Trichoglossum

Trichoglossum
Trichoglossum hirsutum
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Fungi
Division:	Ascomycota
Class:	Geoglossomycetes
Order:	Geoglossales
Family:	Geoglossaceae
Genus:	Trichoglossum Boud. (1885)
Type species
Trichoglossum hirsutum (Pers.) Boud. (1907)

Trichoglossum is a genus of fungi in the family Geoglossaceae. They are commonly called hairy earth tongues. The type species is Trichoglossum hirsutum.^[1]

Members of the genus Trichoglossum have tiny hairs known as setae on the spore bearing surface. The related genus Geoglossum lacks hairs on the spore bearing surface.

History

The genus Trichoglossum was created by Émile Boudier,^[2] who constructed the new genus to include species of Geoglossum bearing prominent setae. Numerous authors have examined this genus since its creation,^[3][4][5] with many new species and varieties described. Index Fungorum currently lists 47 names, including forms and varieties, while Kirk et al. (2008)^[6] acknowledge 19 species. Published molecular phylogenetic research also supports the genus as a well-supported clade.^[7][8][9]

Location

Trichoglossum species are found in woodlands in North America and Europe, as well as Asia,^[4] Australasia,^[10] India,^[11] and South America.^[12][13]

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  Trichoglossum hirsutum spores 400x phase contrast
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  Trichoglossum hirsutum spores 400x brightfield

Species

• Trichoglossum cheliense F.L.Tai 1944
• Trichoglossum confusum E.J.Durand 1921
• Trichoglossum farlowii (Cooke) E.J.Durand 1908
• Trichoglossum gracile Pat. 1909
• Trichoglossum hirsutum (Pers.) Boud. 1907
• Trichoglossum kunmingense F.L.Tai 1944
• Trichoglossum leucosporum Benkert & Hardtke 1988
• Trichoglossum octopartitum Mains 1940
• Trichoglossum persoonii F.L.Tai 1944
• Trichoglossum peruvianum E.K.Cash 1958
• Trichoglossum qingchengense W.Y.Zhuang 1997
• Trichoglossum rasum Pat. 1909
• Trichoglossum rehmianum (Henn.) E.J. Durand 1908
• Trichoglossum sinicum F.L.Tai 1944
• Trichoglossum tetrasporum Sinden & Fitzp. 1930
• Trichoglossum variabile (E.J.Durand) Nannf. 1942
• Trichoglossum velutipes (Peck) E.J.Durand 1908
• Trichoglossum walteri (Berk.) E.J.Durand 1908
• Trichoglossum wrightii (E.J.Durand) E.J.Durand 1921

External links

• Trichoglossum at Mushroom Observer -
• Index Fungorum Trichoglossum record -
• California Fungi - Trichoglossum hirsutum -
• Key to Club Fungi in the PNW -

References

1. "Index Fungorum - Trichoglossum Genus".
2. Boudier, É. 1885. Nouvelle classification naturelle des Discomycetese charnus connus generalement sous le nom de Pezizales. Bulletin Societe Mycologique de France 1: 91–120.
3. Durand, EJ. 1908. The Geoglossaceae of North America. Annales Mycologici 6: 387–477.
4. Imai S. 1941. Geoglossaceae Japoniae. Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido Imperial University 45: 155–264.
5. Mains EB. 1954. North American Species of Geoglossum and Trichoglossum. Mycologia 46: 586–631.
6. Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. 2008. Dictionary of the Fungi, 10th ed. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.
7. Sandnes ACS. 2006. Phylogenetic relationships among species and genera of Geoglossaceae (Helotiales) based on ITS and LSU nrDNA sequences. Cand. Scient. Thesis. The University of Oslo, Norway
8. Schoch CL, Wang Z, Townsend JP, Spatafora JW. 2009. Geoglosomycetes cl. nov., Geoglossales ord. nov. and taxa above class rank in the Ascomycota tree of life. Persoonia 22: 129–138.
9. Hustad VP, Miller AN, Moingeon J-M, Priou J-P. 2011. Inclusion of Nothomitra in Geoglossomycetes. Mycosphere 2: 646–654.
10. Spooner BM. 1987. Helotiales of Australasia: Geoglossaceae, Orbiliaceae, Sclerotiniaceae, Hyaloscyphaceae. Bibliotheca Mycologica 116: 1–711.
11. Maas Geesteranus RA. 1965. Geoglossaceae of India and Adjacent Countries. Persoonia 4(1): 19–46.
12. Gamundi I. 1979. Subantarctic Geoglossaceae II. Sydowia 32: 86-98
13. Hladki AI, Romero AI. 2009. La familia Geoglossaceae s. str. (Helotiales) en la provincia de Tucumán (Argentina). Boletín de la Sociedad Argentina de Botánica 44 (3-4): 249–255.