Timeline of radio

The timeline of radio lists within the history of radio, the technology and events that produced instruments that use radio waves and activities that people undertook. Later, the history is dominated by programming and contents, which is closer to general history.

Origins and developments

Although the title "inventor of radio" is popularly attributed to Guglielmo Marconi, his was just the practical application of 80 years of scientific advancement in the field including the predictions of Michael Faraday, the theoretical work of James Clerk Maxwell, and the experimental demonstrations of Heinrich Rudolf Hertz.[1]

1887 experimental setup of Hertz's apparatus.

Spark-gap telegraphy

Using various patents, the company called "British Marconi" was established and began communication between coast radio stations and ships at sea. This company, along with its subsidiary American Marconi, had a stranglehold on ship to shore communication. It operated much the way American Telephone and Telegraph operated until 1983, owning all of its own equipment and refusing to communicate with non-Marconi equipped ships. Many inventions improved the quality of radio, and amateurs experimented with uses of radio, thus the first seeds of broadcasting were planted. Around the turn of the century, the Slaby-Arco wireless system was developed by Adolf Slaby and Georg von Arco (later incorporated into Telefunken).

A spark-gap transmitter for generating radio frequency electromagnetic waves. Such devices served as the transmitters for most early wireless systems.

Audio broadcasting (1915 to 1950s)

Ad for an Atwater Kent radio receiver in the Ladies' Home Journal (September, 1926)

Westinghouse was brought into the patent allies group, General Electric, American Telephone and Telegraph, and Radio Corporation of America, and became a part owner of RCA. All radios made by GE and Westinghouse were sold under the RCA label 60% GE and 40% Westinghouse. ATT's Western Electric would build radio transmitters. The patent allies attempted to set up a monopoly, but they failed due to successful competition. Much to the dismay of the patent allies, several of the contracts for inventor's patents held clauses protecting "amateurs" and allowing them to use the patents. Whether the competing manufacturers were really amateurs was ignored by these competitors.

These features arose:

Later 20th century developments

Telex on radio

Telegraphy did not go away on radio. Instead, the degree of automation increased. On land-lines in the 1930s, Teletypewriters automated encoding, and were adapted to pulse-code dialing to automate routing, a service called telex. For thirty years, telex was the absolute cheapest form of long-distance communication, because up to 25 telex channels could occupy the same bandwidth as one voice channel. For business and government, it was an advantage that telex directly produced written documents.

Telex systems were adapted to short-wave radio by sending tones over single sideband. CCITT R.44 (the most advanced pure-telex standard) incorporated character-level error detection and retransmission as well as automated encoding and routing. For many years, telex-on-radio (TOR) was the only reliable way to reach some third-world countries. TOR remains reliable, though less-expensive forms of e-mail are displacing it. Many national telecom companies historically ran nearly pure telex networks for their governments, and they ran many of these links over short wave radio.

See also

References

  1. The Early History of Radio. Retrieved 11 December 2015.
  2. 1 2 T. K. Sarkar, Robert Mailloux, Arthur A. Oliner, M. Salazar-Palma, Dipak L. Sengupta , History of Wireless, John Wiley & Sons - 2006, pages 258-261
  3. "Galvani-3". Retrieved 11 December 2015.
  4. "Observations of Electromagnetic-Wave Radiation before Hertz". JSTOR 227753.
  5. http://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/0407773.pdf
  6. 1 2 http://scans.library.utoronto.ca/pdf/9/18/elementarymanual00flem/elementarymanual00flem.pdf
  7. Albert E. Moyer, Joseph Henry: The rise of an American scientist, Smithsonian institution press - 1994, pages 172-176
  8. Princeton University. "Henry & Radio". Retrieved 11 December 2015.
  9. T. K. Sarkar, Robert Mailloux, Arthur. A. Oliner, M. Salazar-Palma, Dipak L. Sengupta, History of Wireless - 2006, page 260
  10. web.pdx.edu/~bseipel/Lecture%20notes%206-%20203%20EMwaves.pdf
  11. G. R. M. Garratt, The Early History of Radio: From Faraday to Marconi, IET - 1994, page 27
  12. W. Bernard Carlson, Innovation as a Social Process: Elihu Thomson and the Rise of General Electric, Cambridge University Press - 2003, page 59
  13. "Etheric Force". Retrieved 11 December 2015.
  14. W. Bernard Carlson, Innovation as a Social Process: Elihu Thomson and the Rise of General Electric, Cambridge University Press - 2003, pages 57-58
  15. W. Bernard Carlson, Innovation as a Social Process: Elihu Thomson and the Rise of General Electric, Cambridge University Press - 2003, pages 60
  16. edison.rutgers.edu, patent 00465971
  17. 1 2 3 4 "5. Radio at Sea (1891-1922)". Retrieved 11 December 2015.
  18. "8. Alternator-Transmitter Development (1891-1922)". Retrieved 11 December 2015.
  19. 1 2 Intellectual Property Law for Engineers and Scientists. Retrieved 11 December 2015.
  20. 1 2 Sungook Hong, Wireless: From Marconi's Black-box to the Audion, page 4
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  22. W. Bernard Carlson, Tesla: Inventor of the Electrical Age, page 127
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  24. T. K. Sarkar, Robert Mailloux, Arthur A. Oliner, M. Salazar-Palma, Dipak L. Sengupta , History of Wireless, John Wiley & Sons - 2006, page 263
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  28. Bernard Harte, When Radio Was The Cat's Whiskers, 2002, privately published Dural, NSW
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  30. Corum, Kenneth L., Corum, James F. (2003). "Tesla's Colorado Spring Receivers" (PDF). Tesla Memorial Society of New York. Retrieved 21 June 2011.
  31. 1 2 Hugh Richard Slotten (2000). Radio and Television Regulation: Broadcast Technology in the United States 1920–1960. JHU Press. pp. 6–8. ISBN 0-8018-6450-X.
  32. 1 2 Jean-Michel Redouté, Michiel Steyaert, EMC of Analog Integrated Circuits, page 3. Books.google.com. Retrieved 2013-03-18.
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  34. "Nikola Tesla: The Guy Who DIDN'T "Invent Radio"". Retrieved 11 December 2015.
  35. Robert Sobot, Wireless Communication Electronics:Introduction to RF Circuits and Design Techniques, page 4. Books.google.com. 2012-02-18. Retrieved 2013-03-18.

External links

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