Air Force of the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Not to be confused with Congolese Air Force.
Air Force of the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Democratic Republic of the Congo Air Force roundel
Active 1961–Present
Country Democratic Republic of the Congo
Size Numbers of aircraft uncertain
4,000 personnel (estimated)
Part of Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Headquarters Ndolo Airport[1]
Commanders
Chief of Staff Brigadier General Numbi Ngoie Enoch

The Air Force of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, also known as the Democratic Republic of the Congo Air Force (French: Force Aérienne Congolaise, or FAC), is the air force branch of the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (aka Congo-Kinshasa). From 1971 to 1997, the Air Force was known as the Zaire Air Force (French: "Force Aérienne Zairoise", or FAZ).

History

A de Havilland Canada DHC-5 Buffalo in the markings of the Force Aérienne Zairoise in 1975

The FAC was officially created in 1961, out of the remains of the colonial aviation service of the Belgian Congo. It originally operated light aircraft, transport aircraft and helicopters. The first combat aircraft, some armed T-6 Texan trainers, were added in 1962.

A Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) front company, Anstalt WIGMO, provided maintenance support to large parts of the FAC in the 1964–1968 period. The CIA also provided aircraft during the same period and pilots from late 1962 onwards.

In July 1970 the Institute for Strategic Studies described the Force Aérienne Zairoise (FAZ) as numbering 650 with 21 combat aircraft. Aircraft strength was listed as ten T-6 Texan and eight T-28 Trojan armed trainers, two DC-4 and ten DC-3 transports, and six Alouette helicopters. The ISS said that 17 MB-326GB ground attack/trainer aircraft were on order, of which about five had been received.[2]

In July 1974 the International Institute for Strategic Studies described the FAZ as numbering 800 personnel with 33 aircraft. The Military Balance for 1974–75 listed one fighter wing with 17 MB-326GB, 6 AT-6G and 10 T-28 armed trainers, one transport wing with 9 C-47, 4 C-54, and 3 C-130, one training wing with 8 T-6 and 12 SF-260MC, and one helicopter squadron with 20 Aérospatiale Alouette II/III and 7 Aérospatiale SA 330 Pumas.[3] It noted that 17 Mirage V and 3 C-130H were on order.

A Congolese Mil Mi-24 attack helicopter photographed in 2005

The Air Combat Information Group states that by the mid-1980s the FAZ suffered from the same problems as the rest of the Zairean military, including lack of funding and widespread corruption.[4] In the 1980s the air force was theoretically organised into the 1er Groupement Aérien, at Kinshasa (N'djili Airport?), with the 19th Logistics Support Wing (C-130s and Dakotas), the 12th Liaison Wing (helicopters, MU-2Js, and Cessna 310Rs) and the 13th Training Wing. The 2e Groupement Aérien Tactique at Kamina comprised the 21st Fighter-Attack Wing with Mirage 5s and MB.326Ks, and the 22nd Tactical Transport Wing, with 221 Squadron operating the two of three originally delivered Buffalos.[5]

The extreme corruption of the force meant that Zairean aircraft were more often used for private 'business' of their fliers and their superiors[6] than operations against rebels. From an originally delivered eight Dassault Mirage 5Ms,[7] only seven were left by 1988, with five being lost in different accidents. By the mid-1990s the last three were sold. Michela Wrong's In the Footsteps of Mr. Kurtz: Living on the Brink of Disaster in the Congo reports a story that the remaining Mirages were sold in France whilst there for maintenance, in order to finance a Zairean air force commander's retirement.[8]

The FAZ played little part in the First Congo War, with most aircraft inoperable. Some aircraft were imported and used by Serbian mercenaries, but had little operational effect.[4]

Current structure

A Congolese Mil Mi-24 attack helicopter, carrying Democratic Republic of the Congo markings, in flight in 2012

As of 2007, all military aircraft in the Democratic Republic of the Congo were operated by the Air Force. Jane's World Air Forces states that the Air Force has an estimated strength of 1,800 personnel and is organised into two Air Groups. These Groups command five wings and nine squadrons, of which not all are operational. 1 Air Group is located at Kinshasa and consists of Liaison Wing, Training Wing and Logistical Wing and has a strength of five squadrons. 2 Tactical Air Group is located at Kamina and consists of Pursuit and Attack Wing and Tactical Transport Wing and has a strength of four squadrons. Foreign private military companies have reportedly been contracted to provide the DRC's aerial reconnaissance capability using small propeller aircraft fitted with sophisticated equipment. Jane's states that People's Air and Air Defence Force of Angola fighter aircraft would be made available to defend Kinshasa if it came under attack.[9]

Like the other services, the Congolese Air Force is not capable of carrying out its responsibilities. Few of the Air Force's aircraft are currently flyable or capable of being restored to service and it is unclear whether the Air Force is capable of maintaining even unsophisticated aircraft. Moreover, Jane's states that the Air Force's Ecole de Pilotage is 'in near total disarray' though Belgium has offered to restart the Air Force's pilot training program.[10]

Known chiefs of staff

Aircraft

According to Flight International 2004 and IISS Military Balance 2007 past aircraft have consisted MiG-23 Flogger’s, C-130 Hercules, DHC-5 Buffalo’s, T-28 Trojan’s, and a AS332 Super Puma [13][14] Jane's World Air Forces 2007 states that the Air Force operates between 9 and 22 Mil Mi-24/35s attack helicopters, and a single Mi-26. The condition of the DRC's aircraft which are not currently in service is generally so poor that they cannot be repaired and returned to flyable status.[15] The DRC's single Mil Mi-26 'Halo' was shown as a photo in Air Forces Monthly (AFM)'s July 2007 issue without obvious rust and appearing to be in good condition which was taken on April 12, 2007, at Lubumbashi.[16] It was delivered in 2005. AFM says that a second Mi-26 prepared for the DRC has been stored with Skytech at Liège Airport, Belgium since at least June 2002. As of 2015 the table below displays aircraft presently in flyable condition.

Current inventory

Democratic Republic of Congo Air Force Mil Mi-8, February 2011
Aircraft Origin Type Variant In service Notes
Combat Aircraft
MiG-23  Soviet Union fighter 2[17] Not serviceable
Su-25  Russia Trainer 14[17]
Transport
Airbus A319-112 (ACJ)  European Union VIP 0 To be re-configured to VIP, sourced from its company firm
Boeing 727  United States VIP 2[17]
An-12  Soviet Union transport 5[17]
An-26  Soviet Union transport 2[17]
Helicopters
Mil Mi-2  Soviet Union utility 2[17]
Mil Mi-8  Russia utility Mi-8/17 4[17]
Mil Mi-24  Russia attack 8[17]
Mil Mi-26  Russia heavy utility 1[17]
Alouette III  France liaison 2[17]
SA 330 Puma  France utitily / transport 2[17]

Accidents and incidents

References

  1. 1 2 Standardization in the FARDC: Major General Musungu retires old equipment Digital Congo. 7/8/2010
  2. ↑ ISS Military Balance 1970–71, p.47-48
  3. ↑ IISS, Military Balance 1974–75, p.45
  4. 1 2 Tom Cooper & Pit Weinert, Zaire/DR Congo since 1980, 2 September 2003, Air Combat Information Group, accessed August 2007
  5. ↑ Lindsay Peacock, The World's Air Forces, Salamander, 1991, p.156
  6. ↑ See for example Jean-François Bayart, L'etat en Afrique: La Politique du Ventre, 1989
  7. ↑ Jackson, Paul. "Mirage III/5/50 Variant Briefing: Part 3: The Operators". World Air Power Journal Volume 16, Spring 1994, p. 119. London: Aerospace Publishing. ISBN 1-874023-36-0.
  8. ↑ Tony Wheeler, 'Tony Wheeler's Bad Lands,' Lonely Planet, 2007, ISBN 1741791863, p.321
  9. ↑ Jane's World Air Forces. Issue 25, 2007. Coulsdon: Jane's Information Group. pp. 134–135.
  10. ↑ Jane's World Air Forces. Issue 25, 2007. Coulsdon: Jane's Information Group. p. 135.
  11. ↑ Jean Omasombo et al., 2009, 166.
  12. ↑ Rogue army for a fragile state GGA. Published February 1, 2015. Retrieved March 29, 2015.
  13. ↑ IISS Military Balance 2007 p.271
  14. ↑ "World Air Forces 2004 pg. 52". flight Global. Retrieved 21 March 2015.
  15. ↑ Jane's World Air Forces. Issue 25, 2007. Pages 135–136.
  16. ↑ Air Forces Monthly No.232, July 2007, p.27
  17. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "World Air Forces 2015 pg. 14". Flightglobal Insight. 2015. Retrieved 21 March 2015.
  18. ↑ https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=189170

Further reading

External links


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