1995 in paleontology

List of years in paleontology
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Paleontology or palaeontology (from Greek: paleo, "ancient"; ontos, "being"; and logos, "knowledge") is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1995.

Molluscs

Bivalves

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Camya[2]

gen et sp nov

valid

Hinz-Schallreuter

Early Cambrian

Bornholm

 Denmark

type and only species Camya asy

Pojetaia ostseensis[2]

sp nov

nomen dubium

Hinz-Schallreuter

Early Cambrian

Bornholm

 Denmark

Probable synonym of P. runnegari

Arthropods

Arachnids

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Uintascorpio[3]

gen et sp nov

valid

Perry

Middle Eocene

Green River Formation

 USA

only scorpion from the Green River Formation

Insects

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Aphaenogaster amphioceanica[4]

Sp nov

Valid

De Andrade

Burdigalian

Dominican amber

 Dominican Republic

A myrmicin ant

Aphaenogaster praerelicta[4]

Sp nov

Valid

De Andrade

Burdigalian

Mexican amber

 Mexico

A myrmicin ant

Baltimartyria[5]

gen nov

valid

Skalski

Early Eocene

Baltic amber

new genus for Micropterix proavitella

Dryinus grimaldii[6]

sp nov

valid

Olmi

Burdigalian

Dominican amber

 Dominican Republic

first fossil Dryinus lamellatus group species

Electrinocellia[7]

subfam, gen et sp nov

Valid

Engel

Eocene

Baltic amber

sister taxon to the rest of Inocelliidae

Fish

Newly named bony fish

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Asiamericana[8]

Gen et sp nov

dubious

Nesov

Turonian

Bissekty Formation

 Uzbekistan

A possible Ichthyodectid.
Originally described as possibe Spinosurid teeth

Archosauromorphs

Newly named dinosaurs

Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.[10]

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Achelousaurus[11]

Gen et sp nov

valid

Sampson

Campanian

Two Medicine Formation

 USA

A centrosaurin ceratopsian

Ampelosaurus[12]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Le Loeuff

Maastrichtian

Marnes Rouges Inferieures Formation

 France

A titanosaur

"Brontoraptor"

nomen nudum

Redman

Bugenasaura[13]

Gen et sp nov

Junior Synonym of Thescelosaurus[14]

Galton

Lancian

Hell Creek Formation

 USA

Chindesaurus[15]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Long & Murry

"Dinotyrannus"[16]

Gen et sp nov

Junior Synonym of Tyrannosaurus

Olshevsky

Lancian

Hell Creek Formation

 USA

Einiosaurus[11]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Sampson

Campanian

Two Medicine Formation

 USA

A centrosaurin ceratopsian

Genusaurus[17]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Accarie et al.

Giganotosaurus[18]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Coria & Salgado

Jainosaurus[19]

Valid

Hunt, Lockley, Lucas, & Meyer

"Jenghizkhan"[20]

Junior Synonym

Olshevsky

Junior Synonym of Tarbosaurus

Jingshanosaurus[21]

Valid

Zhang & Yang

Kulceratops[8]

Valid

Nesov

"Liassaurus"[22]

nomen nudum

Welles, Powell, & Pickering

"Merosaurus"[22]

nomen nudum

Welles, Powell, & Pickering

Niobrarasaurus[23]

Valid

Carpenter, Dilkes, & Weishampel

Coniacian-Santonian

Niobrara Formation

 United States

A nodosaurid.

Saurophaganax[24]

Valid

Chure

Kimmeridgian-Tithonian

Morrison Formation

 United States

An allosaurid.

"Stygivenator"[16]

Gen nov

junior synonym

Olshevsky

Lancian

Hell Creek Formation

 USA

Junior synonym of Tyrannosaurus

Texasetes[25]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Coombs

late Albian-early Cenomanian

Paw Paw Formation

 United States

A nodosaurid.

"Walkersaurus"[22]

nomen nudum

Welles, Powell & Pickering vide: Pickering

Bajocian

 England

material later named Duriavenator

Newly named birds

Name Status Novelty Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Ajaia chione [26]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Steven D. Emslie

Pleistocene

Early Irvingtonian,

Bermont Formation

 USA:

 Florida

A Threskiornithidae.

Ameripodius silvasantosi [27]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Herculano M. F. de Alvarenga

Late Oligocene-Early Miocene

Tremembé Formation

 Brazil

A Craciformes, Quercymegapodiidae Mourer-Chauviré, 1992, this is the type species of the new genus.

Anhinga malagurala [28]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Brian Mackness

Early Pliocene

Allingham Formation

 Australia:

 Queensland

An Anhingidae.

Avisaurus gloriae [29]

Sp. nov.

Valid

David J. Varricchio

Luis M. Chiappe

Late Cretaceous

Maastrichtian,

Hell Creek Formation

 USA:

 Montana

An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Alexornithiformes Brodkorb, 1976, Avisauridae Brett-Surman et Paul, 1985.

Boluochia zhengi [30]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Zhou Zhonghe

Early Cretaceous

Valanginian,

Jiufotang Formation

 China

An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Longipterygidae Zhang, Zhou, L. H. Hou et Gu, 2000, this is the type species of the new genus.

Confuciusornis sanctus [31]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Hou Lianhai

Zhou Zhonghe

Gu Yucai

Zhang He

Early Cretaceous

Yixian Formation

 China

A Confuciusornithiformes Hou, Zhou, Gu et Zhang, 1995, Confuciusornithidae Hou, Zhou, Gu et Zhang, 1995, this is the type species of the new genus.

Corvus moravicus [32]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Jiri Mlikovsky

Early Pleistocene

Stránská Skála

 Czech Republic

A Corvidae.

Eudocimus leiseyi [26]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Steven D. Emslie

Pleistocene

Early Irvingtonian,

Bermont Formation

 USA:

 Florida

A Threskiornithidae.

Grus pagei [33]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Kenneth E. Campbell, jr.

Late Pleistocene

Rancho la Brea

 USA:

 California

A Gruidae.

Hinasuri nehuensis [34]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Claudia P. Tambussi

Middle-Late Pliocene

Monte Hermoso Formation

 Argentina

A Rheidae, this is the type species of the new genus.

Idiornis tuberculata [35]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Dieter S. Peters

Middle Eocene

Messel pit:

MP 11

 Germany:

 Hessen

A Gruiformes, Idiornithidae Brodkorb, 1965. The genus Idiornis Oberholser, 1899 was placed in synonymy with the genus Dynamopterus Milne-Edwards, 1892 by Mourer-Chauviré, 2013 [36]

Itardiornis hessae [37]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Cécile Mourer-Chauviré

Late Eocene and Middle Eocene

MP 21 and MP 23

 France

A Gruiformes, Messelornithidae Hesse, 1988, this is the type species of the new genus.

Lagopus balcanicus [38]

Sp. nov.

Valid

ppZlatozar N. Boev

Late Pliocene

MN 17,

Middle Villafranchian

 Bulgaria

A Phasianidae.

Larus lacus [39]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Steven D. Emslie

Late Pliocene

Late Blancan

 USA:

 Florida

A Laridae.

Larus perpetuus [39]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Steven D. Emslie

Late Pliocene

Late Blancan

 USA:

 Florida

A Laridae.

Meganhinga chilensis [40]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Herculano M. F. de Alvarenga

Miocene

Cura-Mallín Formation

 Chile

An Anhingidae, this is the type species of the new genus.

Menura tyawanoides [41]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Walter E. Boles

?Early Miocene

Riversleigh

 Australia:

 Queensland

A Menuridae.

Messelornis russelli [37]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Cécile Mourer-Chauviré

Late Paleocene

MP 6

 France

A Gruiformes, Messelornithidae Hesse, 1988.

Phalacrocorax filyawi [39]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Steven D. Emslie

Late Pliocene

Late Blancan

 USA:

 Florida

A Phalacrocoracidae.

Qinornis palaeocenica [42]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Xue Xiangxu

Early-Middle Paleocene

Shimen Basin

 China

A Neognathae Pycraft, 1900 Incertae Sedis, this is the type species of the new genus.

Pterosaurs

New taxa

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Plataleorhynchus

gen et sp nov

Valid

Howse and Milner

Early Cretaceous

Purbeck Limestone

 England

References

  1. Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.
  2. 1 2 Elicki, O.; Gürsu, S. (2009). "First record of Pojetaia runnegari Jell, 1980 and Fordilla Barrande, 1881 from the Middle East (Taurus Mountains, Turkey) and critical review of Cambrian bivalves" (PDF). Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 83 (2): 267–291. doi:10.1007/s12542-009-0021-9.
  3. Santiago-Blay, Jorge A.; Soleglad, Michael E.; Fet, Victor (2004). "A redescription and family placement of Uintascorpio Perry, 1995 from the Parachute Creek Member of the Green River Formation (middle Eocene) of Colorado, USA (Scorpiones: Buthidae)" (PDF). Revista Ibérica de Aracnología. 10: 7–16. ISSN 1576-9518.
  4. 1 2 De Andrade, M. L. (1995). "The ant genus Aphaenogaster in Dominican and Mexican amber (Amber Collection Stuttgart: Hymenoptera, Formicidae. IX: Pheidolini)". Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde (B). 223: 1–11.
  5. Mey, Wolfram (2011). "On the systematic position of Baltimartyria Skalski, 1995 and description of a new species from Baltic amber (Lepidoptera, Micropterigidae)". ZooKeys. 130: 331–342. doi:10.3897/zookeys.130.1480.
  6. Olmi, Massimo; Guglielmino, Adalgisa (2011). "Revision of fossil species of Dryinus belonging to lamellatus group, with description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae)" (PDF). 130: 505–514. doi:10.3897/zookeys.130.133.
  7. Engel, M.S. (1995). "A new fossil snake-fly species from Baltic amber (Raphidioptera: Inocelliidae)". Psyche. 102 (3-4): 187–193. doi:10.1155/1995/23626.
  8. 1 2 Nesov, L.A. (1995). "Dinosaurs of northern Eurasia: new data about assemblages, ecology and palaeogeography (in Russian)". University of Saint Petersburg, Saint Petersburg: 156.
  9. "Introduction," Chure (2001). Pg. 20.
  10. Olshevsky, George. "Dinogeorge's Dinosaur Genera List". Retrieved 2008-08-07.
  11. 1 2 Sampson, S.D. (1995). "Two new horned dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation of Montana, with a phylogenetic analysis of the Centrosaurinae (Ornithischia: Ceratopsidae)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 15 (4): 743–360. doi:10.1080/02724634.1995.10011259.
  12. Le Loeuff, J. (1995). "Ampelosaurus atacis (nov. gen., nov. sp), un nouveau Titanosauridae (Dinosauria, Saurpoda) du Crétacé Supérieur de la haute vallée de l'Aude (France)". C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris. 321 (sér. II a): 693–696.
  13. Galton, P.M. 1995. The species of the basal hypsilophodontid dinosaur Thescelosaurus Gilmore (Ornithischia; Ornithopoda) from the Late Cretaceous of North America. Neues Jahrbuch fuer Geologie und Palaeontologie. Abhandlungen 198 (3): pp. 297-311.
  14. Boyd, C. A.; Brown, C. M.; Scheetz, R. D.; Clarke, J. A. (2009). "Taxonomic revision of the basal neornithischian taxa Thescelosaurus and Bugenasaura". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 29 (3): 758–770. doi:10.1671/039.029.0328.
  15. Long, R.A. and P.A. Murry. 1995. Late Triassic (Carnian and Norian) tetrapods from the Southwestern United States. New Mexico Museum Nat. History Sci. Bull. 4: pp. 1-254.
  16. 1 2 Olshevsky vide Olshevsky, G. 1995. The Origin and Evolution of the Tyrannosaurids. Kyoryugaku Saizensen [Dino-Frontline] 9: 92-119 (part 1); 10:75-99 (part 2)
  17. Accarie, H., B. Beaudoin , J. Dejax, G. Fries, J.-C. Michard, and P. Taquet. 1995. Decouverte d’un Dinosaure Theropode nouveau (Genusaurus sisteronis n. g., n. sp.) dans l’Albien marin de Sisteron (Alpes de Haute-Provence, France) et extension au Cretace inferieur de la lignee ceratosaurienne. Compte rendu hebdomadaire des seances de l’Academie des Sciences Paris, tomo 320, 2nd series : pp. 327-334.
  18. Coria, R.A. and L. Salgado. 1995. A new giant carnivorous dinosaur from the Cretaceous of Patagonia. Nature. 377: pp. 224-226.
  19. Hunt, A.P., M.G. Lockley, S.G. Lucas, and C.A. Meyer. 1995 [George Olshevsky notes 1995, not 1994]. The global sauropod fossil record. In:Aspects of sauropod paleobiology (M.G. Lockley, V.F. dos Santos, C.A. Meyer, and A. Hunt, eds,). Revista de Geociencias, Gaia 10: pp. 261-279.
  20. Olshevsky vide Olshevsky, G [with illustrations by T.L. Ford and S. Yamamoto]. 1995. The Origin and Evolution of the Ornithopods. Kyoryugaku Saizensen [Dino-Frontline] 11: 98-119 (part 1); 12: 96-117 (part 2); 13: 97-109 (part 3, 1996);
  21. Zhang, Y., and Z. Yang. 1994 [George Olshevsky notes 1995, not 1994]. A new complete ostology of Prosauropoda in Lufeng Basin Yunnan China, Jingshanosaurus. Yunnan Publishing House of Science and Technology, Kunming, China: pp. 1-100.
  22. 1 2 3 Welles, H. P. Powell & Pickering vide Pickering, S. 1995. A fractal scaling in dinosaurology project (2nd revised printing). Capitola, California: 478 pages;
  23. Carpenter, K., D. Dilkes, and D.B. Weishampel. 1995. The Dinosaurs of the Niobrara Chalk Formation (Upper Cretaceous, Kansas). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 15 (2): pp. 275-297.
  24. Chure, D.J. 1995. A reassessment of the gigantic theropod Saurophagus maximus from the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of Oklahoma, USA. Sixth Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biota: pp. 103-106.
  25. Coombs, W.P. 1995. A nodosaurid ankylosaur (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Lower Cretaceous of Texas. J. Vert. Paleontol. 15 (2):pp. 298-312.
  26. 1 2 Steven D. Emslie (1995). "An Early Irvingtonian Avifauna from Leisey Shell Pit". Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History. 37 (1): 299–344.
  27. Herculano M. F. de Alvarenga (1995). "Um Primitivo Membro da Ordem Galliformes (Aves) do Terciário Médio da Bacia de Taubaté, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil". Anais da Academia Brasiliera de Cièncias. 67: 33–44.
  28. Brian Mackness (1995). "Anhinga malagurala, A New Pygmy Darter form the Early Pliocene Bluff Downs Local Fauna, North- Eastern Queensland". Emu. 95 (4): 265–271. doi:10.1071/mu9950265.
  29. David J. Varricchio; Luis M. Chiappe (1995). "A New Enantiornithine Bird from the Upper Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation of Montana". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 15 (1): 201–204. doi:10.1080/02724634.1995.10011219.
  30. Zhou Zhonghe (1995). "Discovery of a New Enantiornithine Bird from the Early Cretaceous of Liaoning, China" (PDF). Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 33 (2): 99–113.
  31. Hou Lianhai; Zhou Zhonghe; Gu Yucai; Zhang He (1995). "Confuciusornis sanctus, a New Late Jurassic Sauriurine Bird from China". Chinese Science Bulletin. 40: 1545–1551. Archived from the original on 2014-08-09.
  32. Jiri Mlikovsky (1995). "Early Pleistoceen Birds of Stránska Skála Hill, Czech Republic: 1. Musil's Talus Cone" (PDF). In: R Musil (Ed): Stránka Skála Hill,. Excavation of Open-Air Sediments 1964-1972. Moravian Museum, Brno, Anthropos series. 26: 111–126.
  33. Kenneth E. Campbell, jr. (1995). "A Review of the Cranes (Aves: Gruidae) of Rancho La Brea, with the Description of a New Species" (PDF). Museum of Natural History of Los Angeles County, Contributions in Science. 452: 1–13.
  34. Claudia P. Tambussi (1995). "The Fossil Rheiformes from Argentina". Courier Forschungsinstitut Senkenberg. 181: 121–129.
  35. Dieter S. Peters (1995). "Idiornis tuberculata N. Spec. Ein Weiterer Ungewohnlicher Vogel aus der Grube Messel (Aves: Gruiformes: Cariamidae: Idiornithinae)". Courier Forschungsinstitut Senkenberg. 181: 107–119.
  36. Cécile Mourer-Chauviré (2002). "Idiornis Oberholser, 1899 (Aves, Gruiformes, Cariamae, Idiornithidae): a Junior Synonym of Dynamopterus Milne-Edwards, 1892 (Paleogene, Phosphorites du Quercy, France)". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie. 270 (1): 13–22. doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2013/0355.
  37. 1 2 Cécile Mourer-Chauviré (1995). "The Messelornithidae (Aves: Gruiformes) from the Palaeocene of France". Courier Forschungsinstitut Senkenberg. 181: 95–105.
  38. Zlatozar N. Boev (1995). "Middle Villafranchian Birds from Varshets (Western Balkan Range-Bulgaria)". Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg. 181: 259–269.
  39. 1 2 3 Steven D. Emslie (1995). "A Catastrophic Death Assemblage of a New Species of Cormorant and Other Seabirds from the Late Pliocene of Florida". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 15 (2): 313–330. doi:10.1080/02724634.1995.10011232.
  40. Herculano M. F. de Alvarenga (1995). "A Large and Probably Flightless Anhinga from the Miocene of Chile". Courier Forschungsinstitut Senkenberg. 181: 149–161.
  41. Walter E. Boles (1995). "A Preliminary Analysis of the Passeriformes from Riversleigh, Northwestern Queensland, Australia, with the description of a New Species of Lyrebird" (PDF). Courier Forschungsinstitut Senkenberg. 181: 163–170.
  42. Xue Xiangxu (1995). "Qinornis paleocenica - a Palaeocene Bird Discovered in China". Courier Forschungsinstitut Senkenberg. 181: 89–93.
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