1523

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	15th century · 16th century · 17th century
Decades:	1490s · 1500s · 1510s · 1520s · 1530s · 1540s · 1550s
Years:	1520 · 1521 · 1522 · 1523 · 1524 · 1525 · 1526

1523 in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	1523 MDXXIII
Ab urbe condita	2276
Armenian calendar	972 ԹՎ ՋՀԲ
Assyrian calendar	6273
Bengali calendar	930
Berber calendar	2473
English Regnal year	14 Hen. 8 – 15 Hen. 8
Buddhist calendar	2067
Burmese calendar	885
Byzantine calendar	7031–7032
Chinese calendar	壬午年 (Water Horse) 4219 or 4159     — to — 癸未年 (Water Goat) 4220 or 4160
Coptic calendar	1239–1240
Discordian calendar	2689
Ethiopian calendar	1515–1516
Hebrew calendar	5283–5284
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1579–1580
- Shaka Samvat	1444–1445
- Kali Yuga	4623–4624
Holocene calendar	11523
Igbo calendar	523–524
Iranian calendar	901–902
Islamic calendar	929–930
Japanese calendar	Daiei 3 (大永３年)
Javanese calendar	1440–1442
Julian calendar	1523 MDXXIII
Korean calendar	3856
Minguo calendar	389 before ROC 民前389年
Nanakshahi calendar	55
Thai solar calendar	2065–2066

June 6: Gustav I of Sweden

Year 1523 (MDXXIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

January–June

• April – Martin Luther helps Katharina von Bora, his eventual wife, escape from the Nimbschen convent by placing her and 12 other nuns in herring barrels.
• May – The Ningbo Incident: Two rival trade delegations from Japan feud in the Chinese city of Ningbo, resulting in the pillage and plunder of the city.
• June 6 – Gustav Vasa is elected king of Sweden, finally establishing its full independence of Sweden from Denmark, marking the end of the Kalmar Union.

July–December

• July 1 – Johann Esch and Heinrich Voes became the first Flemish Lutheran martyrs, burned at the stake by Roman Catholic authorities in Brussels.
• November 19 – Pope Clement VII succeeds Pope Adrian VI as the 219th pope.

Date unknown

• The Ming Dynasty Chinese navy captures two Western ships with Portuguese breech–loading culverins aboard, which the Chinese call a fo–lang–ji (Frankish culverin). According to the Ming Shi, these cannons are soon presented to the Jiajing Emperor by Wang Hong, and their design is copied in 1529. ^[1]
• Martin Luther's translation of the Pentateuch into German (Das allte Testament Deutsch) is published.
• Wijerd Jelckama, a Frisian warlord and military commander is executed in Leeuwarden. His death ends the successful Frisian rebellion fought by the Arumer Black Heap.
• The Swabian League destroyed 23 robber baron castles in the Franconian War.

Births

Margaret of France, Duchess of Berry born on June 5

Anna Jagiellon born on October 18

• January 29 – Enea Vico, Italian engraver (d. 1567)
• February 1 – Francesco Abbondio Castiglioni, Roman Catholic cardinal (d. 1568)
• February 13 – Valentin Naboth, German astronomer and mathematician (d. 1593)
• February 20 – Jan Blahoslav, Czech writer (d. 1571)
• March 17 – Giovanni Francesco Commendone, Catholic cardinal (d. 1584)
• March 21 – Kaspar Eberhard, German theologian (d. 1575)
• April 5 – Blaise de Vigenère, French diplomat and cryptographer (d. 1596)
• April 21 – Marco Antonio Bragadin (d. 1571)
• June 5 – Margaret of France, Duchess of Berry (d. 1574)
• July 4 – Pier Francesco Orsini, Italian condottiero and art patron (d. 1583)
• July 18 – George II of Brieg, Duke of Brieg (1547–1586) (d. 1586)
• September 21 – Sancho d'Avila, Spanish General (d. 1583)
• September 22 – Charles, Cardinal de Bourbon, French church leader and pretender to the throne (d. 1590)
• October 10 – Ludwig Rabus, German martyrologist (d. 1592)
• October 11 – Eleonore of Fürstenberg, Wife of Philip IV, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg (d. 1544)
• October 18 – Anna Jagiellon, daughter of Sigismund I of Poland (d. 1596)
• date unknown
  • Sancho d'Avila, Spanish military leader (d. 1583)
  • Gabriele Falloppio, Italian anatomist and physician (d. 1562)
  • Martín Cortés, Spanish conquistador (d. 1589)
  • Henry Brandon, Earl of Lincoln, nephew of King Henry VIII, son of Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk
  • Francisco Foreiro, Portuguese Dominican theologian and biblist (d. 1581)
  • Gaspara Stampa, Italian poet (d. 1554)
• probable – Crispin van den Broeck, Flemish painter (d. 1591)
• possible – Catherine Howard, Fifth Queen of Henry VIII of England, (born in between 1518 and 1524; d. 1542)

Deaths

Pope Adrian VI

Pietro Perugino

• February 4 – Thomas Ruthall, Chancellor of the University of Cambridge
• May 7 – Franz von Sickingen, German knight (b. 1481)
• May 23 – Ashikaga Yoshitane, Japanese shogun (b. 1466)
• May 24 – Henry Marney, 1st Baron Marney, English politician (b. 1447)
• July 1 – Johann Esch and Heinrich Voes, Flemish Lutheran martyrs
• August 13 – Gerard David, Flemish artist (b. c. 1455)
• August 29 – Ulrich von Hutten, Lutheran reformer (b. 1488)
• September 14 – Pope Adrian VI (b. 1459)
• October – William Cornysh, English composer (b. 1465)
• December 12 – Pietro Perugino, Italian painter (b. 1446)
• date unknown
  • Wijerd Jelckama, Frisian rebel and warlord (b. 1490)
  • Alessandro Alessandri, Italian jurist (b. 1461)
  • Bartolomeo Montagna, Italian painter (b. 1450)
  • Abi Ahmet Celebi, chief physician of the Ottoman Empire, (b. 1436)

References

1. China: A History, London: HarperPress, 2008, ISBN 9780007221776, 0007221770, The 'breech-loading culverins presented at the Ming court in 1522' were a gift from the Portuguese; and Portuguese arquebuses were acquired in the 1540s by the Japanese, who copied and greatly improved them.