2S1 Gvozdika

2S1 (SAU-122)

2S1 "Gvozdika" during the Independence Day parade in Kiev, Ukraine
Type Self-propelled artillery
Place of origin Soviet Union
Service history
In service 1972–present
Used by see Operators
Wars see Combat history
Production history
Designer Kharkiv Tractor Plant
Designed 1969
Produced 1971–1991
Number built more than 10,000
Variants see Variants
Specifications
Weight 16 tonnes (35,273 lbs)
Length 7.26 m (23 ft 10 in)
Width 2.85 m (9 ft 4 in)
Height 2.73 m (8 ft 11 in)
Crew 4

Shell separate loading, cased charge
Caliber 122 mm
Breech Horizontal sliding wedge, semi-automatic
Elevation -3 to +70 degrees
Traverse 360 degrees
Rate of fire Maximum: 5 rpm
Sustained: 1-2 rpm
Muzzle velocity 680 m/s (2,200 ft/s)
Maximum firing range Conventional: 15.3 km (9.5 mi)
Extended: 21.9 km (13.6 mi)

Armor 20 mm (.78 in)
Main
armament
2A18 122 mm (4.8 in) howitzer
Engine YaMZ-238N diesel
220 kW (300 hp)
Suspension torsion bar
Operational
range
500 km (310 mi)
Speed Road: 60 km/h (37 mph)
Off-road: 30 km/h (18 mph)
Swim: 4.5 km/h (2.8 mph)

The 2S1 Gvozdika (Russian: 2С1 «Гвоздика», "Carnation") is a Soviet self-propelled howitzer based on the chassis MT-LB APC, mounting the 122 mm 2A18 howitzer. "2S1" is its GRAU designation. An alternative Russian designation is SAU-122 but in the Russian Army it is commonly known as Gvozdika. The 2S1 is fully amphibious with very little preparation, and once afloat is propelled by its tracks. A variety of wider tracks are also available to allow the 2S1 to operate in snow or swamp conditions. It is NBC protected and has infra-red night-vision capability.

Description

The 2S1 has seven road wheels on each side; the running gear can be fitted with different widths of track to match terrain. The interior is separated into a driver's compartment on the left, an engine compartment on the right and a fighting compartment to the rear. Within the fighting compartment the commander sits on the left, the loader on the right and the gunner to the front. The all-welded turret is located above the fighting compartment. The 2S1 utilizes a 122 mm howitzer based on the towed D-30 howitzer. The gun is equipped with a power rammer, a double-baffle muzzle brake and a fume extractor. It is capable of firing HE (high explosive), leaflet, HE/RAP, armor-piercing HE, flechette and chemical rounds.[1][2]

Production history

The first prototype was ready in 1969. The 2S1 entered service with the Soviet Army in the early 1970s and was first seen in public at a Polish Army parade in 1974. The vehicle was deployed in large numbers (72 per tank division, 36 per motorized rifle division). It was designated the M1974 by the U.S. Army and manufactured in Bulgarian, Polish and Russian state factories.

Variants

Former Soviet Union/Russia

Poland

The 2S1 Gvozdika (as well as other related vehicles such as the MT-LB and Opal) were produced in Poland by Huta Stalowa Wola under the name 2S1 Goździk.

Romania

Iran

Operators

Map of 2S1 operators in blue with former operators in red
Croatian Army 2S1 Gvozdika
Polish Land Forces 2S1 Gvozdika at artillery range.
An Iraqi M-1974 howitzer lies stranded in the desert after being deserted by Iraqi forces during Operation Desert Storm.

Current operators

Former operators

Combat history

See also

References

  1. Marat Kenzhetaev (1998). "Self Propelled Artillery and Mortars". www.armscontrol.ru. MIPT Center for Arms Control, Energy and Environmental Studies. Retrieved 2010-05-03.
  2. "2S1 M-1974 122-mm Self-Propelled Howitzer". GlobalSecurity.org. 2008-11-09.
  3. http://alternathistory.org.ua/2s15-norov
  4. Belarus Army Equipment
  5. Deagel.com
  6. Eugene Yanko, Copyright 1997 – [email protected]. "2s1 Gvozdika Self-Propelled Howitzer | Russian Arms, Military Technology, Analysis of Russia's Military Forces". Warfare.ru. Retrieved 2011-08-18.
  7. Ground Forces Equipment – Ukraine

External links

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