Silver Line (Washington Metro)

Silver Line
Overview
Type Rapid transit
System Washington Metro
Status Operating (phase 1)
Under construction (phase 2)[1]
Locale Fairfax County and Arlington, VA
Washington, D.C.
Prince George's County, MD
Termini Wiehle – Reston East (current, West)
Ashburn (future terminus, West)
Largo Town Center (East)
Stations 28 (6 planned)
Operation
Opened July 26, 2014 (2014-07-26) (Phase 1)
2020 (2020) (Phase 2 extension)[2]
Operator(s) Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority
Character At-grade, elevated, and underground
Technical
Line length 29.6 mi (47.6 km) (11.5 mi (18.5 km) planned)
Number of tracks 2
Track gauge 4 ft 8 1⁄4 in (1,429 mm)
Electrification Third rail 750 V DC
Route map

Legend
Ashburn
Loudoun Gateway
Washington Dulles
International Airport
Washington Dulles International Airport
Innovation Center
 Herndon
 Reston Town Center
Wiehle–Reston East
Phase 2
Phase 1
 Spring Hill
 Greensboro
Tysons Corner
I-495
Capital Beltway
 McLean
to Vienna
East Falls Church
 Ballston–MU
 Virginia Square–GMU
 Clarendon
 Court House
 to Franconia–Springfield
 Rosslyn
I-66
Custis Memorial Parkway
 Potomac River
VA
DC
 Foggy Bottom–GWU
Farragut West
Farragut North
McPherson Square
Metro Center
Federal Triangle
 Smithsonian
 Amtrak Amtrak & VRE Virginia Railway Express
L'Enfant Plaza and
L'Enfant Plaza (VRE)
 Federal Center SW
I-395
Third Street Tunnel
Amtrak First Street Tunnel
 Capitol South
 CSX Transportation RF&P
 Eastern Market
 Potomac Avenue
 Stadium–Armory
Anacostia River
 to New Carrollton
DC-295
Anacostia Freeway
 Benning Road
Washington, D.C.
Maryland
 Capitol Heights
Addison Road
Morgan Boulevard
I-495
Capital Beltway
Largo Town Center

The Silver Line of the Washington Metro in the United States consists of 28 existing and six planned rapid transit stations from Wiehle - Reston East to Largo Town Center. It has stations in Fairfax County and Arlington, Virginia, the District of Columbia, and Prince George's County, Maryland. Five stations are shared with the Orange Line alone, thirteen with both the Orange and Blue lines from Rosslyn to Stadium–Armory, and five stations shared with the Blue Line to both lines' eastern terminus at Largo Town Center. Only five stations are exclusive to the Silver Line, which began service on July 26, 2014.[3]

The 11.7 miles (18.8 km) portion of the Silver Line between its split from the Orange Line and Wiehle - Reston East station is in Fairfax County, Virginia and was constructed as Phase 1 of the Dulles Corridor Metrorail Project.[4] Phase 2 will expand the line another 11.5 miles (18.5 km) to Loudoun County via Washington Dulles International Airport and add six stations to the line. Preliminary construction of Phase 2 began in 2014 and is scheduled to open in 2019.[4][5][6][7][8] The $6.8 billion project is the largest expansion by route mileage since the inception of Metro in 1976.[9][10]

Description

The Silver Line has two primary goals. The first is to link Washington, D.C. by rail to Washington Dulles International Airport and the edge cities of Tysons Corner, Reston, Herndon, and Ashburn. The second is to spur urban development in Tysons Corner and reduce overall reliance on highway traffic in the business district, Virginia's largest and the 12th-largest in the country. The district's area is comparable in size to downtown Washington, D.C., but is rather insulated from its surrounding neighborhoods and has no existing grid pattern in its streets.[11] The Silver Line would also improve public access to the Udvar-Hazy Center, an annex of National Air and Space Museum located near Dulles Airport; Virginia Regional Transit currently runs a shuttle bus from the airport to Udvar-Hazy.[12]

The pre-existing portions of the Silver Line, which became the Orange and Blue Lines, opened on July 1, 1977 from Stadium-Armory to Rosslyn, on December 11, 1979 from Rosslyn to Ballston, November 22, 1980 from Stadium-Armory to Addison Road, June 7, 1986 from Ballston-MU through East Falls Church and December 18, 2004 from Addison Road to Largo Town Center. Unlike all prior segments of the Metrorail system, which were designed and constructed by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA), this line will be designed and constructed by the Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority (MWAA) and operated by WMATA. The first phase of the project is funded 43% by $900 million of federal funding, 28% by a special tax district on commercial property proximate to the Silver Line route and 28% by a $0.50 toll increase on the Dulles Toll Road.[13] Funding for the second phase of the project will be shared by Loudoun County, Fairfax County, the Commonwealth of Virginia and the MWAA.[13]

While the Silver Line was originally planned to terminate at Stadium-Armory, in 2012 the plan was changed for the line to end at Largo Town Center instead, because Stadium-Armory's pocket track is too short for trains to turn around.[14] It follows the Blue and Orange Line tracks through DC, continuing through Arlington along the Orange Line and branching off immediately east of the West Falls Church station. The new tracks run in the median of the Dulles Connector Road to an elevated bridge, which takes them over Virginia Route 123. Two elevated stops along the west side of Route 123 serve the national headquarters of CapitalOne, SAIC and two enclosed Tysons Corner shopping malls. The tracks then enter a tunnel which emerges in the median of Virginia Route 7. Two elevated stations above Route 7 serve the western section of Tysons Corner. The elevated track then swings into the median of the Dulles Access Road until it reaches the airport. Along the way, five new stations would be built with platforms in the median of the access road and a faregate and pedestrian bridges to parking areas elevated above the highway. In anticipation of the Herndon station being built, in 1999 Fairfax County constructed a 1,750-space parking garage with ramps to the Dulles Access Road toll lanes and this facility is being used for bus commuters on an interim basis. The garage has drawn criticism because of alleged construction flaws.[15] As currently planned, upon reaching the airport the track will enter a tunnel which will follow the path of the arrivals driveway of the airport terminal to a station located close to the terminal. The track would leave the tunnel near the airport hotel and economy parking lots and would head north parallel to the main runways. A storage yard and maintenance facility would branch off to the west occupying the airport's buffer zone north of the end of its major runways. The final two stops would be in the median of the Dulles Greenway, serving the Ashburn suburb.[16] Hence, the line is expected to draw both airport traffic and commuters from the far western suburbs of Washington, DC. Buses currently provide these users with limited public transportation. In contrast, the Silver Line is expected to provide trains once every six minutes during rush hours and once every fourteen minutes during non-rush hours.[17]

Metro's new 7000 series cars have been ordered at a price of $3 million per car,[18] 64 of which are for Silver Line service.[18] The contract was signed on July 2, 2010 for 428 cars.[19]

Panoramic view of Silver Line Phase I project under construction between the Tysons Corner station on Route 123 at Tysons Boulevard and the overpass on the Capital Beltway (I-495).

History

Planning

The federal government, which owned and operated Dulles Airport before Congress created the MWAA, built the Dulles Access Road in the 1960s to connect the airport to Washington by way of Interstate 66. As the access road was built, the government opted to reserve the median of the road for some form of rail transit,[20] and the nearby West Falls Church station was designed so that the line could eventually be extended in this direction.[21] The original 1968 Metrorail plan included an eventual extension to Dulles airport.[22] In 1969, Senator William Spong of Virginia tried unsuccessfully to have the extension to Dulles be built as part of an early stage of the system rather than having it be built at some unspecified time in the future.[23] A 1971 study of the feasibility of Metrorail running to Dulles[24] estimated that 30,000 people would ride the extension each day.[25]

In 1995, the Virginia General Assembly authorized the Commonwealth Transportation Board (CTB) to provide for "additional improvements to the Dulles Toll Road and Dulles Access Road corridor... including, but not limited to, mass transit, including rail and capacity-enhancing treatments... from surplus net revenues of the Dulles Toll Road".[26]

In 1998, Raytheon Engineers and Constructors proposed to build and operate a Dulles Corridor Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system.[7] In January 1999, the Tysons-Dulles Corridor Group (which included Bechtel Corporation and West*Group) offered a competing BRT proposal that would ultimately extend the rail line to Ashburn.[7] These proposals prompted the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) to evaluate the merits of BRT and heavy rail public transit in the corridor.

As originally planned, Silver Line trains were to reverse course using the D98 pocket track east of the Stadium Armory stop. Safety concerns raised in December 2012 required service to extend to Largo Town Center.

Local residents and officials had talked of a Metro extension to Dulles since the Washington Metro began service in 1976,[7] but significant planning did not begin until 2000. The Dulles Corridor Rapid Transit Project "scoping" process began in April 2000 with a series of meetings with local and federal officials, designed to collect the necessary authorities for the project. Local and federal law required extensive Analysis of Alternatives – the two most likely being bus lanes or inaction – and of the environmental impact. The rail-only line won over the other alternatives. Initial environmental hearings, which closed on August 28, 2002, were positive. Although planners originally considered ending the first phase at Tysons Corner, state officials decided that the first phase would end at Reston's Wiehle Avenue, partially to reassure the Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority that the line would eventually run to Dulles Airport.[27] The project received formal approval on June 10, 2004.[7]

In February 2005, the CTB approved a 50 cent increase in the Dulles Toll Road toll rates, effective May 22, 2005, and "reaffirm[ed] that no less than 85 percent of existing surplus Dulles Toll Road net revenues shall be dedicated for mass transit and rail in the [Dulles] Corrdor" and provided "that all additional toll revenue generated from the May 22, 2005 toll adjustment shall be dedicated to the [Metrorail] Project."[28] Between July 1, 2003, and November 1, 2008, when the toll road was transferred to MWAA, over $138 million in net surplus toll revenue (together with accumulated interest) was provided to MWAA for the Silver Line project.[29]

Financing

Although the original financing plan called for a 50-cent toll increase on the Dulles Toll Road to finance the Silver Line (25 cents at the main plaza and 25 cents at the ramp plazas), the increase in projected costs resulted in the MWAA Board approving an increase in the surcharges. Effective January 1, 2010, the fare surcharge was increased to 50 cents at both the main plaza and ramp plazas, with additional 25-cent increases in main-plaza tolls set for 2011 and 2012.[30] These toll surcharges are designed to support MWAA's 52.6% share of the projected $5.25 billion combined cost of Phase I and Phase II. MWAA has justified these toll increases as necessary to meet an estimated $220 million in annual debt-service costs projected by 2020.[31] These toll revenue requirements were based on the assumption that the federal government, although it contributed $900 million to Phase I, would not contribute funds for Phase II.[31]

As a result of the surcharge increases, the toll in 2012 will be $2.25,[32] or 16 cents per mile. The toll increase proposal drew 221 public comments and opponents outnumbered supporters by about 3 to 1.[32] However, as the cost estimate grew from $5.25 billion to $6.8 billion, no final decisions have been reached to address the projected shortfall.

Tysons Corner tunnel dispute

Early plans called for a tunnel running from before the McLean station to beyond the Spring Hill station, with all four stations in between being below ground. When the contractor hired to design the Silver Line – a consortium of Bechtel and Washington Group International – found the costs to be too high, the design was changed to use a short tunnel, running only between the Tysons Corner and Greensboro stations (underneath higher ground) with all four stations being at or above ground.[33] In March 2006, the contractor was ordered to examine an alternative "large bore" tunnel digging technique (successfully used in Europe) with the potential to lower costs of a tunnel through the entire Tysons section. The contractor found that there would not be a significant cost reduction and proposed staying with the short tunnel option.[34]

After allegations that the design contractor had inflated costs for the tunnel in order to avoid sharing the job with an outside tunneling contractor, the long tunnel concept was revived in April 2006. The allegations led to calls for an outside cost estimate to determine more realistic tunnel costs.[35] On May 15, 2006, Virginia Transportation Secretary Pierce R. Homer announced the creation of an advisory panel headed by the American Society of Civil Engineers. The panel had about two months to evaluate options for completing the line through Tysons Corner,[36] with the results presented to the state on July 27, 2006[37] and published on July 31, 2006.[38]

On September 6, 2006, Virginia Governor Tim Kaine announced his decision in favor of an elevated track through Tysons Corner. In his statement, Kaine said he believed a tunnel would be the best option, but decided against it, citing a fear of losing federal funding for the project.[39]

Shortly after Governor Kaine's decision, the Greater McLean Chamber of Commerce formed a coalition of tunnel supporters, called Tysons Tunnel, Inc. and put forth a technical proposal to help revive consideration of building a tunnel through Tysons Corner.[40] The Virginia Department of Rail and Public Transportation hired an independent consultant to assess the coalition's proposal. However, the consultant's report – sent to Secretary Homer on March 7, 2007 stated that "[t]here is a significant risk that the project cost of a Large Bore Tunnel would not meet the Federal Transit Administration's (FTA's) cost-effectiveness ratio criteria, which could compromise federal funding for the project".[41][42]

On November 26, 2007, Tysons Tunnel, Inc. filed a lawsuit against the United States Department of Transportation and the FTA in the Eastern District of Virginia challenging the denial of their petition to reopen and consider additional evidence regarding the benefits of a tunnel over the aerial option. Gary Baise, the Republican challenger to Gerry Connolly's Fairfax County Board of Supervisors Chairmanship, represented Tysons Tunnel.[43] By 2010, Tysons Tunnel, Inc. ceased operations.[44]

Start of construction was delayed as approval of the $900 million federal contribution to project costs awaited the conclusion of FTA's review of the proposal submitted by Virginia. Virginia government representatives, including Governor Tim Kaine and U.S. Senators John Warner and Jim Webb, arrived at the FTA on January 24, 2008 to address last minute concerns by FTA staff and administrators. FTA Administrator James Simpson presented Governor Kaine with a letter that contained stark criticisms of the project as presented. The project as presented was given a "medium–low" rating (projects must receive a "medium" or higher rating to be approved under the Federal New Starts Funds project) and determined ineligible to receive the $900 million in federal funding. FTA's concerns included the Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority's inexperience in large design-build contracts, an exaggeration of funding numbers from the Dulles Toll Road and an inability for Metro to maintain the 23-mile (37 km) line once it had been built. Virginia leaders vowed to address the concerns by January 28, 2008, as several fixed price contracts for building materials costs were due to expire on February 1.[45][46] Governor Kaine requested an extension of the deadline to February 1, which was granted by the FTA.[47]

On April 30, 2008, the FTA reversed the earlier decision and approved the above-ground project, saying that it met standards for cost efficiency, construction and ridership, moving it closer to receiving the $900 million in federal funding. Officials told The Washington Post that the project would move into the final design stage.[48] The FTA approved funding for the project on December 4, 2008.[49]

On March 10, 2009, U.S. Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood signed the formal agreement that awarded the $900 million promised by the federal government for construction of the Silver Line, with major construction expected to begin in several weeks. Utility relocation work started at Tysons Corner in mid-2008.[50]

Construction

MWAA planned to award a separate design-build contract for Phase II.[51] The Phase II contract was awarded in May 2013 and the projected completion date was to be in 2018.[5] However, it was later extended to 2019 or 2020.[8]

Although construction was planned to begin in 2005, the delays in approval of funding pushed back the start date. To facilitate Silver Line construction, responsibility for the project was transferred on November 1, 2008, from the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) to the MWAA. Utility relocation work began in 2008, and construction began on March 12, 2009.[7][52]

The extension runs in its own right-of-way on a route similar to that of the Dulles Access Road, running both at grade and via aerial structures. The only significant diversions from the access road route are for the stops in Tysons Corner and at Dulles International Airport, where the Metro is currently planned to alternate between subway and elevated track to maintain the exclusive right-of-way.

Service on Phase I of the Silver Line opened on July 26, 2014[3] between Wiehle – Reston East and Largo Town Center, with five new stations being added to the existing network west of East Falls Church. The full line to Ashburn, including a station at Dulles International Airport, is expected to be completed in 2018.[13]

One lane of southbound Virginia Route 123 in Tysons Corner was closed for a two-year period, starting on February 22, 2010, for construction of the McLean Metro station. The distance impacted was two blocks, from Scotts Crossing Road to the Capital Beltway.[53]

Pier support

Unused bridge pier near West Falls Church station in 2010, intended to support a Silver Line bridge

When the Orange Line was originally constructed in 1977, foundations for the bridges to carry the Silver Line over I-66 to the median of the Dulles Access Road were built up to ground level. These foundations included steel piles that were driven into the ground and capped with concrete. However, detailed records for these original foundations were lost. As a result, engineers asked for the foundations to be inspected by digging around them to determine the condition of each pile under the concrete foundation caps.[54]

Some of the foundations are located in confined spots adjacent to I-66 and the electrified third rail of the Orange Line, making access difficult. Dulles Transit Partners offered to inspect seven foundations that were easily accessible, but the FTA insisted that all foundations be tested. Dulles Transit Partners and MWAA agreed to test all foundations before the bridge piers were built upon them. This required the portion of the Orange Line between the West Falls Church and East Falls Church Metro stations to be taken out of service on weekends while the tests were conducted.[54] The foundations were acceptable and the bridge construction proceeded using the existing foundations.[55]

Controversy

There has been controversy over the contract between the MWAA and Dulles Transit Partners, which consists of Bechtel and Washington Group International. The $2.7 billion project was originally awarded by VDOT under the Virginia Public-Private Partnership Act, rather than by using conventional competitive bidding based upon a detailed specification. As a result, the contractor is allowed to both design and build the project with no upper cap on its cost. Problems could arise from the arrangement where MWAA is supervising the design and construction but ultimately WMATA must operate the Silver Line.[56] The contract provides for price escalation of $3 million to $6 million a month for delays.[57] VDOT transferred the contract to MWAA when MWAA took over the project in November 2008.

Opening of Phase I

The original schedule planned for revenue service to begin in 2013. The contractor reported to MWAA on February 7, 2014, that construction was complete. MWAA had fifteen days to review the documentation and decide whether it agreed, but on February 24 they announced that the contractor had failed to meet seven of twelve criteria outlined in the contract.[58][59]

On March 19, 2014, MWAA announced additional delays in the project due to public address speakers and a communications cable that did not meet code and did not offer a new completion date. They hoped to turn it over to WMATA by April 9, 2014.[60][61] WMATA requires an additional 90 days for testing and training.[62] The system then underwent 90 days of testing and staff training. This suggested, at the time, that the line could open as early as July 4, 2014.[63] On May 27, 2014, WMATA was handed over control of the line, with service to begin "within 90 days".[64] Finally, on June 24, 2014, it was revealed that the official opening date for the first five stations had been set for July 26.[60][65]

Pennant given to users of the Silver Line on its grand opening, July 26, 2014.

After a set of speeches and announcements prior to opening, which were televised on local cable television station News Channel 8, and attended by the Governor of Virginia, Terry McAuliffe, Metro General Manager Richard Sarles, the entire Metro Board of directors, District of Columbia Mayor Vincent C. Gray, and other regional politicians, a ribbon cutting took place at the Wiehle – Reston East, and shortly after noon on July 26, 2014, the five new stations were opened for passenger service.[66][67]

Although the Silver Line attracted riders, its average weekday boarding was 17,100 during its first year of operations instead of the projected 25,000 riders.[68]

Effect on the Metro map

A stylized map based on the September 2013 WMATA-produced official Silver Line map

Metro's iconic rail map, in distribution since Lance Wyman and Bill Cannan (Wyman & Cannan) designed it in 1976, takes – according to some observers – a "pop art" approach to representing its subway network.[69] The Metro rail map uses unusually "thick" strokes to mark its radial lines. To fit in the current space and make use of the iconography as currently proportioned, the map relies upon the fact that no more than two lines overlap at any single location.[70] The addition of the Silver Line creates a three-line overlap from Rosslyn to Stadium-Armory, a fact that led WMATA to publicly announce in 2010 that it was considering a new map design.[71] A number of unofficial attempts by graphic designers to redraw the Washington Metro map to include the Silver Line have done so by thinning the strokes throughout.[72]

In 2003, predating Booth's attempt, WMATA released a professionally designed graphic that displayed the Silver Line on an unofficial map that resembled the current version, but with thin lines. The interplay between Metro's unofficial proposal and those of other designers received attention in a number of press outlets.[69][72][73] A poster displaying a map of similar design has been hanging in DC Councilman Jack Evans' office for a number of years, but received scant attention until 2008.[74] Wyman, one of the original designers of the map, was confirmed as the layout specialist who would be redesigning the map by the Washington Post on June 4, 2011.[75]

A thick-line version of the map, released as part of Metro's Rush Plus plan, showed the Silver Line spurring off the Orange Line between the Ballston and East Falls Church stations in a northwesterly direction, with five unlabeled stops (the Phase I stations).[76] The final map released for the Silver Line's Phase I opening features the stations shared by the three lines as normal stations on the middle line with small white stubs extending into the adjoining lines.[77]

Phase II Dulles extension

While construction of Phase I to Wiehle – Reston East was under way, the funding and planning of Phase II through Dulles Airport continued. This included the adoption of a special taxing district by the Town of Herndon[78] and a public planning forum.[79] Early cost estimates for Phase II had been $2.75 billion, however a group of consultants increased the estimate in 2010 from $3.44 billion to $4.1 billion.[80]

On April 6, 2011, the MWAA Board voted 9 to 4 to build an underground station located 550 feet (170 m) from the airport terminal rather than an above-ground station 1,150 feet (350 m) away from the terminal. The underground station would be more convenient to travelers, but would come at an additional cost of $330 million and would extend the construction time of the project, delaying the expected opening to mid-2017.[81] Former Virginia Governor Bob McDonnell opposed the decision to build a more expensive underground station and threatened to withhold support for the project. U.S. Secretary of Transportation Ray LaHood offered to mediate the dispute.[82] On March 7, 2012, the projected $3.8 billion cost for Phase II was reduced to $2.7 billion with the elimination of the underground station at Dulles Airport and other cost savings.[83]

The extension of the Silver Line to Dulles and Loudoun County was in jeopardy until July 3, 2012, when the Loudoun County Board of Supervisors voted 5-4 to extend the line to Dulles Airport and into the county.[84]

On April 25, 2013, the Phase II contract was issued at a cost of $1.177 billion.[85] On August 20, 2014, the United States Department of Transportation announced that Phase II would be funded with a $1.28 billion Transportation Infrastructure Financial Innovation Act (TIFIA) loan. This delivers part of an approximately $1.87 billion combined commitment of TIFIA loans for Phase II, which represents the largest TIFIA assistance for a single project in the program's history.[86]

Cracks were discovered in some concrete support girders in July 2015, causing work to be temporarily halted.[87]

By July 2016, 30% of the Phase II project had been completed. The contractors reported that significant progress was made with regard to the structure of the line.[88]

List of stations

Stations are listed by their approved names.[89][90][91][92]

Station Code Opened Other Metro
Line(s)		 Notes
Ashburn N12 2020 (projected)[2] Future western terminus
Planning name: Route 772
Loudoun Gateway N11 2020 (projected)[2] Planning name: Route 606
Washington Dulles International Airport N10 2020 (projected)[2]
Innovation Center N09 2020 (projected)[2] Planning names: Route 28, Herndon – Dulles East
Herndon N08 2020 (projected)[2] Planning names: Herndon–Monroe, Herndon – Reston West
Reston Town Center N07 2020 (projected)[2] Planning name: Reston Parkway
Wiehle–Reston East N06 2014 Current western terminus
Spring Hill N04 2014
Greensboro N03 2014
Tysons Corner N02 2014
McLean N01 2014
East Falls Church K05 1986 Orange Line Orange Line Transfer station for the Orange Line (Western)
Ballston–MU K04 1979 Orange Line Orange Line
Virginia Square–GMU K03 1979 Orange Line Orange Line
Clarendon K02 1979 Orange Line Orange Line
Court House K01 1979 Orange Line Orange Line
Rosslyn C05 1977 Orange Line Orange Line Blue Line Blue Line Transfer station for the Blue Line
Foggy Bottom–GWU C04 1977 Orange Line Orange Line Blue Line Blue Line
Farragut West C03 1977 Orange Line Orange Line Blue Line Blue Line
McPherson Square C02 1977 Orange Line Orange Line Blue Line Blue Line
Metro Center C01 1976 Orange Line Orange Line Blue Line Blue Line Red Line Red Line Transfer station for the Red Line
Federal Triangle D01 1977 Orange Line Orange Line Blue Line Blue Line
Smithsonian D02 1977 Orange Line Orange Line Blue Line Blue Line
L'Enfant Plaza D03 1977 Orange Line Orange Line Blue Line Blue Line Yellow Line Yellow Line Green Line Green Line Transfer station for the Yellow and Green Lines
Federal Center SW D04 1977 Orange Line Orange Line Blue Line Blue Line
Capitol South D05 1977 Orange Line Orange Line Blue Line Blue Line
Eastern Market D06 1977 Orange Line Orange Line Blue Line Blue Line
Potomac Avenue D07 1977 Orange Line Orange Line Blue Line Blue Line
Stadium–Armory D08 1977 Orange Line Orange Line Blue Line Blue Line Transfer station for the Orange Line (Eastern)
Benning Road G01 1980 Blue Line Blue Line
Capitol Heights G02 1980 Blue Line Blue Line
Addison Road G03 1980 Blue Line Blue Line
Morgan Boulevard G04 2004 Blue Line Blue Line
Largo Town Center G05 2004 Blue Line Blue Line Current eastern terminus

References

  1. ↑ Aratani, Lori (May 1, 2014). "Silver Line to get nearly $2 billion in federal loan; toll road's rates unlikely to rise until 2018". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 31, 2014.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Second Phase Of Silver Line Delayed By At Least 13 Months". April 27, 2015. Retrieved April 27, 2015.
  3. 1 2 "All aboard! Metro's new Silver Line rolls down the tracks for the first time". Washington Post. Retrieved July 26, 2014.
  4. 1 2 "About". Silver Line Metro. Archived from the original on January 18, 2015. Retrieved April 21, 2015.
  5. 1 2 "Dulles Corridor Metrorail Project Newsletter". November 2012.
  6. ↑ Pompei, Penny (January 2008). "A Sad Day for the Dulles Metrorail Project". Reston Chamber of Commerce. Archived from the original on December 19, 2008. Retrieved January 31, 2013.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Project Timeline". MWAA. Archived from the original on April 21, 2015. Retrieved December 17, 2013.
  8. 1 2 Tuss, Adam (April 27, 2015). "Phase Two of Metro's Silver Line Substantially Delayed". NBC Washington.
  9. ↑ Holeywell, Ryan; Lippman, Daniel (April 2012). "The 5 Biggest U.S. Infrastructure Projects, Plus 5 at Risk". Governing. Retrieved April 15, 2012.
  10. ↑ Neibauer, Michael (March 9, 2012). "30 Years: Construction Begins on Dulles Metrorail Extension". Washington Business Journal. Retrieved April 15, 2012.
  11. ↑ "Silver Line Activation Plan" (PDF). WMATA. Retrieved June 28, 2014.
  12. ↑ "New Service to the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center". Virginia Regional Transit. Archived from the original on May 28, 2010. Retrieved February 9, 2010.
  13. 1 2 3 "Frequently Asked Questions". Virginia Department of Rail and Public Transportation. Retrieved January 14, 2008.
  14. ↑ Kahn, Nikki (December 5, 2012). "Metro details Silver Line service changes". The Washington Post.
  15. ↑ Turque, Bill (January 27, 2008). "Authorities Cringe as Va. Garage Crumbles". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 19, 2009.
  16. ↑ "Full Route Map" (PDF). MWAA. Retrieved November 30, 2010.
  17. ↑ "Metro Core Capacity Study" (PDF). WMATA. Retrieved November 30, 2010.
  18. 1 2 Tuss, Adam (March 22, 2010). "Metro's oldest rail cars will be rolling out of service". WTOP-FM. Retrieved November 30, 2010.
  19. ↑ Rein, Lisa; Kumar, Anita (July 2, 2010). "Metro's directors back $300 million accord with Va.". The Washington Post. p. B4. Retrieved April 14, 2012.
  20. ↑ "Dulles Metrorail History". Virginia Department of Rail and Public Transportation. Archived from the original on May 13, 2006. Retrieved August 12, 2006.
  21. ↑ Lynton, Stephen (July 17, 1983). "Metro's Behind Schedule, but Expansion is in View". The Washington Post. p. B1.
  22. ↑ "Metro to Have Eight Major Routes in District, Suburbs: Plan Is Result of Ten Years of Study, Discussions, Revisions by Areas". The Washington Post. March 2, 1968. p. B7.
  23. ↑ Eisen, Jack (June 10, 1969). "Metro Link To Dulles Is Spong's Aim". The Washington Post. p. A9.
  24. ↑ Eisen, Jack (December 19, 1969). "Senate Votes Study On Fast Rail Link To Dulles Airport". The Washington Post. p. B5.
  25. ↑ "D.C.-Dulles Metro Use Is Estimated". The Washington Post. September 12, 1971. p. A15.
  26. ↑ Chapter 560 of the 1995 Acts of the Assembly. Commonwealth of Virginia.
  27. ↑ Layton, Lyndsey; Shear, Michael D. (August 1, 2003). "Metrorail Plan May Be Tough Sell for Va.: Officials See Possible Difficulties in Gaining U.S. Funds for Extension to Reston Area". The Washington Post. p. B1.
  28. ↑ Shear, Michael D.; Ginsberg, Steven (March 27, 2006). "Toll Road To Fund Rail Line To Dulles". The Washington Post. p. A01.
  29. ↑ "Recommendation Paper to the Dulles Corridor and Finance Committees" (PDF). October 2009. p. 5. Retrieved December 19, 2009.
  30. ↑ "Airports Authority Board Approves Toll Rate Increases on Dulles Toll Road" (PDF). November 4, 2009. Retrieved November 30, 2010.
  31. 1 2 "Exhibit 3 to MWAA Toll Rate Increase Hearing" (PDF). Retrieved December 19, 2009.
  32. 1 2 Freeman, Sholnn (November 5, 2009). "Airport board raises rates for Dulles Toll Road: Commuters' objections fail to derail plan to help finance Metro extension". Washington Post. Retrieved December 19, 2009.
  33. ↑ Thorp, Gene (April 26, 2006). "Rail Tunnel Graphic". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 30, 2010.
  34. ↑ MacGillis, Alec (March 24, 2006). "Cost Dooms Metro Plan For Tunnel At Tysons". The Washington Post. p. A01. Retrieved May 23, 2010.
  35. ↑ MacGillis, Alec (April 26, 2006). "Tunnel Back On Table for Dulles Rail". The Washington Post. p. A01. Retrieved November 30, 2010.
  36. ↑ MacGillis, Alec (May 16, 2006). "Tunnel Decision Delayed 2 Months". The Washington Post. p. B01. Retrieved May 23, 2010.
  37. ↑ MacGillis, Alec (July 27, 2006). "Wolf, Davis Say Tunnel May Delay Dulles Rail". The Washington Post. p. A01. Retrieved May 23, 2010.
  38. ↑ "Panel Says Tunnel is Feasible for Tysons Corner" (Press release). American Society of Civil Engineers. July 31, 2006. Archived from the original on October 29, 2007. Retrieved November 30, 2010.
  39. ↑ MacGillis, Alec (September 7, 2006). "No Tunnel For Tysons, Kaine Says". The Washington Post. p. A01. Retrieved November 30, 2010.
  40. ↑ "TysonsTunnel". TysonsTunnel. December 1, 2006. Retrieved November 30, 2010.
  41. ↑ Carter & Burgess, Inc. (January 22, 2007). "Review of Large Bore Tunnel Engineering and Environmental Studies from Tysons Tunnel, Inc." (PDF). p. 41. Retrieved November 30, 2010.
  42. ↑ Tucker, Matthew O. (March 7, 2007). "Cover letter to consultant report, transmitted to Virginia Secretary of State" (PDF). Department of Rail and Public Transportation, Commonwealth of Virginia. Retrieved March 19, 2007.
  43. ↑ Tayloe, Monty (November 27, 2007). "Tysons Tunnel sues FTA". Fairfax Times. Retrieved January 6, 2008.
  44. ↑ "Letter from Tatyana Schum  – formerly with TysonsTunnel". dcurbanmon.com. Retrieved November 28, 2010.
  45. ↑ "Letter to Virginia Governor Tim Kaine" (PDF). Federal Transit Administration. January 24, 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 27, 2008. Retrieved November 30, 2010.
  46. ↑ "FTA Says Dulles Metrorail Project Full of Uncertainties". WRC-TV NBC 4, Washington, D.C. January 24, 2008. Archived from the original on June 1, 2008. Retrieved November 30, 2010.
  47. ↑ "FTA Grants Extension". WTOP News. January 29, 2008. Archived from the original on April 1, 2011. Retrieved January 29, 2008.
  48. ↑ Gardner, Amy (April 30, 2008). "Dulles Rail Set to Get Federal Approval". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 30, 2008.
  49. ↑ Gardner, Amy (December 4, 2008). "Silver Line To Dulles Wins Crucial Federal Okay". The Washington Post. p. A01. Retrieved December 7, 2008.
  50. ↑ Gardner, Amy (March 10, 2009). "Officials Formalize Funding for Dulles Metro Extension". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 10, 2009.
  51. ↑ Kravitz, Derek (November 9, 2010). "Metro stop's location could mar view of Dulles". The Washington Post. p. B5.
  52. ↑ Flook, William C. (March 23, 2009). "Commuters, employers prep for Tysons traffic nightmares". WTOP. Retrieved March 24, 2009.
  53. ↑ "Two Year Lane Closing on Southbound Route 123 Starts Feb. 22" (PDF). MWAA public notice. February 17, 2010. Retrieved February 19, 2010.
  54. 1 2 Rein, Lisa (December 4, 2009). "Extensive testing in new safety plan for Metro bridge". The Washington Post. p. B4. Retrieved December 19, 2009.
  55. ↑ Rein, Lisa (July 2, 2010). "Aging pier footings pass safety tests for Dulles Metrorail Project". The Washington Post. p. B4. Retrieved November 30, 2010.
  56. ↑ Assistant Inspector General of Surface and Maritime Programs, Department of Transportation (July 27, 2007). "Baseline Report on the Major Project Monitoring of the Dulles Corridor Metrorail Project". Retrieved November 30, 2010.
  57. ↑ Kravitz, Derek (August 5, 2007). "Costs to Rise for Metrorail to Dulles". The Washington Post. p. C4. Retrieved April 14, 2012.
  58. ↑ Aratani, Lori (February 7, 2014). "Contractor says Silver Line is complete; MWAA now has 15 days to decide". The Washington Post. photograph by Matt McClain. Retrieved February 8, 2014.
  59. ↑ Aratani, Lori (February 24, 2014). "Metro Silver Line faces another delay". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 23, 2014.
  60. 1 2 Aratani, Lori (March 19, 2014). "Problems with speakers, cable add to Silver Line delays". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 24, 2014.
  61. ↑ Schumitz, Kali (March 19, 2014). "The scramble to complete the Silver Line: MWAA officials still not prepared to share timeline for completion". Fairfax Times. Retrieved March 22, 2014.
  62. ↑ Cushman & Wakefield. "Silver Line". Washington Business Journal. Retrieved March 26, 2014. Construction of the five Metro stations was recently completed and developers are working on software testing. The system will go under 90 days of testing and staff training.
  63. ↑ Smith, Max; Ash, Ari (April 4, 2014). "Silver Line on track to open by July 4". WTOP. Retrieved April 5, 2014.
  64. ↑ "Metro takes control, Silver Line could open in 90 days". ABC 7. May 27, 2014. Retrieved May 28, 2014.
  65. ↑ "Silver Line Service". Silver Line Metro. Archived from the original on July 31, 2014. Retrieved June 28, 2014.
  66. ↑ "The Silver Line Opens". DCist. July 26, 2014. Retrieved July 26, 2014.
  67. ↑ "After fanfare, long-awaited Silver Line debuts shortly after noon". WJLA. Associated Press. July 26, 2014. Retrieved July 26, 2014.
  68. ↑ Lazo, Luz (2015-07-27). "Year-old Silver Line is celebrated as a catalyst for change in Tysons Corner". Washington Post. Retrieved 2015-07-28.
  69. 1 2 DePillis, Lydia (October 21, 2010). "Metrobusted: D.C.'s subway system needs a new map. Is anything worth saving?". Washington City Paper. Retrieved November 26, 2010.
  70. ↑ Alpert, David (October 7, 2008). "Brown Line: We don't need a new color". Greater Greater Washington. Retrieved February 2, 2011. As several commenters mentioned, the thick lines take up a lot of room and, with the Silver Line [and Brown Line], we'd have six lines going through L'Enfant. Metro can alleviate this by thinning out the colors, but that's still a lot.
  71. ↑ Tuss, Adam (October 5, 2010). "Metro prepping map for makeover". WTOP-FM. Retrieved November 28, 2010.
  72. 1 2 Malouff, Dan (February 19, 2010). "The Booth Map: Redesigning WMATA's map". Greater Greater Washington. Retrieved November 26, 2010.
  73. ↑ Hammond, J.D. (October 26, 2010). "Fixing WMATA's Metrorail Map". The Washington Examiner.
  74. ↑ Alpert, David (September 5, 2008). "2003 WMATA expansion map". Greater Greater Washington. Retrieved November 26, 2010.
  75. ↑ Hedgpeth, Dana (June 4, 2011). "After more than 30 years, Metro map is being redesigned by creator, Lance Wyman". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 4, 2011.
  76. ↑ "Metro  – About Metro  – Rush+". Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority. Retrieved April 29, 2012.
  77. ↑ "System Map" (PDF). Silver Line Metro. Retrieved October 22, 2014.
  78. ↑ Kravitz, Derek (December 22, 2009). "Self-tax allowed for N.Va. businesses to fund Metro stations". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 9, 2010.
  79. ↑ Hosh, Kafia A. (July 19, 2010). "Development near Herndon's future Metro station topic of public forum Monday". Washington Post. Retrieved November 9, 2010.
  80. ↑ Kravitz, Derek (September 16, 2010). "Silver Line costs soars for 2nd phase". p. B1.
  81. ↑ Hosh, Kafia (April 7, 2011). "Dulles to get underground Metro station". Washington Post. p. B1. Retrieved April 14, 2012.
  82. ↑ Fabel, Leah (May 10, 2011). "LaHood offers to mediate Dulles Rail funding fight". The Washington Examiner. p. 5.
  83. ↑ "Projected cost of Dulles rail project decreases". Railway Track and Structures. March 7, 2012. Retrieved April 10, 2016.
  84. ↑ Jacobson Moore, Erika (July 3, 2012). "Loudoun's In: Split Board Backs Silver Line Extension". Leesburg Today Media Services. Retrieved July 9, 2012.
  85. ↑ "Airports Authority Intends to Award Phase 2 Construction Contract to Capital Rail Constructors" (Press release). April 25, 2013. Retrieved March 22, 2014.
  86. ↑ "U.S. Transportation Secretary Foxx Announces $1.28 Billion Loan for Phase Two Silver Line to Dulles" (Press release). Washington. August 20, 2014. Retrieved October 23, 2014.
  87. ↑ Aratani, Lori (August 27, 2015). "Crews resume some girder work on Silver Line, phase 2". The Washington Post. Retrieved September 13, 2015.
  88. ↑ "Phase 2 Construction Reaches 30 Percent Completion". dullesmetro.com. Dulles Corridor Metrorail Project. July 2016. Retrieved August 2, 2016.
  89. ↑ "Board of Supervisors Approves Proposed Silver Line Station Names". April 10, 2012. Retrieved April 11, 2012.
  90. ↑ Hosh, Kafia (March 29, 2011). "Fairfax OKs names for new Metrorail stations". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 29, 2011.
  91. ↑ Hosh, Kafia (March 30, 2011). "Fairfax names new Metro stations". The Washington Post. p. B5.
  92. ↑ Neibauer, Michael (April 27, 2015). "Loudoun Silver Line station names finalized with Metro board approval". Washington Business Journal. Retrieved April 28, 2015.

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