Achillea

For other uses, see Achillea (disambiguation).
Yarrow
Yarrow (Achillea millefolium)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Subfamily: Asteroideae
Tribe: Anthemideae
Genus: Achillea
L.
Type species
Achillea millefolium
L.[1]
Synonyms[2]

Millefolium Mill.

Achillea /ækᵻˈliːə/[3] is a group of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753.[4][5]

The genus was named after the Greek mythological character Achilles. According to legend, Achilles' soldiers used yarrow to treat their wounds,[6] hence some of its common names such as allheal and bloodwort.

The genus is native primarily to Europe, temperate areas of Asia, and North America.[7][8] The common name "yarrow" is usually applied to Achillea millefolium,[9] but may also be used for other species within the genus.

These plants typically have frilly, hairy, aromatic leaves. The plants show large, flat clusters of small flowers at the top of the stem. The flowers can be white, yellow, orange, pink or red and are generally visited by many insects, and are thus characterised by a generalised pollination system.[10]


Achillea species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species - see list of Lepidoptera that feed on Achillea.

Cultivation

A number of species - notably A. filipendulina, A. millefolium, A. ptarmica, are popular garden plants.

List of species

Nearly 1000 names have been published within the genus Achillea, at or below the level of species. Sources differ widely as to which of these should be recognized as species which ones merit subspecies or variety status, and which ones should be relegated to the dustbin of synonymy. For convenience, we follow here the Plant List maintained by the Kew Botanic Gardens in London.[11]

  1. Achillea abrotanoides
  2. Achillea absinthoides
  3. Achillea acuminata
  4. Achillea aegyptiaca – Egyptian Yarrow
  5. Achillea ageratifolia – Balkan Yarrow, Greek Yarrow
  6. Achillea ageratum – Sweet Yarrow, Sweet Nancy, English Mace
  7. Achillea × albinea
  8. Achillea aleppica
  9. Achillea alexandri-regis
  10. Achillea alpina – Chinese yarrow or Siberian yarrow
  11. Achillea ambrosiaca
  12. Achillea apiculata
  13. Achillea arabica
  14. Achillea armenorum
  15. Achillea asiatica
  16. Achillea asplenifolia
  17. Achillea atrata – Black Yarrow
  18. Achillea aucheri
  19. Achillea auriculata
  20. Achillea baikalensis
  21. Achillea barbeyana
  22. Achillea barrelieri
  23. Achillea biserrata
  24. Achillea boissieri
  25. Achillea brachyphylla
  26. Achillea bucharica
  27. Achillea callichroa
  28. Achillea cappadocica
  29. Achillea carpatica
  30. Achillea chamaecyparissus
  31. Achillea chamaemelifolia
  32. Achillea cheilanthifolia
  33. Achillea chrysocoma
  34. Achillea clavennae – Silvery Yarrow
  35. Achillea clusiana
  36. Achillea clypeolata
  37. Achillea coarctata
  38. Achillea collina
  39. Achillea condensata
  40. Achillea conferta
  41. Achillea cretica
  42. Achillea crithmifolia
  43. Achillea cucullata
  44. Achillea cuneatiloba
  45. Achillea decolorans
  46. Achillea decumbens
  47. Achillea distans – Alps Yarrow
  48. Achillea erba-rotta – Musk Milfoil
  49. Achillea eriophora
  50. Achillea euxina
  51. Achillea falcata
  52. Achillea filipendulina – Fernleaf Yarrow
  53. Achillea formosa
  54. Achillea fraasii – Filigree Yarrow
  55. Achillea fragantissima
  56. Achillea glaberrima
  57. Achillea goniocephala
  58. Achillea × graja
  59. Achillea grandifolia
  60. Achillea gypsicola
  61. Achillea haussknechtii
  62. Achillea heterophylla
  63. Achillea holosericea
  64. Achillea horanszkyi
  65. Achillea huber-morathii
  66. Achillea × illiczevski
  67. Achillea impatiens
  68. Achillea incognita
  69. Achillea inundata
  70. Achillea japonica
  71. Achillea karatavica
  72. Achillea kellalensis
  73. Achillea ketenoglui
  74. Achillea kotschyi
  75. Achillea laggeri
  76. Achillea latiloba
  77. Achillea ledebourii
  78. Achillea leptophylla
  79. Achillea leptophylloides
  80. Achillea lereschei
  81. Achillea ligustica – Ligurian Yarrow
  82. Achillea lingulata
  83. Achillea lycaonica
  84. Achillea macrocephala
  85. Achillea macrophylla – Broad-leaved Yarrow
  86. Achillea magna syn. of Achillea millefolium
  87. Achillea magnifica
  88. Achillea maritima
  89. Achillea maura
  90. Achillea membranacea
  91. Achillea micrantha
  92. Achillea micranthoides
  93. Achillea millefolium – Milfoil, Yarrow, Allheal, Thousand-leaf, Bloodwort, Carpenter's Grass, Cammock, Green arrow, Sneezeweed, Nosebleed, Green Adder's Mouth, Soldier's Woundwort, Dog Daisy, Old-man's-pepper
  94. Achillea milliana
  95. Achillea mollis
  96. Achillea monocephala
  97. Achillea multifida
  98. Achillea nana – Dwarf Alpine Yarrow
  99. Achillea nigrescens
  100. Achillea nobilis – Noble Yarrow, Creamy Yarrow
  101. Achillea obscura
  102. Achillea occulta
  103. Achillea ochroleuca
  104. Achillea odorata
  105. Achillea oligocephala
  106. Achillea oxyloba
  107. Achillea oxyodonta
  108. Achillea pachycephala
  109. Achillea phrygia
  110. Achillea pindicola
  111. Achillea pratensis
  112. Achillea pseudoaleppica
  113. Achillea pseudopectinata
  114. Achillea ptarmica – Sneezewort, Sneezeweed, Sneezewort Yarrow
  115. Achillea ptarmicifolia
  116. Achillea ptarmicoides
  117. Achillea pyrenaica
  118. Achillea rhodoptarmica
  119. Achillea roseo-alba
  120. Achillea rupestris
  121. Achillea salicifolia
  122. Achillea santolinoides
  123. Achillea schischkinii
  124. Achillea schmakovii
  125. Achillea schneideri
  126. Achillea schugnanica
  127. Achillea sedelmeyeriana
  128. Achillea seidlii
  129. Achillea sergievskiana
  130. Achillea setacea
  131. Achillea sieheana
  132. Achillea sinensis
  133. Achillea sintenisii
  134. Achillea sipikorensis
  135. Achillea spinulifolia
  136. Achillea squarrosa
  137. Achillea stepposa
  138. Achillea styriaca
  139. Achillea × submicrantha
  140. Achillea × subtaurica
  141. Achillea talagonica
  142. Achillea taygetea
  143. Achillea tenuifolia syn. of Achillea millefolium
  144. Achillea teretifolia
  145. Achillea thracica
  146. Achillea tomentosa – Woolly Yarrow
  147. Achillea tuzsonii
  148. Achillea umbellata
  149. Achillea valesiaca
  150. Achillea vermicularis
  151. Achillea virescens
  152. Achillea wilsoniana – Wilson's Yarrow

Gallery

References

  1. ↑ lectotype designated by Green, Prop. Brit. Bot. 182 (1929)
  2. ↑ "Achillea". Index Nominum Genericorum. International Association for Plant Taxonomy. 2006-02-20. Retrieved 2008-05-21.
  3. ↑ Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
  4. ↑ Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 2: 896-897. in Latin
  5. ↑ Tropicos, Achillea L.
  6. ↑ Jalali, Farnood Shokouhi Sabet; Tajik, Hossein; Hadian, Mojtaba (2010). "Efficacy of topical application of alcoholic extract of yarrow in the healing process of experimental burn wounds in rabbit". Comparative Clinical Pathology. doi:10.1007/s00580-010-1081-7.
  7. ↑ Flora of North America Achillea Linnaeus
  8. ↑ Flora of China Vol. 20-21 Page 759 蓍属 shi shu Achillea Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 896. 1753.
  9. ↑ RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 1405332964.
  10. ↑ Van Der Kooi, C. J.; Pen, I.; Staal, M.; Stavenga, D. G.; Elzenga, J. T. M. (2015). "Competition for pollinators and intra-communal spectral dissimilarity of flowers" (PDF). Plant Biology. doi:10.1111/plb.12328.
  11. ↑ The Plant List search for Achillea

External links

Media related to Achillea at Wikimedia Commons Data related to Achillea at Wikispecies

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