Abuse by members of religious institutes

"Any cleric or monk who seduces young men or boys, or who is apprehended in kissing or in any shameful situation, shall be publicly flogged and shall lose his clerical tonsure. Thus shorn, he shall be disgraced by spitting in his face, bound in iron chains, wasted by six months of close confinement, and for three days each week put on barley bread given him toward evening. Following this period, he shall spend a further six months living in a small segregated courtyard in custody of a spiritual elder, kept busy with manual labor and prayer, subjected to vigils and prayers, forced to walk at all times in the company of two spiritual brothers, never again allowed to associate with young men." St. Peter Damian, to Pope Leo IX, A.D. 1049. Letter 31:38

As distinct from abuse by some parish priests, who are subject to diocesan control, there has also been abuse by members of Roman Catholic orders, which often care for the sick or teach at school.[1][2] While diocesan clergy have arranged parish transfers of abusive priests, so also the Orders' members have been found to relocate abusive Brothers to other places.

In response the Roman Catholic Church published its "Instruction Concerning the Criteria for the Discernment of Vocations with regard to Persons with Homosexual Tendencies in view of their Admission to the Seminary and to Holy Orders" in 2005. However this did not address the significant problem of heterosexual abuse by members of Roman Catholic orders.

Canon law

Catholic Canon law had for centuries laid down the demanding professional requirements and duties of its members, and these were summarised in the Papal encyclical "Religiosorum institutio" of 1961.[3] Paragraph 29 emphasised that – "Among the proofs and signs of a divine vocation the virtue of chastity is regarded as absolutely necessary".

Australia

Congregation of Christian Brothers

In Australia, there were allegations that during the 1970s sexual abuses took place at the junior campus of St Patricks College and St Alipius Primary School (now closed) in Ballarat, Victoria. After investigation, Brothers Robert Best, Edward Dowlan and Stephen Francis Farrell were all convicted of sex crimes. Dowlan and Best were later transferred to the senior campus, and continued to offend.[4]

Marist Brothers

In February 2008, a teacher at Marist College Canberra, Brother John William Chute, (also known as Brother Kostka), pleaded guilty in the ACT Magistrates Court to eleven charges of indecently assaulting students of the college during the 1980s.[5][6] Damages for sexual abuse have also been sought by former students at Marist College Canberra.[7][8][9]

Marist Regional College was the scene of sex offences against minors during the 1960s and 1970s. In 2007 and 2008, convictions were recorded against two former priests.[10][11]

Salesian order

In Australia, there are allegations that the Salesians moved a priest convicted of abuse in Melbourne to Samoa to avoid further police investigation and charges.[12][13]

In August 2008, the Salesian head in Australia, Fr Frank Moloney SDB, apologised to victims of a former priest Paul Evans convicted of a series of offences. Evans was a Salesian priest when the offences occurred at Boys' Town in Sydney in the 1980s. He was legally and canonically removed from the Order in 1991.[14]

Belgium

Congregation of the Fratres Van Dale

On 14 November 2005, former religious brothers Luc D. and Roger H. of the Congregation of the Fratres Van Dale were sentenced by a Belgian court to imprisonment for sexual abuse of mentally handicapped persons.[15]

Canada

Congregation of Christian Brothers

The Congregation of Christian Brothers has been tainted by various scandals that occurred in the 20th century, especially at the Mount Cashel Orphanage in Newfoundland and in state-sponsored institutions that they ran in Ireland.

Chile

Society of Jesus

The Jesuits have also been affected by abuse affairs in several of their schools and congregations in the United States and Germany. The same abusive teacher in Germany had been guilty of similar crimes in Jesuit schools in Chile and Spain.[16]

Germany

Society of Jesus

The Jesuits have also been affected by abuse affairs in several of their schools and congregations in the United States and Germany.[17][18]

Ireland

From the 1930s up until the early 1990s, approximately 35,000 Irish children and teenagers who were orphans, petty thieves, truants, unmarried mothers or from dysfunctional families were sent to a network of 250 Church-run industrial schools, reformatories, orphanages and hostels.

In the 1990s, a series of television programs publicized allegations of systemic abuse in Ireland's Roman Catholic-run childcare system, primarily in the Reformatory and Industrial Schools. The abuse occurred primarily between the 1930s and 1970s. These documentaries included "Dear Daughter", "Washing Away the Stain" and "Witness: Sex in a Cold Climate and Sinners".[19][20] These programs interviewed adult victims of abuse who provided "testimony of their experiences, they documented Church and State collusion in the operation of these institutions, and they underscored the climate of secrecy and denial that permeated the church response when faced with controversial accusations." The topic was also covered by American broadcast media. Programs such as CBS’s 60 Minutes and ABC’s 20/20 produced segments on the subject for an Irish-American audience.[20]

In 1999, a documentary film series titled "States of Fear" which detailed abuse suffered by Irish children between the 1930s and 1970s in the state childcare system, primarily in the Reformatory and Industrial Schools.

Report of the Irish Commission to Inquire into Child Abuse

A lengthy report detailing cases of emotional, physical and sexual abuse of thousands of children over 70 years was published on 20 May 2009. The report drew on the testimony of nearly 2,000 witnesses, men and women who attended more than 200 Roman Catholic-run schools from the 1930s until the 1990s.

Under a 2002 agreement between the Conference of Religious of Ireland, representing the Orders, and Irish government minister Michael Woods on the other side, all those who accepted the state/Brothers settlements had to waive their right to sue both the church and the government. Their abusers' identities were also to be kept secret.


Ireland's national police force announced that they would study the report to see if it provided any new evidence for prosecuting clerics for assault, rape or other criminal offenses. The report, however, did not identify any abusers by name because of a right-to-privacy lawsuit by the Christian Brothers order.

Shamed by the extent, length, and cruelty of child abuse, Ireland's Prime Minister Brian Cowen apologized to victims for the government's failure to intervene in endemic sexual abuse and severe beatings in schools for much of the 20th century. He also promised to reform Ireland's social services for children in line with the recommendations of the Commission to Inquire into Child Abuse report.[21] Further motions to start criminal investigation against members of Roman Catholic religious orders in Ireland were made by Irish President Mary McAleese and Prime Minister Cowen.[22]

The highest-ranked official of the Roman Catholic Church in Ireland, Dublin Archbishop Diarmuid Martin slammed Irish Roman Catholic orders for concealing their culpability in decades of child abuse, and said they needed to come up with much more money to compensate victims.[23]

At the conclusion of its summer meeting, the Irish Roman Catholic Bishops' Conference said that the abuse of children in institutions run by Roman Catholic priests and nuns was part of a culture that was prevalent in the Roman Catholic Church in Ireland. The bishops spent a major portion of their 8–10 June meeting discussing a report from the Commission to Inquire into Child Abuse, published 20 May under chairman Sean Ryan. The commission found that church institutions failed to prevent an extensive level of sexual, physical and emotional abuse and neglect.

Following a meeting with the Irish government on 4 June 2009, the 18 Irish religious orders implicated in the abuse have agreed to increase their contribution to the compensation fund for victims. The orders also agreed to an independent audit of their assets, so that their ability to pay further compensation can be determined. In a joint statement following the meeting, the orders said they were willing "to make financial and other contributions toward a broad range of measures, designed to alleviate the hurt caused to people who were abused in their care."[24]

Brothers of Charity

Main article: McCoy Report

An eight-year (1999–2007) enquiry and report by Dr Elizabeth Healy and Dr Kevin McCoy into the Brothers of Charity Order's "Holy Family School" in Galway, Ireland, and two other locations, was made public in December 2007. It found that 11 Brothers and 7 staff members had sexually abused 21 Intellectually disabled children.[25]

Congregation of Christian Brothers

In Ireland, during the latter part of the 20th century, Christian brothers schools were noted for brutal and frequent use of corporal punishment.[26]

Sexual abuse was rife. Artane Industrial school's staff hosted a number of Brothers who had repeatedly been warned for "embracing and fondling" boys. Others accused of rape, beat or bribed their victims into silence. Accused Brothers were invariably excused, lightly admonished or, typically, moved to other institutions where they were free to continue abusing children for decades.

Marist Brothers

In Sligo, County Sligo, St. John's School had five teachers who have faced abused charges, of which three were Marist Brothers. In January 2008 "Brother Gregory" (real name Martin Meaney) admitted to abusing a boy 20 or 30 times in a four-month period in 1972, apologized unreservedly and was sentenced on five sample charges to two years imprisonment. He described the boy as "a weak little lad", and told police he had "picked on children who were not getting love at home". Meaney had previously served 12 years of an original 18-year jail sentence imposed in November 1992 where he admitted eight sample charges of buggery, rape and indecent assault on other boys, out of 109 charges. These charges arose when he was teaching at Castlerea, County Roscommon.[27]

Norbertine Order

The Norbertine Order (or White Canons) neglected to inform the police about the abuse by Brendan Smyth from the 1950s. He was eventually charged in 1994.

Salvatorian Order

On 19 December 2007 a Patrick McDonagh of the Salvatorian Order admitted eight counts of sexual and indecent assault on four girls (aged 6 to 10) in the period 1965–1990 in Ireland. He was sentenced to four years in prison, with the last 30 months suspended. He gave the police the names of three girls, but also admitted to assaulting six other victims whom he has refused to identify. The judge described this as "remorse" and suspended most of the sentence for his guilty plea. Aged 78 in 2007, he had joined the Salvatorians in 1955 and retired in 2004.[28]

Sisters of Mercy

The Ryan Report described the Sisters of Mercy order's tolerating physical and sexual abuse of girls in its care in Ireland. Not only that, Mercy Sisters were accused in the report of physically, verbally and emotionally, and perhaps even sexually abusing, or allowing lay personnel to sexually abuse children under the care of the order.

Dominican Order

Vincent Mercer was convicted in 2003 and 2005 of offences at Newbridge College, County Kildare, in the 1970s.

St. Patrick's Missionary Society / Kiltegan Fathers

In May 2011, allegations of sexual abuse by a member of the St. Patrick's Missionary Society in Africa were revealed on the RTÉ programme Prime Time Investigates.[29][30] Alan Shatter, the Irish Minister for Justice, stated that

I have been in touch with the Garda Commissioner about this matter who, of course, shares my concern at the revelations in the programme. The Superintendent in charge of the Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault Investigation Unit is being appointed to examine the programme. In particular, he will examine whether any criminal behaviour was disclosed which can be pursued in this jurisdiction.[31]

Jeremiah McGrath of the St Patrick's Missionary Society was convicted in Liverpool, England, in May 2007 for facilitating abuse by Billy Adams. McGrath had given Adams £20,000 in 2005 and Adams had used the money to impress a 12-year-old girl whom he then raped over a six-month period. McGrath denied knowing about the abuse but admitted having a brief sexual relationship with Adams. His appeal in January 2008 was dismissed.[32]

In 2003 the society paid €325,000 for abuse committed by Fr. Peter Kennedy of the Kiltegan Fathers in 1982.[33]

Mexico

Fr Marcial Maciel

Fr. Marcial Maciel (1920–2008) founded the Legion of Christ, a Roman Catholic order of priests originating in Mexico. Nine former seminarians of his order accused Maciel of molestation.[34] One retracted his accusation, saying that it was a plot intended to discredit the Legion. Maciel maintained his innocence of the accusations. In early December 2004, a few months before Pope John Paul II's death, Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger (who would replace him as Pope, becoming Benedict XVI) reopened a Vatican investigation into longstanding allegations against Maciel.[35]

In early 2009, the order admitted that he had fathered a child. In 2010, after investigation, the Vatican released a report saying that Fr Marcial committed "true crimes and manifest a life without scruples or authentic religious sentiment," the Vatican said.[36]

Netherlands

Salesian Order

In February 2010 the Salesians were accused of sexual abuse in their juvenate Don Rua in 's-Heerenberg. Salesian bishop of Rotterdam van Luyn pleaded for a thorough investigation.[37]

Poland

In 2013, Poland became another European country to discuss sexual abuse in Church. A book "Do feel afraid. The victims of pedophilia in the Polish Church tell their stories" by Ekke Overbeek [38] and the author accused the episcopate of having no empathy towards the victims. The episcopate has criticised the book and stated that it does not address the issue[39] and the Catholic Church authorities have stated that they will not pay compansation to the victims of sex abuse in the Church.[40]

Spain

Society of Jesus

The Jesuits have also been affected by abuse affairs in several of their schools and congregations in the United States and Germany. The same abusive teacher in Germany had been guilty of similar crimes in Jesuit schools in Chile and Spain.[16]

United Kingdom

Benedictine schools

In 2007, two former monks from Buckfast Abbey were sentenced for sexually abusing boys.[41][42]

In 2004, former priest John Kinsey of Belmont Abbey, Herefordshire, was sentenced at Worcester Crown Court to 5 years imprisonment for sexual assaults on schoolboys in the mid-1980s.[43][44]

Kiltegan Fathers

Jeremiah McGrath of the Kiltegan Fathers was convicted in Liverpool in May 2007 for facilitating abuse by Billy Adams. McGrath had given Adams £20,000 in 2005 and Adams had used the money to impress a 12-year-old girl who he then raped over a six-month period. McGrath denied knowing about the abuse but admitted having a brief sexual relationship with Adams. His appeal in January 2008 was dismissed.[32]

William Manahan, the Father Prior of a Buckfast Abbey Preparatory School was convicted of molesting boys in his school during the 1970s.[45]

United States

Brothers of the Sacred Heart

In July 2007 in the United States a lawsuit was filed against the Brothers of the Sacred Heart which alleged that they moved around a Brother who was accused of sexual misconduct with an adolescent.[46][47]

Congregation of Christian Brothers

According to the Chicago-Sun Times, in 1998, Brother Robert Brouillette was arrested in Joliet, Illinois, for indecent solicitation of a child.[48] In 2002, a civil lawsuit was filed in Cook County, Illinois, against Brother Brouillette for sexual assault against a 21-year-old man.[49] Brother Brouliette served as faculty at Brother Rice, in Birmingham, Michigan, at St. Laurence High School in Burbank, Illinois, and possibly other institutions .[50] Brother Robert Brouillette was also known as Robert Sullivan according to court docket 1-07-0633 from the Circuit Court of Cook County, Illinois.[51]

Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary

Reverend Joseph Bukoski is a Roman Catholic priest of the Hawaiian Province of the Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary. He served in the church for many years, but was removed from his post in 2003 following allegations of sexual abuse, for which he has since apologised.[52]

Passionist order

In 2003 a Passionist priest in Chicago, John Ormechea, faced his sixth accusation for allegedly abusing young boys. As in other cases, it was alleged that the local diocese knew of similar allegations, but did nothing.[53]

Salesian order

When priests within the Salesians of Don Bosco order based in San Francisco were accused of sex abuse, the leaders chose to keep quiet.[54] In the United States, Salesian High in Richmond, California lost a sexual abuse case,[55] while in Australia there are allegations that the Salesians moved a priest convicted of abuse in Melbourne to Samoa to avoid further police investigation and charges.[12][13]

Society of Jesus

The Jesuits have also been affected by abuse affairs in several of their schools and congregations in the United States and Germany.[17][18]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Hundreds of priests shuffled worldwide, despite abuse allegations". Snap Network. 20 June 2004. Retrieved 8 April 2009.
  2. ↑ Russell, Ron (4 January 2006). "House of the Accused". San Francisco News. Archived from the original on 14 April 2009. Retrieved 8 April 2009.
  3. ↑ "Religiosorum Institutio Instruc". Papalencyclicals.net. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
  4. ↑ Ellingsen, Peter. Ballarat's good men of the cloth. The Age Newspaper, 14 June 2002.
  5. ↑ "Marist Brother pleads guilty to assaulting boys". ABC News. Australia. 21 February 2008. Retrieved 18 September 2011.
  6. ↑ Violante, Victor (23 June 2008). "Two years in jail for Brother Kostka". The Canberra Times. Retrieved 18 September 2011.
  7. ↑ "More teachers linked to Marist sex abuse case". ABC News. Australia. 25 February 2008. Retrieved 18 September 2011.
  8. ↑ "Marists apologise for Canberra abuse". CathNews. Australia. 24 June 2008. Retrieved 18 September 2011.
  9. ↑ Violante, Victor (11 July 2009). "School's 'paedophile ring'". The Canberra Times. Retrieved 18 September 2011.
  10. ↑ "Pedophile may get parole after one year's prison". CathNews. Australia. 17 May 2007. Retrieved 19 January 2011.
  11. ↑ "Guilty verdict for former priest". ABC News. Australia. 12 February 2008. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
  12. 1 2 "Abuse. International investigation implicates Salesians/Australia". Cathnews.com. 22 June 2004. Archived from the original on 3 July 2008. Retrieved 8 April 2009.
  13. 1 2 "Runaway Priests: Hiding in Plain Sight". Dallas News. Retrieved 8 April 2009.
  14. ↑ "Salesians apologise over abuse". CathNews. 1 August 2008. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
  15. ↑ Antoine Bodar (4 March 2012). "België: ex-broeder veroordeeld voor seksueel misbruik [ Actualiteit | Katholiek Nederland ]". Katholieknederland.nl. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
  16. 1 2 "Jesuit coverup of sex abuse on two continents". Speroforum.com. 2 February 2010. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
  17. 1 2 "Settlements and Verdicts". Lawyersandsettlements.com. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
  18. 1 2 "Apology over sex abuse by Jesuit priests". The Irish Times. 1 January 2010. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
  19. ↑ "Past Catholic sexual and physical child abuse in Ireland". Retrieved 7 January 2010.
  20. 1 2 https://web.archive.org/web/20090119222853/http://escholarship.bc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1007&context=church21_papers. Archived from the original on 19 January 2009. Retrieved 8 January 2010. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  21. ↑ Shamed by child abuse, Ireland to reform services Reuters, 26 May 2009
  22. ↑ Irish Church Abusers Should Face Law, McAleese Says Bloomberg, 30 May 2009
  23. ↑ Archbishop slams Irish Catholic orders over abuse Archived 28 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine. AP, 25 May 2009
  24. ↑ Molloy, Cian. "Irish religious orders agree to boost compensation for abuse victims".
  25. ↑ "McCoy Report text, 2007" (PDF). Retrieved 3 April 2012.
  26. ↑ "Casual brutality marked life in Artane". Sunday Business post. 7 September 2003. Retrieved 18 May 2013.
  27. ↑ "Former brother admits abusing boy 20 or 30 times". The Irish Times. 19 January 2008. p. 3. Retrieved 8 April 2009.
  28. ↑ "Priest gets four years for sexual abuse". The Irish Times. 20 December 2007. p. 4. Retrieved 8 April 2009.
  29. ↑ "RTÉ Player". RTÉ News. Archived from the original on 20 August 2011.
  30. ↑ "RTÉ Player". RTÉ News. Archived from the original on 11 August 2011.
  31. ↑ "Statement by Minister Shatter on Prime Time Investigates programme on clerical sex abuse in Africa « MerrionStreet.ie Irish Government News Service". Merrionstreet.ie. 24 May 2011. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
  32. 1 2 "Priest who helped groom child for sex loses appeal". Irish Independent. 24 January 2008. Retrieved 8 April 2009.
  33. ↑ Books (3 September 2003). "Irish Independent, 2003". The Irish Independent. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
  34. ↑ "ReGAIN Website". Regainnetwork.org. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
  35. ↑ McKinley Jr, James C. (23 April 2005). "Pope-to-Be Reopened Mexican Sex Abuse Inquiry". The New York Times. Retrieved 12 October 2010.
  36. ↑ "Fr. Maciel guilty, 'profound' revision of Legion needed, report Apostolic Visitors", Catholic News Agency, 1 May 2010
  37. ↑ ‘Onderzoek misbruik op alle internaten’. De Volkskrant, Februari 8, 2010 / 9 March 2010.
  38. ↑ http://natemat.pl/50173,autor-ksiazki-lekajcie-sie-odpowiada-episkopatowi-nie-macie-empatii-dla-ofiar-pedofilii
  39. ↑ http://www.thenews.pl/1/9/Artykul/126046,Polish-Episcopate-criticises-Church-child-abuse-book
  40. ↑ http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=469_1380909203
  41. ↑ Monk jailed for schoolboys abuse (BBC News)
  42. ↑ Jail for child sex abuse teacher (BBC News)
  43. ↑ "Five years for attacks on boys". BBC News. 1 April 2004. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
  44. ↑ Updated 4:50 pm 3 April 2012 (4 April 2004). "Priest almost drove victim to suicide". Walesonline.co.uk. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
  45. ↑ "Monk jailed for schoolboys abuse". BBC News. 8 November 2007. Retrieved 8 April 2009.
  46. ↑ Bremer, Dwayne (20 July 2007). "Sex abuse allegation rocks St. Stanislaus". The Sea Coast Echo. Retrieved 18 May 2013.
  47. ↑ Bremer, Dwayne (25 July 2007). "Stanislaus Responds to Abuse Allegations". The Sea Coast Echo. Retrieved 18 May 2013.
  48. ↑ "Christian Brother caught in Net sex sting". Chicago Sun Times. 21 April 1998. Retrieved 9 January 2010.
  49. ↑ "Statement Regarding Judge's Ruling on Parole Violation of St. Louis Sex Offender". The Joliet Daily News. 26 March 2004. Retrieved 18 May 2013.
  50. ↑ "Accused Priests Who Worked in the Archdiocese of Chicago". BishopAccountability.org. 24 March 2007. Archived from the original on 17 January 2010. Retrieved 18 May 2013.
  51. ↑ JOHN DOE, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. ROBERT BROUILLETTE, Also Known as Robert Sullivan, THE CONGREGATION OF CHRISTIAN BROTHERS, Also Known as the Christian Brothers of Ireland, Also Known as the Christian Brothers, and ST. LAURENCE HIGH SCHOOL, (The Archdiocese of Chicago, Defendant-Appellee (PDF), 24 March 2009, retrieved 9 January 2010
  52. ↑ Adamski, Mary (27 February 2004). "National abuse study includes 5 isle priests". Honolulu Star Bulletin.
  53. ↑ Rozas, Angela (25 November 2003). "Ormechea Press report 2003: Priest faces new sex-abuse lawsuit". Poynter Online/Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 8 April 2009.
  54. ↑ "Vatican sued in sex abuse cases". BBC News. 4 April 2002. Retrieved 8 April 2009.
  55. ↑ Russell, Ron (4 October 2006). "Troubled Order". San Francisco News. Retrieved 8 April 2009.
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