OTR-21 Tochka

OTR-21 Tochka SS-21 Scarab
Missiles systems Tochka-U during a parade rehearsal in Kiev
Type	Tactical ballistic missile
Place of origin	Soviet Union
Service history
In service	1976–present (Scarab A) 1989–present (Scarab B) 1990–present (Scarab C)
Used by	See Operators
Production history
Manufacturer	KBM (Kolomna)
Produced	1973
Specifications
Weight	2,000 kg (4,400 lb) Scarab A 2,010 kg (4,430 lb) Scarab B 1,800 kg (4,000 lb) Scarab C
Length	6.4 m (21 ft)
Diameter	0.65 m (2 ft 2 in)
Warhead	Chemical, 100 kt nuclear warhead, EMP, or fragmentation filling

Engine	Single-stage Solid-fuel rocket
Operational range	70 km (43 mi) Scarab A 120 km (75 mi) Scarab B 185 km (115 mi) Scarab C
Speed	1.8 km/s (1.1 mi/s; Mach 5.3)
Guidance system	Inertial guidance, Tochka-P added passive radar against radar installations
Launch platform	BAZ-5921 Mobile TEL

OTR-21 Tochka (Russian: оперативно-тактический ракетный комплекс (ОТР) «Точка»; English: Tactical Operational Missile Complex "Tochka", "Point") is a Soviet tactical ballistic missile. Its GRAU designation is 9K79; its NATO reporting name is SS-21 Scarab. It is transported in a 9P129 vehicle and raised prior to launch. It uses an inertial guidance system.

The OTR-21 forward deployment to East Germany began in 1981, replacing the earlier FROG series of unguided artillery rockets.

Description

The OTR-21 is a mobile missile launch system, designed to be deployed along with other land combat units on the battlefield. While the 9K52 Luna-M is large and relatively inaccurate, the OTR-21 is much smaller. The missile itself can be used for precise strikes on enemy tactical targets, such as control posts, bridges, storage facilities, troop concentrations and airfields. The fragmentation warhead can be replaced with a nuclear, biological or chemical warhead. The solid propellant makes the missile easy to maintain and deploy.

OTR-21 units are usually managed in a brigade structure. There are 18 launchers in a brigade; each launcher is provided with 2 or 3 missiles. The vehicle is completely amphibious, with a maximum road speed of 60 km/h (37 mph) and 8 km/h (5.0 mph) in water. It is NBC-protected. The system has been in development since 1968. Three variants have been created.

Scarab A

The initial Scarab A entered service with the Soviet Army in 1975. It carries one of three types of warhead:

482 kg (1,063 lb) of conventional HE
fragmentation (lethal radius more than 200 m (660 ft)
nuclear

The minimal range is about 15 km (9.3 mi), maximum range is 70 km (43 mi); its circular error probable (CEP) is estimated to be about 150 m (490 ft).

Scarab B

The improved Scarab B (Tochka-U) was passed state tests from 1986 to 1988, introduced in 1989. Improved propellant increased the range to 120 km (75 mi). CEP significantly improved, to less than 95 m (312 ft).

Scarab C

A third variant, Scarab C, was developed in the 1990s. Again, range increased (185 km (115 mi)), and CEP decreased to less than 70 m (229 ft). Scarab C weighs 1,800 kg (4,000 lb).

Use in combat

1994 The Yemeni government used Tochka missiles against southern forces during the 1994 Yemen civil war.^[1]
1999 Russia used the missiles in the Chechen Wars.^[2]
2008 At least 15 Tochka missiles were deployed by Russian forces from August 8–11 during the 2008 South Ossetia war.^[3]
Multiple videos show the Ukrainian Army fired multiple Tochka missiles near Donetsk during the War in Donbass.^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]
2014 The Syrian Army fired at least one Tochka against the insurgents during the battle of Wadi al-Deif (near Ma'rat al-Nu'man, in the province of Idlib) in December 2014.^[9]
On 20 August 2015 during the Saudi Arabian-led war in Yemen, Yemeni Republican Guard loyal to Ali Abdullah Saleh fired an OTR-21 targeting a Saudi base.^[10]
On 4 September 2015 Yemeni Republican Guard fired a Tochka at Safir base in Marib killing over 100 Saudi-led coalition personnel ^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14]
On 14 December 2015 Yemeni Republican Guard fired a Tochka at Bab Al Mandab base killing over 150 of the Saudi-led coalition personnel ^[15]^[16]^[17]^[18]
On 16 January 2016 Yemeni Republican Guard fired a Tochka at Al Bairaq base in Marib killing dozens of Saudi-led coalition personnel ^[19] ^[20]
On 31 January 2016 Yemeni Republican Guard fired a Tochka at Al Anad base in Lahj killing over 140 Saudi-led coalition personnel ^[21]^[22]^[23]^[24]
On 26 April 2016 the Syrian Army fired a Tochka at opposition forces in the Syrian Civil Defense Center in west Aleppo^[25]^[26]
On 14 June 2016 the Syrian Army fired a Tochka against Islamists groups Al-Rahman Legion and Jaysh Al-Fustat in Eastern Ghouta killing several fighters.^[27]

Operators

Map of OTR-21 operators in blue with former operators in red

Ukrainian OTR-21 Tochka missiles during the Independence Day parade in Kiev

Current operators

Armenia: At least 8 launchers Tochka-U
Azerbaijan: 3 launchers Tochka-U with 4 missiles
Belarus: 36^[28]
Bulgaria: 18^[29]
Kazakhstan: unknown number
North Korea: unknown number of variant KN-02
Russia: 220 launchers.^[30] Missile systems have been upgraded since 2004 (replacing the onboard automated control systems)^[31]^[32] It is planned to be replaced by the 9K720 Iskander^[33]^[34] by 2020.^[35]
Ukraine: 90^[36]
Syria: unknown number
Yemen: unknown number

Former operators

Czechoslovakia: passed on to successor states.
Czech Republic: inherited from Czechoslovakia, retired.
East Germany: passed on to Germany.
Germany: retired.
Lithuania: retired.
Poland: 4^[37] retired in 2005, because of lack of rockets and service parts
Slovakia: small number, inherited from Czechoslovakia, all retired.
Soviet Union: Passed on to successor states.

Comparable missiles

References

↑ Zaloga, Steven J. Scud Ballistic Missile and Launch Systems 1955-2005, page 39.
↑ "It Was No Spontaneous, But Planned War". Novaya Gazeta.
↑ Fulghum, David A.; Douglas Barrie; Robert Wall; Andy Nativi (2008-08-15). "Georgian Military Folds Under Russian Attack". Aviation Week. Retrieved 2008-11-09.
↑ "Ukraine denies using ballistic missiles". Deutsche Welle. 2 August 2014. Retrieved 2 October 2014.
↑ "NATO flip-flops over Kiev use of ballistic missiles against militants". RT. 1 August 2014. Retrieved 2 October 2014.
↑ Tim Lister (3 September 2014). "Wrecked tanks, deserted playgrounds: Inside the kill zone of eastern Ukraine". CNN. Retrieved 2 October 2014. In a burned field south of Ilovaisk, on what was the frontline of combat a few days ago, we found a large green tube amid bushes and trees. Military experts have identified it as the rocket motor section of a Russian-made SS-21 "Scarab" ballistic missile. But both the Ukrainian and Russian militaries have the SS-21.
↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rcA3LtpiQOQ
↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v6rDPTtQJv0
↑ "( + ) -". Retrieved 23 December 2014.
↑ http://spioenkop.blogspot.fr/2015/08/houthis-continue-to-fire-ballistic.html
↑ http://www.janes.com/article/55137/arab-coalition-deploys-patriot-to-yemen
↑ Toll From Yemen Rebel Attack Rises as 10 Saudi Troops Killed
↑
↑
↑ http://www.defensenews.com/story/defense/2015/12/14/united-arab-emirates/77289732/
↑ http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-35091675
↑ https://www.wam.ae/en/news/emirates/1395289223805.html
↑ http://www.wsj.com/articles/senior-saudi-military-commander-killed-in-yemen-1450100887
↑ http://www.al-akhbar.com/node/250124
↑ http://www.almanar.com.lb/english/adetails.php?fromval=1&cid=23&frid=23&eid=250292
↑ http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/26597/
↑ http://www.almanar.com.lb/english/adetails.php?eid=252844&frid=23&cid=23&fromval=1&seccatid=31
↑ https://twitter.com/DefenseDigest/status/693630175410434049
↑ http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/26597/
↑ "Tochka-U fired by regime in West Aleppo". Map of Syrian Civil war/ Global conflict in Syria - liveuamap.com. Retrieved 2016-04-27.
↑ "شبكة الثورة السورية on Twitter". Twitter. Retrieved 2016-04-27.
↑ Fadel, Leith (16 June 2016). "Islamist offensive in the East Ghouta turns disastrous". Al Masdar News. Retrieved 16 June 2016.
↑ Belarus Army Equipment
↑ Milev, Momchil (2014-04-11). "Da izkovem ot plugovete mechove". Economedia. p. 2. Retrieved 9 August 2014.
↑ http://warfare.be/db/catid/363/linkid/1704/title/ss-21-scarab-/-otr-21-tochka-u/
↑ "24.02.12 СМИ: Минобороны отказалось ремонтировать тактические ракеты «Точка-У»". militaryparitet.com. 24 February 2012. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
↑ The Military Balance 2010. P. 223.
↑ "Великий воин и защитник «Искандер»". vpk.name. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
↑ Денис Тельманов. "Сухопутные войска теряют тактические ракеты". Известия. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
↑ Artillery units of Russia will replace Tochka-U tactical missile with Iskander-M - Armyrecognition.com, 28 November 2016
↑ Ground Forces Equipment - Ukraine
↑ MILITARIUM - Wojsko Polskie - Uzbrojenie

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to OTR-21 Tochka.

Russian, Ukrainian, and former Soviet armoured fighting vehicles after World War II

Tanks

T-10 T-54/T-55 T-55AGM PT-76 T-62 T-64 T-72 T-80 T-84 T-90 T-14 Armata Tifon 2a

Armoured personnel carriers

Tracked	BTR-50 MT-LB BTR-D GT-MU Kurganets-25 PTS

Wheeled	BTR-3 BTR-4 BTR-7 BTR-40 BTR-60 BTR-70 BTR-80 BTR-90 BPM-97 BTR-94 BTR-152 SBA-60K2 Bulat BTR Bumerang BTR Krymsk

Infantry fighting vehicles

BMP-1 BMP-2 BMP-3 BMD-1 BMD-2 BMD-3 BMD-4 BTR-T ATOM BMPV-64 (ru:БМПВ-64/uk:БМПВ-64) BMPT Lazika T-15 Armata Kurganets-25

Self-propelled artillery

Guns	1K17 Szhatie 2S1 Gvozdika 2S3 Akatsiya 2S4 Tyulpan 2S5 Giatsint 2S7 Pion 2S9 Nona 2S19 Msta 2S23 Nona-SVK 2S25 2S27 Msta-K 2S30 Iset 2S31 Vena 2S33 Msta-SM 2S35 Koalitsiya-SV ASU-57 ASU-85 A-222 Bereg

MRLs	BM-14 BM-21 Grad BM-24 BM-25 BM-27 Uragan TOS-1 BM-30 Smerch 9A52-4 Tornado Polonez RS-122

Missiles	2K1 Mars (FROG-2) 2K6 Luna (FROG-3/5) 9K52 Luna-M (FROG-7) 9K79 Tochka (SS-21 Scarab) R-400 Oka (SS-23 Spider) Iskander (SS-26 Stone) K-300P Bastion-P

Armored cars and other

BRDM BRDM-2 Didgori-1 Didgori-2 Didgori-3 Didgori Medevac Dozor-B GAZ Tiger GAZ 46 GAZ Vodnik I-52 Kozak VEPR VPK-3927 Volk T-98 Kombat Typhoon

Self-propelled anti-aircraft weapons

Guns	BTR-40A BTR-152A BTR-152D ZSU-57-2 ZSU-23-4 2S6 Tunguska Pantsir-S1

Missiles	2K11 Krug (SA-4 Ganef) 2K12 Kub (SA-6 Gainful) 9K22 Tunguska (SA-19 Grison) 9K31 Strela-1 (SA-9 Gaskin) 9K33 Osa (SA-8 Gecko) 9K35 Strela-10 (SA-13 Gopher) 9K37 Buk (SA-11 Gadfly) 9K330 Tor (SA-15 Gauntlet) S-300 (SA-10 Grumble) Pantsir-S1 (SA-22 Greyhound)

Russian and former Soviet military designation sequences for radar, missile and rocket systems

Radar
systems

Land-based	A-100 P-3 P-8 P-10 P-12 P-14 P-15 P-18 P-19 P-20 P-30 P-35 P-37 P-40 P-70 P-80 P-100 Kabina 66 Kasta 2E RSN-225 Azov SNR-75 1S91 30N6 36D6 64N6 76N6 96L6E 9S15 9S19 9S32 Duga Dnestr Dnepr Daryal Dunay Volga Don 2N Voronezh Container

Ship-borne

Airborne	N001 N002 N005 N006 N007 N008 N010 N011 N012 N014 N019 N025 N035 N036

Missiles

ICBM	GR-1 R-7 R-9 R-16 R-26 R-36 R-36M R-46 RS-24 RS-26 RT-2 RT-2PM RT-2PM2 RT-20 RT-21 RT-23 RS-28 UR-100 UR-100MR UR-100N UR-200

IRBM	R-14 RSD-10

MRBM	R-5 R-12 RT-15 RT-25

SRBM	2K1 2K6 9K52 9K720 R-1 R-2 R-11 R-11A R-17 OTR-21 OTR-23 TR-1

SLBM	R-13 R-15 R-21 R-27 R-29 R-39 RSM-45 RSM-56

Surface-to-surface (cruise)	Burya RSS-40

Surface-to-surface (naval)	P-1 P-5 P-15 P-70 P-120 P-270 P-500 P-700 P-750 P-800 P-900 P-900A P-1000 RKV-500A RPK-2 RPK-6 RPK-7 URPK-3 URPK-4 URPK-5

Air-to-surface	KSR-2 KSR-5 KS-1 K-10S Kh-11 Kh-15 Kh-20 Kh-22 Kh-23 Kh-25 Kh-26 Kh-28 Kh-29 Kh-31 Kh-35 Kh-38 Kh-41 Kh-55 Kh-58 Kh-59 Kh-80 Kh-90 9M114V

Air-to-air	K-5 R-3 R-4 R-8 R-23 R-27 R-33 R-37 R-38 R-40 R-60 R-73 R-77 R-172

Anti-tank	3M6 9K111 9K112 9K114 9K115 9K115-2 9K121 9M14 9M15 9M17 9M113 9M117 9M119 9M120 9M123 9M133 Kornet-D Hermes

Unguided
rockets

Air-launched	RP-1 RP-5 RP-6 RP-9 RP-15 RP-21 RS-82 RS-132

Surface-launched	BM-14 BM-21 BM-24 BM-25 BM-27 BM-30 TOS-1

Engines

NATO designation for Russian and former Soviet Union missiles

Air-to-air missiles
(complete list)

Air-to-surface missiles
(complete list)

Anti-tank missiles
(complete list)

Surface-to-air missiles
(complete list)

Ground based	SA-1 Guild SA-2 Guideline SA-3 Goa SA-4 Ganef SA-5 Gammon SA-6 Gainful SA-7 Grail SA-8 Gecko SA-9 Gaskin SA-10 Grumble SA-11 Gadfly SA-12 Gladiator/Giant SA-13 Gopher SA-14 Gremlin SA-15 Gauntlet SA-16 Gimlet SA-17 Grizzly SA-18 Grouse SA-19 Grison SA-20 Gargoyle SA-21 Growler SA-22 Greyhound SA-23 Gladiator/Giant SA-24 Grinch SA-25 Morfey S-350E

Naval based	SA-N-1 Goa SA-N-2 Guideline SA-N-3 Goblet SA-N-4 Gecko SA-N-5 Grail SA-N-6 Grumble SA-N-7 Gadfly SA-N-8 Gremlin SA-N-9 Gauntlet SA-N-10 Grouse SA-N-11 Grison SA-N-12 Grizzly SA-N-14 Grouse SA-N-20 Gargoyle

ABMs	ABM-1 Galosh ABM-3/53T6 Gazelle S-500

Surface-to-surface missiles
(complete list)

Ground based	SS-1 Scunner/SS-1 Scud (Scud-A/-B/-C/-D) SS-2 Sibling SS-3 Shyster SS-4 Sandal SS-5 Skean SS-6 Sapwood SS-7 Saddler SS-8 Sasin SS-8B Sasin 2 SS-9 Scarp SS-10 Scrag SS-11 Sego SS-12 Scaleboard SS-X-13 Savage SS-13 Savage SS-14 Scamp/Scapegoat SS-15 Scrooge SS-16 Sinner SS-17 Spanker SS-18 Satan SS-19 Stiletto SS-20 Saber SS-21 Scarab SS-22 Scaleboard SS-23 Spider SS-24 Scalpel SS-25 Sickle SS-26 Stone SS-27 Sickle B SS-28 Saber 2 SS-29 Yars SS-X-30 Satan 2 SS-X-31 Rubezh SS-X-32Zh Barguzin

Naval based	SS-N-1 Scrubber SS-N-2 Styx SS-N-3c Shaddock SS-N-3a Shaddock 3b Sepal SS-N-4 Sark SS-N-5 Sark/Serb SS-N-6 Serb SS-N-7 Starbright SS-N-8 Sawfly SS-N-9 Siren SS-N-12 Sandbox SS-NX-13 SS-N-14 Silex SS-N-15 Starfish SS-N-16 Stallion SS-N-17 Snipe SS-N-18 Stingray SS-N-19 Shipwreck SS-NX-20 Sturgeon SS-N-21 Sampson SS-N-22 Sunburn SS-N-23 Skiff R29RM SS-N-23A Skiff SS-N-23B Skiff SS-NX-24 Scorpion SS-N-25 Switchblade SS-N-26 Strobile SS-N-27 Sizzler SS-N-30A 3M-14 SS-NX-28 SS-N-29 SS-N-32 SS-NX-30? SS-NX-34

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