Westray

"Westra" redirects here. For the bridge player, see Berry Westra.
For other uses, see Westray (disambiguation).
Westray
Norse name Vestrey[1]
Meaning of name Old Norse for 'west island'

A view of the western side of the island, with Midbea nearby and Langskaill beyond
Location
Westray
Westray shown within Orkney
OS grid reference HY461461
Physical geography
Island group Orkney
Area 47.13 square kilometres (18.2 sq mi)
Area rank 24 [2]
Highest elevation Fitty Hill 169 metres (554.5 ft)
Administration
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Country Scotland
Council area Orkney Islands
Demographics
Population 588[3]
Population rank 20 [2]
Pop. density 12.5 people/km2 [3][4]
Largest settlement Pierowall
References [4][5][6][7]

Westray is one of the Orkney Islands in Scotland, with a usual resident population of just under 600 people. Its main village is Pierowall, with a heritage centre, the 15th-century Lady Kirk church and ferries to Papa Westray.

Geography and geology

West coast of Westray Looking along the sandstone cliffs to the rock arch at Neven o'Grinni.

With an area of 18.2 square miles (47 km2), it is the sixth largest of the Orkney Islands. The underlying geology is Rousay type Middle Old Red Sandstone, the flagstones of which make excellent building materials. There is very little peat and the soil is noted for its fertility.[4]

History

At the time of the earliest known settlements, c. 3500 BC, in Westray and neighbouring Papa Westray, it is believed that the two islands were joined.[8] A Neolithic and Bronze Age site at the Links of Noltland is in the care of Historic Scotland.[9] The site is severely threatened by the rapid erosion of the overlying sand dunes. Ongoing excavations have revealed over 30 buildings of Neolithic and Bronze Age date,[10] the earliest of which overlaps in use with the Knap of Howar on the neighbouring island of Papay, the oldest standing structure in NW Europe. The Westray Wife, 4 cm carved Neolithic figurine was discovered on the Noltland dig in 2009.[11]- this is the oldest carving of a human found in the British Isles .[12] In 2010 some local businesses reported a 45% increase in turnover since the discovery of the figurine.[13] Since then, four further figurines have been found, together with a wealth of other artefacts (carved stone ball, decorated grooved ware pottery, numerous carved bone objects and beads etc.). In 2015, a substantial subterranean building dating from the Bronze Age was uncovered; this was very well preserved and is interpreted as a sauna.[14] The excavations won 'Best Rescue Dig' of the year in the prestigious 2014 Current Archaeology awards.[15] Several of the figurines and other artefacts from the site can be seen at Westray Heritage Centre and the excavation is open seasonally to visitors (free of charge).[16] The Heritage Centre also exhibits the 'Westray Stone'- a neolithic carved stone from a chambered tomb which closely resembles the art style of the Boyne Valley in Ireland.[17]

Westray constituted a major family estate during the saga period.[8] Largescale excavations of Viking- Norse period sites have been undertaken at Tuquoy[18] and Quoygrew [19] and at Langskaill [20] in recent years.

And it was at Noltland on Westray too, that one of the most impressive castles in Orkney, and indeed the Northern Isles, was built, Noltland Castle.[21] The castle was commissioned in the 1560s by Gilbert Balfour, who probably played the leading role in the murder of Lord Darnley, consort of Mary, Queen of Scots. Balfour married Margaret Bothwell, the sister of Adam Bothwell, Bishop of Orkney who endowed him with Westray, when it was episcopal property. The Castle is situated above the Bay of Pierowall, was built in the 1560s. It is notable for an unusually large spiral staircase, "second only to Fyvie Castle, while its triple tiers of gunloops are without parallel in Scotland, if not Europe".[8] However, Balfour was executed by the Swedes before he could use it.

Other attractions include the Romanesque Cross Kirk and the Castle O'Burrian sea stack once used as a hermitage.

Noup Head Lighthouse was constructed in 1898[22]

Economy and infrastructure

Noup Head Lighthouse, Westray

Flights leave the island's Westray Airport at Aikerness for Kirkwall on the Orkney Mainland, and to Papa Westray (known as Papay to the locals) in the world's shortest scheduled flight, of two minutes.[23] The main ferry terminal is at Rapness with regular sailings by Orkney Ferries to Kirkwall.

The island's main industries are fishing, fish farming and cattle farming. Tourism is also important to the island economy. The local cheese, Westray Wife, is an organic unpasturised cheese available in mild and mature varieties. It marries well with the local range of Westray chutneys (all Fairtrade) and bakery goods (including oatcakes). Fresh fish, seafood and lobster is available locally and is of a very high standard. The Westray Development Trust is well known for its renewable energy and recycling initiatives and plans to make the island self-sufficient in energy by 2012.[24] A 900 kW community-owned wind turbine was erected in October 2009, the third large-scale such project in Scotland. “When the community realised it was their turbine, not someone else’s, there was no objection,” stated Alasdair McVicar of Westray Renewable Energy.[25][26]

Wildlife

The spectacular sea cliffs around Noup Head are home to thousands of seabirds including 60,000 common guillemot and black-legged kittiwake, 30,000 razorbill and numerous Atlantic puffin and black guillemot.[4] During the 1990s the black rat (Rattus rattus) may have been present[27] although they have not been recorded since. mice, and the Orkney vole are present however, as are European otters.[4]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Pálsson and Edwards (1978) p. 251
  2. 1 2 Area and population ranks: there are c. 300 islands over 20 ha in extent and 93 permanently inhabited islands were listed in the 2011 census.
  3. 1 2 National Records of Scotland (15 August 2013) (pdf) Statistical Bulletin: 2011 Census: First Results on Population and Household Estimates for Scotland - Release 1C (Part Two). "Appendix 2: Population and households on Scotland’s inhabited islands". Retrieved 17 August 2013.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Haswell-Smith, Hamish. (2004) The Scottish Islands. Edinburgh. Canongate.
  5. ↑ Orkney Placenames
  6. ↑ Ordnance Survey: Landranger map sheet 5 Orkney (Northern Isles) (Map). Ordnance Survey. 2008. ISBN 9780319228111.
  7. ↑ Pedersen, Roy (January 1992) Orkneyjar ok Katanes (map, Inverness, Nevis Print)
  8. 1 2 3 Keay, J. & Keay, J. (1994) Collins Encyclopaedia of Scotland. London. HarperCollins.
  9. ↑ Lewis, Caroline (December 2007) "Archaeologists Find Mysterious Neolithic Structure in Orkney Links of Noltland Dig" culture24.org.uk. Retrieved 23 November 2009
  10. ↑ "Sands of Time: Domestic Rituals at the Links of Noltland". Current Archaeology. Retrieved 2015-11-16.
  11. ↑ "Orkney Venus closes in on key prize 5,000 years after Neolithic creation". The Scotsman. 16 June 2010. Retrieved 16 June 2010.
  12. ↑ "Orkney Venus". Historic Scotland. Retrieved 16 June 2010.
  13. ↑ Briefing: (15 July 2010) "Boom for Orkney after Venus find". Glasgow: The Herald.
  14. ↑ "News Article". www.historic-scotland.gov.uk. Retrieved 2015-11-16.
  15. ↑ "Current Archaeology in the Press". Current Archaeology. Retrieved 2015-11-16.
  16. ↑ "Links of Noltland". www.facebook.com. Retrieved 2015-11-16.
  17. ↑ "Home". www.westrayheritage.co.uk. Retrieved 2015-11-16.
  18. ↑ "Westray, Tuquoy | Canmore". canmore.org.uk. Retrieved 2015-11-16.
  19. ↑ "Quoygrew Excavations". www2.mcdonald.cam.ac.uk. Retrieved 2015-11-16.
  20. ↑ "Westray dig points to brutal Viking invasion of the isles". Orkneyjar. Retrieved 2015-11-16.
  21. ↑ The Heritage of Westray
  22. ↑ NLB website
  23. ↑ http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-north-east-orkney-shetland-22668150
  24. ↑ DTA Scotland members
  25. ↑ "Westray Development Trust". Scottish Government. Retrieved 22 August 2010. The first two projects were on Gigha and at Findhorn Ecovillage.
  26. ↑ "Westray: Powerful community". Senscot. Retrieved 22 August 2010.
  27. ↑ An Audit Of Alien Species In Scotland (May 2004) (Microsoft Word). Edinburgh. Scottish Natural Heritage.

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Westray.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Westray.

Coordinates: 59°18′N 3°00′W / 59.300°N 3.000°W / 59.300; -3.000

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