – National Alliance House of Freedoms The Autonomy

Rightist coalitions	National Blocs National List National Bloc of Freedom Social Alternative The Right–Tricolour Flame

Mixed coalitions	Historic Compromise Grand Coalition

Politics of Italy
List of political parties in Italy
Current parties
19th-century parties

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