Antiochus IX Cyzicenus

Antiochus IX Eusebes
Antiochus IX Eusebes Cyzicenus

King of the Seleucid Empire (King of Syria)
Reign	116 BCE-96 BC (with his brother Antiochus VIII Grypus)
Predecessor	Antiochus VIII Grypus
Successor	Seleucus VI Epiphanes

Born	Unknown
Died	96 BC
Wife	Cleopatra IV (married c. 115-12 BC) Cleopatra Selene I (married 95-96 BC)
Issue	Antiochus X Eusebes
Dynasty	Seleucid
Father	Antiochus VII Sidetes
Mother	Cleopatra Thea

Antiochus IX Eusebes ("pious") Cyzicenus ("from Cyzicus"), ruler of the Greek Seleucid kingdom, was the son of Antiochus VII Sidetes and Cleopatra Thea.^[1]

Biography

The son of Antiochus VII Sidetes and Cleopatra Thea,^[1] upon the death of his father in Parthia and his uncle Demetrius II Nicator's return to power (129 BC), his mother sent him to Cyzicus on the Bosporus, thus giving him his nickname.

After the death of his mother Cleopatra Thea ca. 118 BCE,^[1] Antiochus IX Cyzicenus challenged his half-brother, Antiochus VIII Grypus, for power of Syria.^[1]

He returned to Syria in 116 BC to claim the Seleucid throne from half-brother/cousin Antiochus VIII Grypus, with whom he eventually divided Syria, with the right to rule half of the Seleucid Kingdom granted to him in 116 BCE.^[1]

Antiochus IX Cyzicenus was first married to Cleopatra IV, who was then killed in 112 BC by her sister and rival Syrian Queen Tryphaena, wife of King Grypus.^[2]^[3]^[4] After the death of Grypus and capturing the capital, Antiochus IX Cyzicenus married Cleopatra Selene I, the sister of his former wife Cleopatra IV.

He was killed in battle by the son of Grypus, Seleucus VI Epiphanes in 96 BC.

Legacy

Beginning his reign in 95 BC, the son of Antiochus IX Antiochus X Eusebes' first achievement was to defeat his double half-cousin/second cousin Seleucus VI Epiphanes, thus avenging the recent death of his father Antiochus IX Cyzicenus. The epithets he took tell much of his story: Eusebes (being a title of his father) and also Philopator (father-loving) both honoured his father. After that, he ruled Antioch and its surroundings, fighting endlessly against the four brothers of Seleucus VI, the Nabataeans and the Parthian Empire.

Gallery

Coin of Antiochus IX. The reverse shows Athena bearing Nike. The Greek inscription reads ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΝΤΙΟΧΟΥ ΦΙΛΟΠΑΤΟΡΟΣ (king Antiochus Philopatros).

References

1 2 3 4 5 Antiochus IX Cyzicenus entry in historical sourcebook by Mahlon H. Smith
↑ Aidan Dodson, Dyan Hilton, The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt, 2004
↑ Cleopatra Thea by Chris Bennett
↑ Justin 39, 3, 3-11.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Antiochus IX Cyzicenus.

Antiochus IX Cyzicenus entry in historical sourcebook by Mahlon H. Smith

Antiochus IX Cyzicenus Seleucid dynasty Born: Unknown Died: 96 BC
Preceded by Antiochus VIII Grypus	Seleucid King (King of Syria) 114–96 BC with Antiochus VIII Grypus (125–96 BC)	Succeeded by Seleucus VI Epiphanes

Hellenistic rulers

Argeads	Philip II Alexander III the Great Philip III Arrhidaeus Alexander IV

Antigonids	Antigonus I Monophthalmus Demetrius I Poliorcetes Antigonus II Gonatas Demetrius II Aetolicus Antigonus III Doson Philip V Perseus Philip VI (pretender)

Ptolemies	Ptolemy I Soter Ptolemy II Philadelphus Ptolemy III Euergetes Ptolemy IV Philopator Ptolemy V Epiphanes Cleopatra I Syra (regent) Ptolemy VI Philometor Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator Cleopatra II Philometor Soter Ptolemy VIII Physcon Cleopatra III Ptolemy IX Lathyros Ptolemy X Alexander Berenice III Ptolemy XI Alexander Ptolemy XII Auletes Cleopatra VI Tryphaena Berenice IV Epiphanea Ptolemy XIII Ptolemy XIV Cleopatra VII Philopator Ptolemy XV Caesarion

Seleucids	Seleucus I Nicator Antiochus I Soter Antiochus II Theos Seleucus II Callinicus Seleucus III Ceraunus Antiochus III the Great Seleucus IV Philopator Antiochus IV Epiphanes Antiochus V Eupator Demetrius I Soter Alexander I Balas Demetrius II Nicator Antiochus VI Dionysus Diodotus Tryphon Antiochus VII Sidetes Alexander II Zabinas Seleucus V Philometor Antiochus VIII Grypus Antiochus IX Cyzicenus Seleucus VI Epiphanes Antiochus X Eusebes Antiochus XI Epiphanes Demetrius III Eucaerus Philip I Philadelphus Antiochus XII Dionysus Antiochus XIII Asiaticus Philip II Philoromaeus

Lysimachids	Lysimachus

Antipatrids	Cassander Philip IV Alexander V Antipater II Antipater Etesias Sosthenes

Attalids	Philetaerus Eumenes I Attalus I Eumenes II Attalus II Attalus III Eumenes III

Greco-Bactrians	Diodotus I Diodotus II Euthydemus I Demetrius I Euthydemus II Antimachus I Pantaleon Agathocles Demetrius II Eucratides I Plato Eucratides II Heliocles I

Indo-Greeks	Demetrius I Antimachus I Pantaleon Agathocles Apollodotus I Demetrius II Antimachus II Menander I Zoilos I Agathokleia Lysias Strato I Antialcidas Heliokles II Polyxenos Demetrius III Philoxenus Diomedes Amyntas Epander Theophilos Peukolaos Thraso Nicias Menander II Artemidoros Hermaeus Archebius Telephos Apollodotus II Hippostratos Dionysios Zoilos II Apollophanes Strato II

Kings of Bithynia	Boteiras Bas Zipoetes I Nicomedes I Zipoetes II Etazeta (regent) Ziaelas Prusias I Prusias II Nicomedes II Nicomedes III Nicomedes IV Socrates Chrestus

Kings of Pontus	Mithridates I Ctistes Ariobarzanes Mithridates II Mithridates III Pharnaces I Mithridates IV Philopator Philadephos Mithridates V Euergetes Mithridates VI Eupator Pharnaces II Darius Arsaces Polemon I Pythodorida Polemon II

Kings of Commagene	Ptolemaeus Sames II Mithridates I Antiochus I Mithridates II Antiochus II Mithridates III Antiochus III Antiochus IV

Kings of Cappadocia	Ariarathes I Ariarathes II Ariamnes II Ariarathes III Ariarathes IV Ariarathes V Orophernes Ariarathes VI Ariarathes VII Ariarathes VIII Ariarathes IX Ariobarzanes I Ariobarzanes II Ariobarzanes III Ariarathes X Archelaus

Kings of the Cimmerian Bosporus	Mithridates I Pharnaces Asander with Dynamis Mithridates II Asander with Dynamis Scribonius’ attempted rule with Dynamis Dynamis with Polemon Polemon with Pythodorida Aspurgus Mithridates III with Gepaepyris Mithridates III Cotys I

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