Treaty of Moscow (1921)

The Treaty of Moscow or Treaty of Brotherhood was a friendship treaty between the Grand National Assembly of Turkey (TBMM), under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, and Bolshevist Russia, under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, signed on 16 March 1921. Neither the Republic of Turkey nor the Soviet Union was established at the time; the internationally recognized Turkish government at the time was that of sultan Mehmed VI, but it was not party to the Treaty of Moscow; it had signed the Treaty of Sèvres, which had been repudiated by the Kemalists.

Under the Treaty of Moscow,^[1] the two governments undertook to establish friendly relations between the countries. The treaty stipulated that the term "Turkey" therein meant the territories included in the National Oath adopted by the Ottoman Parliament on 28 January 1920.

Article VI of the Treaty declared all the treaties theretofore concluded between Russia and Turkey to be null and void; under Article II, Turkey ceded Batum and the adjacent area north of the village of Sarp to Georgia (Kars Oblast went to Turkey); Article III instituted an autonomous Nakhchivan oblast under Azerbaijan's protectorate; under Article V, the parties agreed to delegate the final elaboration of the status of the Black Sea and the Straits to a future conference of delegates of the littoral states provided that the "full sovereignty" and security of Turkey and "her capital city of Constantinople" were not injured.

Turkey's borders, as well as those of Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan, as defined by the treaty as well as the identical Treaty of Kars (signed on October 13, 1921), are still in existence.

References

↑ Документы внешней политики СССР. Moscow, 1959, Vol. III, pp. 597-604.

External links

Turkish War of Independence

Concepts

Local congresses

Elections

Issues

Campaigns

British (Allies)	İstanbul

Revolts	Koçgiri rebellion Konya Rebellion Kuva-yi Inzibatiye Revolt of Ahmet Anzavur

Armenia	Oltu Sarıkamış Kars Alexandropol

French	Marash Urfa Aintab Karboğazı

Greek	Smyrna, 1919 (Occupation) Urla Malgaç Bergama Erbeyli Erikli Tellidede Aydın Akbaş Summer Offensive (1920) Gediz 1st İnönü 2nd İnönü Eskişehir Sakarya Dumlupınar Great Offensive

Agreements

Allies	Conference of London San Remo conference Paris Peace Conference

Ottoman	Misak-ı Millî Treaty of Sèvres

National Assembly	Treaty of Alexandropol Treaty of Moscow (1921) Conference of London Cilicia Peace Treaty Treaty of Ankara (1921) Treaty of Kars Conference of London Armistice of Mudanya Conference of Lausanne Treaty of Lausanne

Timeline

World War I treaties

During the war	Sykes–Picot St.-Jean-de-Maurienne French–Armenian Damascus Protocol London Brest-Litovsk Ukraine Batum

Paris Peace Conference	Versailles Saint-Germain-en-Laye Neuilly-sur-Seine Trianon Sèvres

Aftermath

Rapallo (1920) Tartu (1920) Warsaw Riga (1920) Suwałki Alexandropol Moscow Riga (1921) Tartu (1921) Cilicia Ankara Kars Lausanne Rapallo (1922) Territories of the Former Austro-Hungarian Monarchy Italian Reparation Payments Sino-German Peace Treaty

Montreux	Regime of the Turkish Straits Abolition of the Capitulations in Egypt

British (Egypt)	Denmark Greece Norway Sweden Portugal

See also: Fourteen Points
Partitioning of the Ottoman Empire

Treaties of Turkey

During the War of Independence	Treaty of Alexandropol (Gyumri) Cilicia Peace Treaty Treaty of Moscow Treaty of Kars Treaty of Ankara Armistice of Mudanya Treaty of Lausanne

After Proclamation of the Republic	Greco-Turkish Friendship Agreement Balkan Pact Montreux Convention Treaty of Saadabad German–Turkish Non-Aggression Pact Zürich and London Agreements Ankara Agreement The Agreement on Strategic Partnership and Mutual Support

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