Thomas Murner
Thomas Murner, OFM (24 December 1475-c. 1537) was a German satirist, poet and translator.[1]
He was born at Oberehnheim (Obernai) near Strasbourg. In 1490 he entered the Franciscan order, and in 1495 began travelling, studying and then teaching and preaching in Freiburg-im-Breisgau, Paris, Cracow and Strasbourg itself. The emperor Maximilian I crowned him in 1505 poeta laureatus; in 1506, he was created doctor theologiae, and in 1513 was appointed custodian of the Franciscan monastery in Strasbourg, an office which he was forced to vacate the following year for having published a scurrilous book. Later in life, in 1518, he began the study of jurisprudence at the University of Basel, and in 1519 took the degree of doctor juris.
In the summer of 1523, at the invitation of Henry VIII, he went to England, where his writings had caught the attention of Thomas More.[2]
John Headley credits Murner for making More aware of the radical nature of Luther's ecclesiology.[3] Henry VIII felt that Murner was an important orthodox influence in Strasbourg and give him £100 and a letter to the city magistrates.[4]
After this stay, and a journey in Italy, he again settled in Strasbourg, but, disturbed by the Protestant Reformation, went into exile at Lucerne in Switzerland in 1526. In 1533 he was appointed priest of Oberehnheim, where he died in 1537, or, according to some accounts, in 1536.
Murner was an energetic and passionate character, but made enemies wherever he went. There is little human kindness in his satires, which were directed against the corruption of the times, the Reformation, and especially against Martin Luther. His most powerful satire—the most virulent German satire of the period—is Von dem grossen Lutherischen Narren wie ihn Doctor Murner beschworen hat ("On the Great Lutheran Fool", 1522).[5] Others included Die Narrenbeschwörung (1512); Die Schelmenzunft (1512); Die Gäuchmatt, which treats of enamoured fools (1519), and a translation of Virgil's Aeneid (1515) dedicated to the emperor Maximilian I. Murner also wrote the humorous Chartiludium logicae (1507) and the Ludus studentum Friburgensium (1511), besides a translation of Justinian's Institutiones (1519).
Murner's satires were edited in the 1840s by Johann Scheible.
Notes
- ↑
Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Thomas Murner". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. - ↑ Gogan, Brian (1982). "The Common Corps of Christendom: Ecclesiological Themes in the Writings of Sir Thomas More". Brill. Retrieved 2009-08-30.
- ↑ Headley, John M. (1967). "Thomas Murner, Thomas More, and the First Expression of More's Ecclesiology". Studies in the Renaissance, 14. Retrieved 2009-08-31.
- ↑ Dowling, Maria (1986). Humanism in the age of Henry VIII. Croom Helm. Retrieved 2009-08-31.
- ↑ Thomas, Calvin (1909). A History of German Literature. New York: D. Appleton & Co. Retrieved 2009-12-14.
References
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Murner, Thomas". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.