Vaccinium padifolium

Vaccinium padifolium
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Asterids
Order:	Ericales
Family:	Ericaceae
Genus:	Vaccinium
Species:	V. padifolium
Binomial name
Vaccinium padifolium J.E. Sm. ex A.Rees

Vaccinium padifolium, Madeira blueberry, is very common at altitudes between 800-1700 m. It grows mainly in crevices and exposed slopes and mountain plains. Fruits are used in preservers. Endemic to the islands of Madeira and Porto Santo, Portugal.

Description

Semi-evergreen scrub to small tree 1.5-6 m tall. New branches generally reddish and pubescent. Leaves often flushed dark red in autumn 2.5-7 x 1-2(2.5) cm, oblong to elliptic, acute to acuminate, petiole short, pubescent. Calyx 3-4 mm, with 5 short, broad lobes up to 1.5 mm. Flowers on curved pedicels in erect, axillary, bracteates racemes. Corolla, 7-10 mm, globose to campanulate, the lobes very short. There are often five broad rose stripes on the white corolla. Berries up to 12 x 10 mm, ripening blue-black.

Chemistry

The blue color of the berries is due to anthocyanins (Delphinidin 3-O-α-rhamnoside and anthocyanins triglycosides).^[1]

Picture gallery

• 
  Vaccinium padifolium shrubs on a slope in front of a view towards São Vicente in Madeira, Portugal.
• 
  Vaccinium padifolium bushes on a slope in front of a view towards São Vicente.
• 
  Vaccinium padifolium.
• 
  Vaccinium padifolium, flowers.
• 
  Vaccinium padifolium.
• 
  Vaccinium padifolium, autumn leaves.
• 
  Vaccinium padifolium, over 2 m high shrub.

References

1. Anthocyanin trisaccharides in blue berries of Vaccinium padifolium. Luis Cabrita, Nils Åge Frøystein and Øyvind M. Andersen, Food Chemistry, Volume 69, Issue 1, April 2000, Pages 33–36, doi:10.1016/S0308-8146(99)00230-7

• Flora Endémica da Madeira, Roberto Jardim, David Francisco, Múchia, Publicações, 1ªed, 2000, Portugal, ISBN 972-8622-00-7
• J. R. Press and M. J. Short, Flora of Madeira, ISBN 9781 898 29880 9, 2001, Natural History Museum, UK,