Third Republic of South Korea

Republic of Korea
대한민국
大韓民國
1963–1972
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem
Aegukga
Capital Seoul
Languages Korean
Government Republic under a military dictatorship
President
   1962–1979 Park Chung-hee
Prime Minister
  19631964 Choi Tu-son
  19641970 Chung Il-kwon
  19701971 Baek Du-jin
  19711972 Kim Jong-pil
Legislature National Assembly
Historical era Cold War
   Established 1963
   Yushin Constitution 1972
Currency South Korean won
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Supreme Council for National Reconstruction
Fourth Republic of South Korea
Today part of  South Korea
Part of a series on the
History of South Korea
USAMGIK 194548
First Republic 194860
 : Korean War 195053
 : Syngman Rhee administration 194860
 : April Revolution 1960
 : Heo Jeong Caretaker Government 1960
Second Republic 196061
 : Jang Myeon Cabinet 196061
 : May 16 coup 1961
Constitutional Vacuum 196163
 : Yoon Bo-seon administration 196162
 : First Junta 196163
Third Republic 196372
 : Park Chung-hee administration 196372
 : Self-coup of Park Chung-hee 1972
Fourth Republic 197281
 : Assassination of Park Chung-hee 1979
 : Coup d'état of December Twelfth 1979
 : Coup d'état of May Seventeenth 1980
 : Gwangju Uprising 1980
 : Second Junta 198081
Fifth Republic 198187
 : Chun Doo-hwan administration 198187
 : June Democratic Uprising 1987
 : Grand Labor Struggle 1987
Sixth Republic 1987present
 : Roh Tae-woo administration 198793
 : Kim Young-sam administration 199398
 : National Moratorium 19972001
 : Kim Dae-jung administration 19982003
 : Roh Moo-hyun administration 20032008
 : Lee Myung-bak administration 20082013
 : Park Geun-hye administration 2013present
South Korea portal

The Third Republic of South Korea was the government of South Korea from 1963 to 1972. It was presented as a return to civilian rule after a period of rule by the military junta known as the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction which had overthrown the Second Republic of South Korea in 1961. However, throughout this period the presidency was held by Park Chung-hee, who is the father of Park Geun-hye (current president of South Korea), who had also been an influential member of the junta. He left his military post in order to run as a civilian in the presidential election.

Park ran again in the election of 1967, taking 51.4% of the vote. At the time the presidency was constitutionally limited to two terms, but a constitutional amendment was forced through the National Assembly in 1969 to allow him to seek a third term. He was re-elected in the 1971 presidential election. The leading opposition candidate was Kim Dae-jung, who lost by a narrow margin.

The Third Republic of South Korea was replaced in 1972 by the Fourth Republic of South Korea under the Third Republic of South Korea's president Park Chung-hee.

Economy

The South Korean economy grew rapidly during the Third Republic. The South Korean government used the influx of foreign aid from Japan and the United States to provide loans to export businesses with no interest. It also supported the construction of the POSCO steel mill, which came online early in the Fourth Republic.

On December 6, 1971, Park declared a state of national emergency. On July 4 of the following year, he announced plans for reunification in a joint communique with North Korea. Park declared martial law on October 17, 1972, dissolving the National Assembly. He also announced plans to eliminate the popular election of the president.

Education

This period saw the introduction of several reforms and changes to the educational system. In 1968, the middle-school entrance examinations were abolished, placing all middle schools on an equal footing.

Also in 1968, a Charter of National Education was adopted. This document reflected the government's desire to emphasize nationalism and anti-communism in education. The charter outlined four goals: national revitalization, creating self-reliant individuals, promulgating a new cooperative image of the nation, and supporting anti-communism.

Likewise, the government sought to reduce political activism among college students by increasing academic competition. The government allowed universities and colleges to recruit up to 130% of their graduation quota, so that students would be forced to compete against one another in order to graduate. However, student activism continued at a reduced level despite these measures.

International relations

The Third Republic of South Korea began to take an increasingly prominent role in international relations. Relations with Japan were normalized in an agreement ratified on August 14, 1965. The government continued its close ties with the United States, and continued to receive large amounts of foreign aid. A status of forces agreement was concluded in 1965, clarifying the legal situation of the U.S. forces stationed there. Soon thereafter, South Korea entered the Vietnam War, eventually sending a total of 300,000 soldiers to fight alongside the United States and South Vietnam.

Notes

  1. ^ Yonhap (2004, p. 271).
  2. ^ Nahm (1996, p. 423); Yonhap, loc. cit.
  3. ^ Nahm (1996, p. 424)
  4. ^ KOIS (2003, p. 336)
  5. ^ KOIS (2003, p. 336); Yang (1999, p. 757)
  6. ^ Yang (loc. cit.)
  7. ^ Cumings (1997, p. 320).
  8. Cumings (1997, p. 321).
  9. ^ Nahm (1996, p. 425).

See also

References

    Coordinates: 37°35′N 127°0′E / 37.583°N 127.000°E / 37.583; 127.000

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