Albertis S. Harrison Jr.

Albertis S. Harrison Jr.
Harrison in 1962
Justice of the Supreme Court of Virginia
In office October 23, 1968 – December 31, 1981
Preceded by	Claude V. Spratley
Succeeded by	Charles S. Russell
59th Governor of Virginia
In office January 13, 1962 – January 15, 1966
Lieutenant	Mills E. Godwin Jr.
Preceded by	J. Lindsay Almond Jr.
Succeeded by	Mills E. Godwin Jr.
28th Attorney General of Virginia
In office January 13, 1958 – April 20, 1961
Preceded by	Kenneth Patty
Succeeded by	Frederick T. Gray
Member of the Virginia Senate from the 7th district
In office January 14, 1948 – January 8, 1958
Preceded by	Y. Melvin Hodges
Succeeded by	Joseph C. Hutcheson
Personal details
Born	Albertis Sydney Harrison Jr. January 11, 1907 Alberta, Virginia, U.S.
Died	January 23, 1995 (aged 88) Lawrenceville, Virginia, U.S.
Political party	Democratic
Spouse(s)	Lacey Virginia Barkley[1]
Alma mater	University of Virginia (LL.B.)
Profession	Lawyer
Religion	Episcopalian[2]
Military service
Allegiance	United States
Service/branch	United States Navy
Unit	U.S. Naval Reserve
Battles/wars	World War II

Albertis Sydney Harrison Jr. (January 11, 1907 – January 23, 1995) was an American politician and jurist. A Democrat associated with Virginia's Byrd Organization, he was the 59th Governor of Virginia in 1962–66, and the first governor of Virginia to have been born in the 20th century.^[3]

Early life, education

Harrison was born in Alberta, Virginia, the son of Albertis S. Harrison Sr. and Lizzie, née Goodrich.^[2] He is commonly mistaken to be related to Benjamin Harrison V and William Henry Harrison. He received an LL.B degree from the University of Virginia Law School in 1928.^[1]

Harrison married Lacey Virginia Barkley c.1940. They had two children.^[1][3]

Legal and political career

Harrison went into legal practice in Lawrenceville, Virginia, where he became town attorney, before being elected commonwealth's attorney of Brunswick County.^[1]

He was elected to the Senate of Virginia in 1947. He served there for ten years, before being elected Attorney General of Virginia in 1957.^[1][3]

Harrison resigned as Attorney General in April 1961 to run for Governor, winning election that November with 63.84% of the vote, defeating Republican H. Clyde Pearson. His administration increased educational financing for new schools and laboratories and raised teachers' pay. He promoted the development of state-supported colleges and technical schools as well as improved vocational training. He helped to modernize state banking laws to attract investment and accelerated highway construction.^[3]

He sat on the Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals, later renamed the Supreme Court of Virginia, from 1968 to 1981. In 1968 he chaired the Commission on Constitutional Revision that drafted the 1971 Constitution of Virginia.

Massive Resistance

As Attorney General, Harrison was responsible for defending the state's resistance to school integration, as part of the Massive Resistance strategy endorsed and led by the state's political leader, United States Senator Harry F. Byrd.

Part of Massive Resistance involved the closing of public schools in various Virginia cities and counties to prevent racially integrated classrooms. Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County was one of the companion cases to Brown v. Board of Education, but the Supreme Court had left enforcement to the local federal district judge. Moreover, the Gray Commission of Byrd loyalists had recommended passage of various laws to avoid or delay integration. After opinions by the Virginia Supreme Court on January 19, 1959 (the birthday of Robert E. Lee) as well as a three-judge federal panel overturned much of the new Virginia legislation, Governor James Lindsay Almond Jr. (previously attorney general) and Harrison decided not to defy those courts and allowed schools in Arlington and Norfolk to reopen. However the schools in Prince Edward County closed in 1958 and did not reopen until 1963, as white students used tuition grants to attend a private segregation academy at state expense, while black students were left to volunteer efforts. Other problematic school closures, ultimately opened pursuant to federal court orders included those in Albemarle, Warren County and later New Kent County (the subject of the 1968 Supreme Court decision in Green v. County School Board of New Kent County. Gov. Mills Godwin told the board to comply unless they were willing to risk prosecution. By this time, Harrison, like a number of other Byrd Democrats, had concluded that obstinate resistance to integration could not continue. ^[3]

Another aspect of Massive Resistance involved new laws regulating attorney ethics, designed to attack practices of the NAACP, which was pursuing the desegregation actions. Initially, the U.S. Supreme Court deferred to an upcoming decision of the Virginia Supreme Court about those new ethics rules in Harrison v. NAACP (1959), but the case came before it twice more in NAACP v. Button (which was reargued after Harrison resigned as Attorney General to run for Governor, and which Virginia lost under attorney general Robert Young Button.

Death

Harrison died of a heart attack at his home in Lawrenceville on January 23, 1995.^[3] He is buried in Oakwood Cemetery in Lawrenceville, Virginia^[2]

The courthouse in Lawrenceville is named in his honor.

References

1. "Virginia Governor Albertis S. Harrison Jr.". National Governors Association. Retrieved 2013-01-04.
2. "Harrison, Albertis Sydney Jr.". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved 2013-01-04.
3. Saxon, Wolfgang (1995-01-25). "Albertis S. Harrison Jr., 88, Dies; Led Virginia as Segregation Fell". New York Times. Retrieved 2012-07-04.