1856 in paleontology

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Paleontology or palaeontology (from Greek: paleo, "ancient"; ontos, "being"; and logos, "knowledge") is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.^[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1856.

Paleozoology

Conodont paleozoology

Name Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Acodus[2] valid Heinz Christian Pander Gnathodus[2] valid Heinz Christian Pander Early Carboniferous Prioniodus[2] valid Heinz Christian Pander

Vertebrate paleozoology

Archosauromorphs

Newly named phytosaurs

Name	Status	Authors		Notes
Centemodon[3]	Nomen dubium	Lea		Dubious genus of phytosaur.

Newly named pseudosuchians

Name	Status	Authors		Notes
Dakosaurus[4]	Valid taxon.	Quenstedt		A metriorhynchid thalattosuchian belong to Geosaurinae.

Newly named dinosaurs

Name Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Deinodon[5] Nomen dubium Joseph Leidy Late Cretaceous (Campanian) Judith River Formation  United States Might be a subjective synonym of Gorgosaurus or Daspletosaurus. Dinosaurus[6] Preoccupied. Rütimeyer Late Triassic (Rhaetian) Knollenmergel   Switzerland Preoccupied by a genus erected by Fischer von Waldheim in 1847. Renamed Gresslyosaurus Gresslyosaurus[7] Disputed. Rütimeyer Late Triassic (Rhaetian) Knollenmergel   Switzerland Possible subjective synonym of Plateosaurus Palaeoscincus[5] Nomen dubium Joseph Leidy Late Cretaceous (Campanian) Judith River Formation  United States Possible subjective synonym of Edmontonia or Panoplosaurus. Thespesius[5] Nomen dubium Joseph Leidy Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Great Lignite Formation (=Lance Formation)  United States A dubious hadrosaurid. Trachodon[5] Nomen dubium Joseph Leidy Late Cretaceous (Campanian) Judith River Formation  United States A dubious hadrosaurid. Troodon[5] Valid Joseph Leidy Late Cretaceous (Campanian) Judith River Formation  United States A troodontid.

Trachodon teeth

Paleontologists

• Death of William Buckland, the polymath who was the first to scientifically describe a dinosaur (Megalosaurus).^[8]

References

1. Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.
2. Monographie der fossilen fische des silurischen systems des Russisch-baltischen gouvernements. CH Pander, 1856
3. Lea, I. 1856. Description of Centemodon sulcatus. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 10: pp. 77-78.
4. Quenstedt, F. A. 1856. Sonst und Jetzt. Populäre Vorträge über Geologie. Tübingen: Laupp. [pp. 128, 130].
5. Leidy, J. 1856. Notices of the remains of extinct reptiles and fishes, discovered by Dr. F.V. Hayden in the badlands of the Judith River, Nebraska Territory. Proc Acad. Nat. Sci. 1856: pp. 72-72.
6. Rutimeyer. L. 1856. (Dinosaurus gresslyi). Biblio. Universelle Geneve Arch. September 1856: p. 53.
7. Rutimeyer. L. 1856. Reptilienknochen aus dem Keuper. Allg. Schweiz. Ges. Ge samt. Naturwiss. Verh. 41: pp. 62-64.
8. Farlow, James O.; M. K. Brett-Surmann (1999). The Complete Dinosaur. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. p. 7. ISBN 0-253-21313-4.