XBee

An XBee radio with a U.S. quarter dollar coin. The XBee board is 24.38 mm (0.960 in) wide.^[1]

Digi International, Inc.
Type	Public (NASDAQ: DGII)
Industry	Computer hardware
Founded	1985
Headquarters	Minnetonka, Minnesota, U.S.
Number of employees	600 (world-wide)
Website	www.digi.com/xbee/

XBee is the brand name of a family of form factor compatible radio modules from Digi International. The first XBee radios were introduced under the MaxStream brand in 2005^[2] and were based on the IEEE 802.15.4-2003 standard designed for point-to-point and star communications at over-the-air baud rates of 250 kbit/s.^[3]

Two models were initially introduced — a lower cost 1 mW XBee and the higher power 100 mW XBee-PRO.^[4] Since the initial introduction, a number of new XBee radios have been introduced and all XBees are now marketed and sold under the Digi brand.

The XBee radios can all be used with the minimum number of connections — power (3.3 V), ground, data in and data out (UART), with other recommended lines being Reset and Sleep.^[5] Additionally, most XBee families have some other flow control, input/output (I/O), analog-to-digital converter (A/D) and indicator lines built in. A version called the programmable XBee has an additional on-board processor for user’s code. The programmable XBee and a surface-mount version of the XBee radios were both introduced in 2010.^[6]

Form-factors, antennas, and data modes

A pair of XBee radios (through-hole with the wire whip antenna type).

XBee modules are available in two form-factors — through-hole and surface mount (SMT). All XBees, with the exception of the XBee 868LP, are available in the popular 20-pin through-hole form-factor. Certain XBee modules are also available in a 37-pad surface-mount design, which is popular for higher volume applications due to the reduced manufacturing costs of SMT.

XBee modules typically come with several antenna options, including U.FL, PCB embedded, wire, and RPSMA.

The XBees can operate either in a transparent data mode or in a packet-based application programming interface (API) mode.^[7] In the transparent mode, data coming into the Data IN (DIN) pin is directly transmitted over-the-air to the intended receiving radios without any modification. Incoming packets can either be directly addressed to one target (point-to-point) or broadcast to multiple targets (star). This mode is primarily used in instances where an existing protocol cannot tolerate changes to the data format. AT commands are used to control the radio’s settings. In API mode the data are wrapped in a packet structure that allows for addressing, parameter setting and packet delivery feedback,^[8] including remote sensing and control of digital I/O and analog input pins.^[9]

Product line

As of March 2016, the XBee radio family consists of^[10]

XBee 802.15.4 — The initial point-to-point topology or star topology module running the IEEE 802.15.4 protocol
XBee-PRO 802.15.4 — A higher power, longer range version of the XBee 802.15.4
XBee DigiMesh 2.4 — A 2.4 GHz XBee module that uses DigiMesh, a sleeping mesh networking protocol developed by Digi International
XBee-PRO DigiMesh 2.4 — A higher power, longer range version of the XBee DigiMesh 2.4
XBee ZB — An XBee module that incorporates the ZigBee PRO mesh networking protocol
XBee-PRO ZB — A higher power, longer range version of the XBee ZB
XBee ZB SMT — A surface mount XBee running the ZigBee protocol
XBee-PRO ZB SMT — A higher power, longer range version of the XBee ZB SMT
XBee SE — An XBee ZB module that incorporates the security cluster for the ZigBee Smart Energy public profile
XBee-PRO SE — A higher power, longer range version of the XBee SE
XBee-PRO 900HP — A 900 MHz XBee-PRO module with up to 28 mile range with high-gain antenna that supports DigiMesh networking protocol
XBee-PRO 900 (Legacy) — A 900 MHz proprietary point-to-point and star topology module, not recommended for new design
XBee-PRO XSC (S3B) — A 900 MHz module compatible over the air with the Digi 9XStream radios
XBee-PRO DigiMesh 900 (Legacy) — A 900 MHz module that uses DigiMesh, not recommended for new design (see XBee-PRO 900HP for new designs)
XBee-PRO 868 — An 868 MHz 500 mW long-range module that supports proprietary point-to-point and star, for use in Europe
XBee 865/868LP — An 868 MHz XBee module that uses DigiMesh, available in Surface Mount form-factor (also configurable to 865 MHz for use in India)
XBee ZigBee (S2C) — Incorporates an upgrade to the transceiver chip, replacing the Silicon Labs EM250 with the Silicon Labs EM357, effectively adding more RAM, more flash, faster clock speed and lowering the current draw.^[11]
XBee-PRO ZigBee (S2C) — A higher power, longer range version of the XBee ZigBee (S2C)

Current products comparison

Model	XBee ZigBee (S2C)	XBee‑PRO 900HP	XBee 802.15.4	XBee DigiMesh 2.4	XBee 868LP	XBee-PRO XSC	XTend 900 MHz	XBee Wi-Fi
Available form factors	Through-hole and surface mount	Through-hole			Surface mount	Through-hole		Through-hole and surface mount
Frequency	2.4 GHz	900 MHz	2.4 GHz	2.4 GHz	868 MHz	900 MHz		2.4 GHz
Maximum line-of-sight range	XBee ZigBee: 1.2 km XBee‑PRO ZigBee: 3.2 km	14 km (at 10 kbit/s)	XBee 802.15.4: 90m XBee‑PRO 802.15.4: 1.6 km	XBee DigiMesh 2.4:90m XBee‑PRO DigiMesh 2.4: 1.6 km	4 km (W/ 2dBi antenna)	45 km (W/ high gain antenna)	64 km (W/ high gain antenna)	N/A
Data rate	RF: 250kbit/s Serial: 1Mbit/s	10kbit/s or 200kbit/s	250kbit/s	250kbit/s	10kbit/s or 80kbit/s	10kbit/s or 20kbit/s	10kbit/s or 125kbit/s	72Mbit/s
Communication protocol	ZigBee	Proprietary	802.15.4	Proprietary				802.11b/g/n
Maximum transmit power	XBee ZigBee: 6.3 mW (8dBm) XBee‑PRO ZigBee: 63 mW (18dBm)	250 mW (24dBm)	1 mW (0dBM)	XBee DigiMesh 2.4: 1 mW (0dBm) XBee‑PRO DigiMesh 2.4: 63 mW (18dBm)	25 mW (14dBm)	250 mW (24dBm)	1000 mW (30dBm)	16dBm
Maximum receiver sensitivity	XBee ZigBee: -102 dBm XBee‑PRO ZigBee: -101 dBm	-110dBm (at 10 kbit/s)	XBee 802.15.4: -92 dBm XBee‑PRO 802.15.4: -100 dBm	XBee DigiMesh 2.4: -92 dBm XBee‑PRO DigiMesh 2.4: -100 dBm	-106 dBm (at 10 kbit/s)	-107 dBm (at 19200 bit/s)	-110dBm (at 9600 bit/s)	-93 dBm
ADC inputs	4 (10-bit)			6 (10-bit)	4 (10-bit)			4 (12-bit)
Supply voltage	XBee ZigBee: 2.1 to 3.6 VDC XBee‑PRO ZigBee: 2.7 to 3.6 VDC	2.1 to 3.6VDC	2.8 to 3.4VDC	2.8 to 3.4VDC	2.7 to 3.6VDC	2.4 to 3.6VDC	2.8 to 5.5VDC	3.14 to 3.46VDC
Max. current consumption (transmitting)	XBee ZigBee: 59 mA XBee‑PRO ZigBee: 120 mA	229 mA	XBee 802.15.4: 45 mA XBee‑PRO 802.15.4: 215 mA	XBee DigiMesh 2.4: 45 mA XBee‑PRO DigiMesh 2.4: 340 mA	62 mA	215mA	710 mA, 900 mA or 55 mA (depends on model)	309 mA
Max. current consumption (receiving)	XBee ZigBee: 42 mA XBee‑PRO ZigBee: 45 mA	44 mA	XBee 802.15.4: 50 mA XBee‑PRO 802.15.4: 55 mA	XBee DigiMesh 2.4: 50 mA XBee‑PRO DigiMesh 2.4: 55 mA	41 mA	26 mA	35 mA (at 5V) or 40 mA (at 3.3V; depends on model)	100 mA
Max. current consumption (sleep)	< 1 μA	2.5 μA	< 10 µA	< 50 µA	2.3 µA	2.5 µA	< 147 µA or 2.5 µA (depends on model)	< 6 µA
Certified regions	US, CA, EU, AU, BR, JP	US, CA, AU, BR, MX,SG	US, CA, EU, AU, BR, JP	US, CA, EU, AU, BR, JP	EU	US, CA, AU, BR	US, CA, AU	US, CA, EU, AU, BR
I/O	15			13				10
Operating temperature	-40 °C to 85 °C		-40 °C to 85 °C		-40 °C to 85 °C			-30 °C to 85 °C
Antenna types options	Through‑hole: PCB, RPSMA, U.FL, wire SMT: PCB, RF pad, U.FL	U.FL, RPSMA, wire	U.FL, RPSMA, chip, wire		U.FL, RF pad, PCB (for 10 kbit/s only)	RPSMA, U.FL, wire	MMCX, RPSMA or U.FL, RF pad (depends on model)	Through‑hole: PCB, RPSMA, U.FL, wire SMT: PCB, U.FL, RF pad
Channels	XBee ZigBee: 16 XBee‑PRO ZigBee: 15	FHSS	XBee 802.15.4: 16 XBee‑PRO ZigBee: 12	XBee DigiMesh 2.4: 16 XBee‑PRO DigiMesh 2.4: 12	30^[12]	FHSS	FHSS (50 channels)	13
Serial data interfaces	UART, SPI		UART		UART, SPI		UART	UART, SPI
Product page	XBee ZigBee S2C	XBee-PRO 900HP	XBee 802.15.4	XBee DigiMesh 2.4	XBee 868LP	XBee-PRO XSC	XBee XTend 900MHz	XBee Wi-Fi

References

↑ XBee®/XBee-PRO® ZB RF Modules Datasheet (PDF). Digi International Inc. 2010. p. 10.
↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on March 16, 2012. Retrieved May 11, 2011.
↑ http://search.digikey.com/scripts/DkSearch/dksus.dll?Detail&name=XB24-AWI-001-ND
↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G_ScqGDY2eo
↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on July 22, 2011. Retrieved May 11, 2011.
↑ http://news.thomasnet.com/fullstory/Programmable-ZigBee-Module-eases-application-development-573823
↑ http://www.tunnelsup.com/tup/2012/11/30/xbee-s2-quick-reference-guide-cheat-sheet/
↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on July 22, 2011. Retrieved May 11, 2011.
↑ Robert Faludi (24 December 2010). Building Wireless Sensor Networks: With ZigBee, XBee, Arduino, and Processing. O'Reilly Media, Inc. ISBN 978-0-596-80773-3. Retrieved 7 June 2012.
↑ http://www.digi.com/xbee/
↑ http://www.digikey.ca/en/pdf/d/digi-international/digi-xbee-zigbee-new-product-notice
↑ http://www.digi.com/news/press-releases/819

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to XBee.

XBee on official Digi website
XBee on Arduino Blog
XBee Project Gallery
XBee Examples Site
Open Source XBee Internet Gateway
SOULIER Baptiste, How to manage a Xbee module configuration from a basic micro-controller : http://dirac.epucfe.eu/projets/wakka.php?wiki=P12AB04/download&file=AN_P12AB04_1.pdf

Ambient intelligence

Concepts	Context awareness Internet of Things Object hyperlinking Profiling Spime Supranet Ubiquitous computing Web of Things Wireless sensor networks

Technologies	6LoWPAN ANT+ DASH7 IEEE 802.15.4 Internet 0 Machine to machine Radio-frequency identification Smartdust Tera-play XBee

Platforms	Arduino Contiki Electric Imp Gadgeteer ioBridge Netduino Raspberry Pi TinyOS Wiring Xively NodeMCU

Applications	Ambient device CeNSE Connected car Home automation HomeOS Internet refrigerator Nabaztag Smart city Smart TV Smarter Planet

Pioneers	Kevin Ashton Adam Dunkels Stefano Marzano Don Norman Roel Pieper Josef Preishuber-Pflügl John Seely Brown Bruce Sterling Mark Weiser

Other	Ambient Devices AmbieSense Ebbits project IPSO Alliance

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