1985 in paleontology

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Paleontology or palaeontology (from Greek: paleo, "ancient"; ontos, "being"; and logos, "knowledge") is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.^[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1985.

Molluscs

Bivalves

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Oryzoconcha[2]	gen et sp nov	not valid	He & Pei	Early Cambrian	Henan province	China	synonym of Pojetaia runnegari
Tuarangia[3]	Ord, Supfam, fam, gen et sp nov	valid	MacKinnon	late Middle Cambrian	Tasman Formation	New Zealand	one of four accepted Cambrian bivalves

Arthropods

Insects

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Azteca alpha[4]	Sp nov	valid	Poinar	Burdigalian	Dominican Amber	Dominican Republic	A dolichoderine ant
Azteca eumeces[4]	Sp nov	valid	Poinar	Burdigalian	Dominican Amber	Dominican Republic	A dolichoderine ant
Dominickus[5]	gen et sp. nov	valid	Tindale	Priabonian	Florissant Formation	USA	A castniid butterfly-moth, monotypic

Archosauromorphs

• Psittacosaurus gastroliths documented.^[6]

Newly named pseudosuchians

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Postosuchus[7]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Chatterjee	Carnian–Norian	Cooper Canyon Formation Chinle Formation Newark Supergroup	United States	A rauisuchid.

Newly named pterosaurs

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Anhanguera	Gen et sp	Valid	Campos & Kellner	Aptian	Crato Formation	Brazil	A pterodactyloid belonging to Anhangueridae.	Anhanguera santanae
"Palaeolimnornis"[8]	Gen et sp nov	Nomen nudum	Jurcsák & Kessler	Early Cretaceous	Bauxite mine	Romania	An informal name applied to Palaeocursornis. An azhdarchoid pterosaur.[9]

Newly named non-avian dinosaurs

Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.^[10]

Name	Status	Authors		Notes	Images
Abelisaurus[11]	Valid taxon	Jose Bonaparte	Novas		Abelisaurus Camelotia Carnotaurus Gasosaurus Supersaurus
"Aliwalia"[12]	Junior synonym.	Peter Galton		Junior subjective synonym of Eucnemosaurus.
Blikanasaurus[13]	Valid taxon	Peter Galton	van Heerden
Camelotia[14]	Valid taxon	Peter Galton
Carnotaurus[15]	Valid taxon	Jose Bonaparte
"Dachungosaurus"[16]	Nomen nudum.	Zhao X. (as Chao S.)
"Dystylosaurus"[17]	Junior synonym.	James A. Jensen		Junior synonym of Supersaurus.
Gasosaurus[18]	Valid taxon	Dong Zhiming
"Mifunesaurus"	Nomen nudum	Hisa
"Moshisaurus"	Nomen nudum.	Hisa
"Oshanosaurus"[16]	Nomen nudum.	Zhao X. (as Chao S.)
"Sanchusaurus"	Nomen nudum	Hisa
Supersaurus[17]	Valid taxon	James A. Jensen
"Ultrasaurus"[17]	Preoccupied name.	James A. Jensen		Preoccupied by Kim H. M., 1983 and renamed Ultrasauros.
"Xuanhuasaurus"[16]	Nomen nudum.	Zhao X. (as Chao S.)		Later renamed Xuanhuaceratops in 2006

Literature on fossil birds

• Storrs Olson: the fossil record of birds ^[19]

Newly named birds

Name	Status	Novelty	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Aegialornis szarskii [20]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Dieter S. Peters	Midden Eocene	Messel pit, MP 11	Germany	An Aegialornithidae
Amphipelargus dzabghanensis [21]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Evgeny N. Kurochkin	Late Miocene-Pliocene	Chono-Harayah	Mongolia	A Gruiformes, Eogruidae
Anas molesta [21]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Evgeny N. Kurochkin	Late Miocene	Hyargas Nuur 2	Mongolia	An Anatidae, transferred to the genus Aythya by Nikita V. Zelenkov [22]
Anas schneideri [23]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Steven D. Emslie	Late Pleistocene		USA	An Anatidae.
Anser tchikoicus [21]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Evgeny N. Kurochkin	Miocene-Pliocene		Mongolia	An Anatidae.
Anthus seductus [21]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Evgeny N. Kurochkin	Early Pliocene		Mongolia	A Motacillidae.
Avisaurus archibaldi [24]	Valid	Gen et Sp. nov.	Michael K. Brett-Surman Gregory S. Paul	Maastrichtian	Hell Creek Formation	USA	An Enantiornithes, Avisauridae Brett-Surman & Paul, 1985 this is the type species of the new genus.
Aythya magna [21]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Evgeny N. Kurochkin	Early Pliocene	Hyargas Nuur Formation	Mongolia	An Anatidae.
Aythya shihuibas [25]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Hou Lianhai	Late Miocene		China	An Anatidae, Nikita V. Zelenkov, 2012 transferred the species to his genus Protomelanitta Zelenkov, 2011.[26]
Bonibernicla ponderosa [21]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Evgeny N. Kurochkin	Late Miocene	Hyargas Nuur Formation	Mongolia  USA	An Anatidae, this is the type species of the new genus.
Brasilogyps faustoi [27]	Valid	Gen et Sp nov.	Herculano M. F. de Alvarenga	Early Oligocene	Taubate	Brazil	A Cathartidae, this is the type species of the new genus.
Centropus colossus [28]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Robert F. Baird	Quaternary	Green Waterhole Cave	Australia	A Cuculiformes, Centropodidae.
Colius hendeyi [29]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Patricia Vickers Rich Philippa J. Haarhoff	Early Pliocene	Varswater Formation	South Africa	A Coliidae.
Corvus solitus [21]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Evgeny N. Kurochkin	Miocene-Late Pliocene		Mongolia	A Corvidae.
Diangallus mious [25]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Hou Lianhai	Late Miocene		China	A Phasianidae, this is the type species of the new genus.
Egretta subfluvia [30]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Jonathan J. Becker	Late Miocene	Early Hemphillian	USA:  Florida	An Ardeidae.
Eudromia olsoni [31]	Valid	Nom. nov.	Claudia P. Tambussi Eduardo P. Tonni	Late Pliocene	Monte Hermoso Formation	Argentina	A Tinamidae, new name for the preoccupied Tinamisornis intermedius Dabbene et Lillo, 1913 = Eudromia elegans intermedia (Dabbene et Lillo, 1913).
Geronticus apelex [32]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Storrs L. Olson	Early Pliocene	Varswater Formation	South Africa	A Threskiornithidae.
Grus afghana [33]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Cécile Mourer-Chauviré Jean-Christophe Balouet Yves Jehenne Émile Heintz	Late Miocene	MN 12	Afghanistan	A Gruidae.
Haliaeetus fortis [21]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Evgeny N. Kurochkin	Late Miocene	MN 13, Hyargas-Nuur 2	Mongolia	An Accipitridae.
Heliadornis ashbyi [34]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Storrs L. Olson	Middle Miocene	Langhian, Calvert Formation	USA  Belgium  Antwerp	A Phaethontidae, this is the type species of the new genus.
Limosa lacrimosa [21]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Evgeny N. Kurochkin	Miocene-Late Pliocene		Mongolia	A Scolopacidae.
“Lophura” inferna [21]	Not Valid	Sp. nov.	Evgeny N. Kurochkin	Miocene	Shaamar	Mongolia	A Phasianidae, not a Lophura, the holotype is not diagnostic to genus.
Melopyrrha latirostris [35]	Valid	Sp. nov.	David W. Steadman Gary S. Morgan	Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene	Cayman Brac cave deposits	Cayman Islands	A Thraupidae.
Oceanites zaloscarthmus [36]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Storrs L. Olson	Early Pliocene	Varswater Formation	South Africa	An Oceanitidae.
Oenanthe infima [21]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Evgeny N. Kurochkin	Miocene-Late Pliocene	Sharga	Mongolia	A Muscicapidae.
Orthonyx hypsilophus [28]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Robert F. Baird	Quaternary	Green Waterhole Cave	Australia	An Orthonychidae.
Pachyptila salax [36]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Storrs L. Olson	Early Pliocene	Varswater Formation	South Africa	A Procellariidae.
Paleopsilopterus itaboraiensis [37]	Valid	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Herculano M. F. de Alvarenga	Itaboraian		Brazil	A Gruiformes, Phorusrhacidae Ameghino, 1889, Psilopterinae Dolgopol de Saez, 1927, this is the type species of the new genus.
Palaeotodus escampsiensis [38]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Cécile Mourer-Chauviré	Late Eocene	Phosphorites du Quercy, Escamps	France	A Todidae.
Palaeotodus itardiensis [38]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Cécile Mourer-Chauviré	Oligocene	Phosphorites du Quercy	France	A Todidae.
Pandion lovensis [39]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Jonathan J. Becker	Latest Clarendonian		USA	A Pandionidae.
Pelecanoides cymatotrypetes [36]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Storrs L. Olson	Early Pliocene	Varswater Formation	South Africa	A Pelecanoididae.
Perdix margaritae [21]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Evgeny N. Kurochkin	Miocene-Late Pliocene	Chikoi River	USSR:  Russia	A Phasianidae.
Phalaropus eleonorae [21]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Evgeny N. Kurochkin	Miocene-Late Pliocene		Mongolia	A Phalaropidae.
Phasianus lufengia [25]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Hou Lianhai	Late Miocene	Shihuiba	China	A Phasianidae.
Podiceps solidus [21]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Evgeny N. Kurochkin	Late Miocene; Early Pliocene	Hyargas-Nuur 2: MN 13; Chono-Harayah 1 and 2 Zogsoo-Harhan 1 and 4	Mongolia	A Podicipedidae.
Pseudodontornis tenuirostris [40]	Valid ?	Sp. nov.	Colin J. O. Harrison	Late Paleocene	Oldhaven Beds	UK:  England	A Pseudontornithidae, possibly a synonymym of Pseudodontornis longidentata
Siphonorhis daiquiri[41]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Storrs L. Olson	Quaternary, probably Holocene	Cave deposits	Cuba	A Caprimulgidae, may still be living.
Syrmaticus kozlovae [21]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Evgeny N. Kurochkin	Miocene-Late Pliocene	Khirgis Nur Formation	Mongolia	A Phasianidae.
Syrrhaptes kashini [21]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Evgeny N. Kurochkin	Miocene-Late Pliocene		Mongolia	A Pteroclidae.
Tadorna petrina [21]	Valid	Sp. nov.	Evgeny N. Kurochkin	Late Pliocene		Mongolia	An Anatidae.
Yunnanus gaoyuansis [25]	Valid	Gen et Sp nov.	Hou Lianhai	Late Miocene	Shihuiba	China	A Passeriformes, family Incertae Sedis, this is the type species of the new genus.

Lepidosauromorphs

Newly named pleosiosaurs

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Yuzhoupliosaurus	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Zhang	Middle Jurassic		China	A rhomaleosauride

References

1. Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.
2. Elicki, O.; Gürsu, S. (2009). "First record of Pojetaia runnegari Jell, 1980 and Fordilla Barrande, 1881 from the Middle East (Taurus Mountains, Turkey) and critical review of Cambrian bivalves" (PDF). Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 83 (2): 267–291. doi:10.1007/s12542-009-0021-9.
3. MacKinnon, D.I. (1982). "Tuarangia paparua n. gen. and n. sp. A late Middle Cambrian bivalve from New Zealand". Journal of Paleontology. 56 (3): 589–598. JSTOR abstract and first page 1304393 abstract and first page.
4. Wilson, E.O. (1985). "Ants of the Dominican amber (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). 3. The subfamily Dolichoderinae.". Psyche. 92: 17–37. doi:10.1155/1985/20969.
5. Tindale, N. B. (1985). "A butterfly-moth (Lepidoptera:Castniidae) form the Oligocene shales of Florissant, Colorado" (PDF). Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera. 24 (1): 31–40.
6. Bird (1985). Sanders, Manley, and Carpenter (2001), "Table 12.1" page 167.
7. Chatterjee, Sankar (1985). "Postosuchus, a new Thecodontian reptile from the Triassic of Texas and the origin of Tyrannosaurs". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 309 (1139): 395–460. doi:10.1098/rstb.1985.0092.
8. Jurcsak, T. and E. Kessler. 1985. La paleofaune de Comet- implications phylogenetiques et ecologiques. Evolution et Adaptation 11: pp. 137-147.
9. Federico L. Agnolin and David Varricchio (2012). "Systematic reinterpretation of Piksi barbarulna Varricchio, 2002 from the Two Medicine Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of Western USA (Montana) as a pterosaur rather than a bird". Geodiversitas 34 (4): 883–894. doi:10.5252/g2012n4a10.
10. Olshevsky, George. "Dinogeorge's Dinosaur Genera List". Retrieved 2008-08-07.
11. Bonaparte, J.F. and F.E. Novas. 1985. Abelisaurus comahuensis, ng, n. sp., Carnosauria from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia. Ameghiniana 21: pp. 259-265.
12. Galton, P.M. 1985. The poposaurid thecodontian Teratosaurus suevicus v. Meyer, plus referred specimens mostly based on prosauropod dinosaurs, from the Middle Stubensandstein (Upper Triassic) of Nordwurttenburg. Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturk. (ser. B) 116: pp. 1-29.
13. Galton, P.M. and Heerden, J. 1985. Partial hindlimb of Blikanasaurus cromptoni n. gen. and n. sp. representing a new family of prosauropod dinosaurs from the Upper Triassic of South Africa. Geobios 18: pp. 509-516.
14. Galton, P. M. 1985. Notes on the Melanorosauridae, a family of large prosauropod dinosaurs (Saurischia, Sauropodomorpha). Geobios 19: pp. 671-676.
15. Bonaparte, J.E. 1985. A horned Cretaceous Carnosaur from Patagonia. Natl. Geogr. Res. Winter: pp. 149-152.
16. Chao Shichin. 1985. The reptilian fauna of the Jurassic in China. In: The Jurassic System of China (Wang S., Z. Cheng, and N. Wang, eds.). Geological Publishing House, Beijing: pp. 286-289, 347, pl. 10, 11 [in Chinese].
17. Jensen, J.A. 1985. Three new sauropod dinosaurs from the Upper Jurassic of Colorado. Great Basin Nat. 45 (4): pp. 679-709.
18. Dong, Z. and Z. Tang. 1985. Note on the mid Jurassic carnosaur (Gasosaurus constructus gen. et sp. nov.) from Suchuan Basin. China. Vertebrate Palasiatica 23 (1): pp. 77-83.
19. Storrs L. Olson (1985). "The Fossil Record of Birds" (PDF). In Avian Biology, vol. 8, (ed) D.S. Farner, J.R. King and K.C. Parkes, New York: Academic Press: 79–252.
20. Dieter S. Peters (1985). "Ein Neuer Segler aus der Grube Messel und seine Bedeutung für den Status der Aegialornithidae (Aves: Apodiformes)". Senckenbergiana lethaea. 66 (1-2): 143–164.
21. Evgeny N. Kurochkin (1985). "[Birds of Central Asia in the Pliocene] [in Russian]". Transactions of the Joint Soviet-Mongolian Expedition. 26: 1–120.
22. Nikita V. Zelenkov (1985). "Neogene Geese and Ducks (Aves: Anatidae) from Localities of the Great Lakes Depression, Western Mongolia". Paleontological Journal. 46 (6): 607–619.
23. Steven D. Emslie (1985). "A New Species of Teal from the Pleistocene (Rancholabrean) of Wyoming" (PDF). Auk. 102 (1): 201–205. doi:10.2307/4086849.
24. Michael K. Brett-Surman; Gregory S. Paul (1985). "A New Family of Bird-Like Dinosaurs Linking Laurasia and Gondwanaland" (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 5 (2): 133–138. doi:10.1080/02724634.1985.10011851.
25. Hou Lianhai (1985). "Upper Miocene Birds from Lufeng, Yunnan". Acta Anthropologica Sinica. 4 (2): 118–126.
26. Nikita V. Zelenkov (2012). "A New Duck from the Middle Miocene of Mongolia with Comments on Miocene Evolution of Ducks". Paleontological Journal. 46 (5): 520–530. doi:10.1134/s0031030112050139.
27. Herculano M. F. de Alvarenga (1985). "Notas Sobre Os Cathartidae (Aves) e Descrição de um Novo Gênero do Cenozóico Brasileiro". Anais da Academia Brasileira Ciências. 57: 349–357.
28. Robert F. Baird (1985). "Avian Fossils from Quaternary Deposits on 'Green Waterhole Cave', Southeastern South Australia" (PDF). Records of the Australian Museum. 37: 353–370. doi:10.3853/j.0067-1975.37.1985.332.
29. Patricia Vickers Rich; Philippa J. Haarhoff (1985). "Early Pliocene Coliidae (Aves, Coliiformes) from Langebaanweg, South Africa". Ostrich. 56: 20–41. doi:10.1080/00306525.1985.9639567.
30. Jonathan J. Becker (1985). "Fossil Herons (Aves: Ardeidae) of the Late Miocene and Early Pliocene of Florida". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 5 (1): 24–31. doi:10.1080/02724634.1985.10011844.
31. Claudia P. Tambussi; Eduardo P. Tonni (1985). "Un Tinamidae (Aves: Tinamiformes) del Mioceno Tardío de la Pampa (República Argentina) y Comentarios Sobre los Tinamidae Fósiles Argentinos". Revista de la Asociación Paleontológica Argentina. 14: 4.
32. Storrs L. Olson (1985). "Early Pliocene Ibises (Aves, Plataleidae) from South-Western Cape Province, South Africa" (PDF). Annals of the South African Museum. 97 (3): 57–69.
33. Cécile Mourer-Chauviré; Jean-Christophe Balouet; Yves Jehenne; Émile Heintz (1985). "Un Nouvelle Espèce de Grue, Grus afghana (Aves, Gruiformes) du Miocène Supérieur de Molayan, Afghanistan". Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Section C: Sciences de la Terre: Paléontologie, Géologie, Minéralogie, Série 4. 7: 179–187.
34. Storrs L. Olson (1985). "A New Genus of Tropicbird (Pelecaniformes: Phaetontidae) from the Middle Miocene Calvert Formation of Maryland" (PDF). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 98 (4): 851–855.
35. David W. Steadman; Gary S. Morgan (1985). "A New Species of Bullfinch (Aves: Emberizinae) from a Late Quaternary Cave Deposit on Cayman Brac, West Indies" (PDF). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 98 (3): 544–553.
36. Storrs L. Olson (1985). "Early Pliocene Procellariiformes (Aves) from Langebaanweg, South-Western Cape Province, South Africa" (PDF). Annals of the South African Museum. 95 (3): 123–145.
37. Herculano M. F. de Alvarenga (1985). "Um Novo Psilopteridae (Aves: Gruiformes) dos Sedimentos Terciários de Itaboraí, Estado Rio de Janeiro, Brasil". VIII Congresso Brasileiro da Paleontologia, 1983, Sociedade Brasileira de Paleontologia/Academia Brasileira de Ciências, Séria Geologia 27, Paleontologia/Estratigrafia 2: 17-20. NME-DNPM Série Geologia 27 Paleontolgia Estratigraphiá. 2: 17–20.
38. Cécile Mourer-Chauviré (1985). "Les Todidae (Aves: Coraciiformes) des Phosphorites du Quercy (France)". Proceedings of the Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen B. 88: 407–414.
39. Jonathan J. Becker (1985). "Pandion lovensis, A New Species of Osprey from the Late Miocene of Florida" (PDF). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 98 (2): 314–320.
40. Colin J. O. Harrison (1985). "A Bony-Toothed Bird (Odontopterygiformes) from the Palaeocene of England". Tertiary Research. 7 (1): 23–25.
41. Storrs L. Olson (1985). "A New Species of Siphonorhis from Quaternary Cave Deposits in Cuba (Aves: Caprimulgidae)" (PDF). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 98 (2): 526–532.

• Bird, R.T. (1985) Bones for Barnum Brown (V.T. Schreiber, Ed.), Texas Christian Univ. Press. Fort Worth, TX. 225 pp.
• Sanders F, Manley K, Carpenter K. Gastroliths from the Lower Cretaceous sauropod Cedarosaurus weiskopfae. In: Tanke D.H, Carpenter K, editors. Mesozoic vertebrate life: new research inspired by the paleontology of Philip J. Currie. Indiana University Press; Bloomington, IN: 2001. pp. 166–180.